Грамматические окончания в английском языке
Морфология
Имя существительное. Артикли (определенный и неопределенный) как признаки имени существительного; предлоги — выразители его падежных форм. Окончание -s — показатель множественного числа имени существительного. Окончания 's, s' как средство выражения притяжательного падежа.
Образование множественного числа имен существительных путем изменения корневой гласной от следующих имен существительных: a man — men, a woman-women, a child - children, a tooth - teeth, a foot-feet.
Множественное число некоторых имен существительных, заимствованных из греческого и латинского языков, например: datum —data, phenomenon - phenomena, nucleus — nuclei.
Существительное в функции определения и его перевод на русский язык.
Имя прилагательное и наречие. Степени сравнения. Перевод предложений, содержащих конструкции типа the more ... the less ... .
Имена числительные. Количественные, порядковые. Чтение дат.
Местоимения. Личные местоимения в формах именительного и объектного падежей; притяжательные местоимения; возвратные и усилительные местоимения; местоимения вопросительные, указательные, относительные. Неопределенное местоимение one (ones) и его функции. Неопределенные местоимения some, any, отрицательное местоимение nо и их производные.
Глагол. Изъявительное наклонение глагола и образование видо-временных групп Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect. Активная и пассивная формы (Active and Passive Voice). Особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык. Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты. Функции глаголов to be, to have, to do. Основные сведения о сослагательном наклонении.
Образование повелительного наклонения и его отрицательной формы. Выражение приказания и просьбы с помощью глагола to let.
Неличные формы глагола: инфинитив, его формы (Indefinite Active, Indefinite Passive, Perfect Active), инфинитивные конструкции — объектный инфинитивный оборот и субъектный инфинитивный оборот. Причастие — Participle I и Participle II в функциях определения и обстоятельства. Сложные формы причастия — Participle I (Passive, Perfect Active). Независимый причастный оборот. Герундий — Gerund (простые формы) и герундиальные обороты.
Строевые слова. Местоимения, наречия, предлоги, артикли, союзы. Многофункциональность строевых слов; it, that (those), one, because, because of, as, since, till, until, due to, provided, both, either, neither.
Наиболее употребительные префиксы
| Префиксы | Примеры | Перевод |
| anti- | anti-war | антивоенный |
| со- | co-exist | сосуществовать |
| counter- | counterweight | противовес |
| de- | demilitarize | демилитаризовать |
| extra- | extraordinary | необыкновенный, чрезвычайный |
| in- | inlay | вставлять |
| multi- | multistage | многоступенчатый |
| over- | overcome | преодолеть |
| poly- | polytechnical | политехнический |
| post- | postgraduate | аспирант |
| pre- | predetermine | предопределять |
| re- | reorganize | реорганизовать |
| trans- | transformation | преобразование |
| super- | superprofits | сверхприбыли |
| ultra- | ultra-violet | ультрафиолетовый |
| under- | underground | подземный |
Основные суффиксы существительных
| Суффиксы | Примеры | Перевод |
| -аnсе | importance | значение |
| -еnсе | silence | молчание |
| -sion | revision | пересмотр |
| -dom | freedom | свобода |
| -ion (-tion, | revolution | революция |
| -ation) | formation | формирование |
| -ment | equipment | оборудование |
| -ness | softness | мягкость |
| -ship | friendship | дружба |
| -age | voltage | напряжение |
| -er | teacher | преподаватель |
| -ty | difficulty | трудность |
| Суффиксы | Примеры | Перевод |
| -able | remarkable | выдающийся |
| -ible | extensible | растяжимый |
| -ant, | resistant | сопротивляющийся |
| -ent | different | различный |
| -ful | successful | успешный |
| -less | homeless | бездомный |
| -ous | famous | известный |
| -y | sunny | солнечный |
| -ly | happily | счастливо |
Грамматические окончания в английском языке
| Окончание | имени существительного глагола | Словообразование |
| -s | 1) во мн.числе 2) ‘s в притяжательном падеже 3) в 3-м лице ед.числа в утвердит. форме наст.вр.(Present Indefinite Tense) | — |
| -еr | имени прилагательного в сравнительной степени | Имя существительное, обозначающее действующее лицо, аппарат, прибор |
| -est | имени прилагательного в превосходной степени | — |
| -ed | глагола: 1) в личной форме простого прошедшего времени (Past Indefinite Tense); 2) в неличной форме (Participle II) | — |
| -ing | глагола в неличных формах: Participle I — причастие настоящего времени Gerund - герундий Verbal Noun - отглагольное существительное | — |
Примеры к таблице
-s, 's
1. These machines are highly efficient.
Эти машины имеют высокий коэффициент полезного действия.
2. The machine's capacity is high.
Производительность этой машины высокая.
3. Hе machines these parts.
Он подвергает механической обработке эти детали.
-er, -est
lighter легче a teacher учитель
the lightestсамый легкий a lighterзажигалка
-еd
Не lighted the lamp. —Он зажег лампу. lighted зажженный
-ing
lighting -освещающий (определение), освещая (обстоятельство) (Participle I)
lighting—освещение (имеется в виду процесс) (Gerund) the lighting —освещение (Verbal Noun)
Поскольку количество суффиксов английского языка, по которым можно установить, к какой части речи относится данное слово, сравнительно невелико, для уточнения грамматических функций слова, взятого отдельно или в предложении, используются: 1) строевые слова; 2) твердый порядок слов.
| имени существительного | глагола |
| Артикль | Прединфинитивная частица |
| a name — имя | toname — называть |
| an aim — цель | to aim — нацеливаться |
| themachine — машина | to machine — обрабатывать механически |
| Предлог | Модальный или вспомогательный |
| глагол | |
| inturn—по очереди | You must turnto the left. |
| Вам надо повернуть налево. | |
| withoutresult—без результата | Their efforts will result in success. |
| Их усилия приведут к успеху. | |
| They should watchthe TV programme. | |
| Им следует посмотреть | |
| эту телепередачу. | |
| Местоимение (притяжательное, | Местоимение (личное, |
| вопросительное, неопределенное, | вопросительное, относительное) |
| отрицательное, относительное) | |
| my work — моя работа | I work. Я работаю. |
| hisstudies —его занятия | Не studies. Он занимается. |
| Whoseplans are better? | Whoplans the research? |
| Чьи планы лучше? | Кто планирует это научное исследование? |
ВАРИАНТ 1
I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Переведите их на русский язык.
Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием –s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
a) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
b) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
c) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного
1. The postman brings us the newspaper in the morning.
a) –s b) –s c)-s
2. Tom’s son is very ill now.
a) –s b) –s c)-s
3. My sisters speak two foreign languages.
a) –s b) –s c)-s
4. He usually has his English in the morning.
a) –s b) –s c)-s
5. I do my exercises at home.
a) –s b) –s c)-s
II Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая
внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным .
1. Read the grammar notes that follow this text.
2. We are going to attend the Music Festival next year.
3. He became a famous knitwear designer.
4. I passed my psychology examinations last week.
5. My sister is a student of the Rostov State University.
Изучите тему: степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий.
III. Выполните тест. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. It is ___ today than it was yesterday.
a) warm b) warmer c) more warmer
2. This book is ___ than that one.
a) more interesting b) interesting c) the most interesting
3. London is ___ from Moscow than Paris is.
a) farther b) the farthest c) more farther
4. Mathematics is one of the ___ subjects at a technical college.
a) less important b) most important c) more important
5. The ___ I thought of that plan, the ___ I liked it.
a) more … less b) shorter … longer c) better … worse
Изучите тему: неопределенные и отрицательные местоимения.
IV . Выполните тест. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Give me ___ books to read.
a) some b) no c) not any
2. I don’t have ___ magazines at home.
a) not any b) any c) some
3. Are there ___ flowers in the vase?
a) no b) some c) any
4. There are ___ pictures on the wall.
a) any b) no c) no any
5. ___ student knows the history of his city.
a) any b) - c) some
Изучите тему: временагруппы Indefinite (Present Indefinite, Past Indefinite, Future Indefinite).
V. Выполните тест. Письменно переведите следующие предложения:
1. Dinosaurs ___ million of years ago.
a) died out b) will die out c) die out
2. I ___ go shopping yesterday.
a) wasn’t b) doesn’t c) didn’t
3. I ___ John tomorrow.
a) shall call b) called c) call
4. I like coffee but my sister ___ it at all.
a) don’t like b) doesn’t like c) shan’t like
5. There ___ ten students in the classroom now.
a) were b) are c) is
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст.
LONDON
London is the capital of Great Britain. It lies in the South East of England on both banks of the river Themes. London is one of the largest cities in the world and the largest port and industrial town in England. London is more than twenty centuries old.
The heart of the capital is the City. The territory of the City is only about one square mile, but it is the financial and business center of the country. It contains almost all important English banks and offices.
The West End of London is famous for its beautiful monuments and palaces, fine parks, fashionable shops and big hotels. The East End is quite different from the West End. It is the district of factories, plants and docks. The narrow streets and poor houses of the East End present a contrast to the homes of the rich people in the West End.
There are many places of interest in London. One of them is Trafalgar Square with the Nelson monument 185 feet high. Buckingham Palace is the royal residence. Westminster Abbey is one of the most beautiful buildings in London. It contains the memorials of many famous citizens of Britain.
Across the road from Westminster Abbey are the Houses of Parliament, the seat of the British government.
The Tower of London is one of the most interesting places in London. It was a fortress, a royal residence, a prison, now it is a museum.
London is famous for its green parks. Hyde Park is the most popular of them. It is the greatest park in London as well.
London is the center of the country’s cultural life. There are many picture galleries and museums there. The National Gallery houses a priceless collection of paintings. The famous British Museum is one of the best museums in the world.
VII. Выпишите соответствующие содержанию текста предложения и письменно переведите их.
1) London lies in the North-East of England.
2) The capital of England is more than twenty centuries old.
3) The City is the financial and business center of the country.
4) The Nelson monument is one of the numerous places of interest in London.
5) The territory of the City is more than one square mile.
6) The seat of the British government is the Houses of Parliament.
7) The British museum has a priceless collection of paintings.
8) Hyde Park is the greatest park in London.
9) Westminster Abbey is the place where you can see the memorials of many famous citizens of Britain.
10) There are factories, plants and docks in the East End.
ВАРИАНТ 2
I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Переведите их на русский язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
b) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
c) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного
1. My sister goes to University by tram.
a) –s b) –s c)-s
2. The Bolshoi Theater is the country’s best opera house.
a) –s b) –s c)-s
3. They go home after classes.
a) –s b) –s c)-s
4. He has a dog and a cat at home.
a) –s b) –s c)-s
5. The cold weather affected everybody’s work.
a) –s b) –s c)-s
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.
1. I bought a very good tennis racket yesterday.
2. The meeting will take place in the Conference Hall.
3. You can buy leather boots in this shop.
4. This University was founded after the Second World War
5. I learn grammar rules every day.
Изучите тему: степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий.
III. Выполните тест. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. This house is ___ than that one.
a) older b) more older c) old
2. This arm chair is ___ than that one.
a) comfortable b) more comfortable c) the most comfortable
3. My car is ___ than yours.
a) the best b) good c) better
4. Football is the ____ sport in the world.
a) less popular b) most popular c) more popular
5. The ____ we learn, the ___ we know.
a) more … more b) better … worse c) larger…bigger
Изучите тему: неопределенные и отрицательные местоимения.
IV. Выполните тест. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. ____ people like traveling.
a) no b) - c) some
2. He didn’t make ___ mistake in his dictation.
a) some b) any c) no
3. Have you got ___ objections?
a) any b) some c) no
4. We had ___ time to discuss this problem.
a) no any b) any c) no
5. ___ picture of this museum is valuable.
a) any b) some c) –
Изучите тему: временагруппы Indefinite (Present Indefinite, Past Indefinite, Future Indefinite).
V. Выполните тест. Письменно переведите следующие предложения:
1. Tom ___ busy at the moment.
a) is b) shall be c) were
2. I know how to use a calculator but I ____ know how to operate a computer.
a) aren’t b) don’t c) doesn’t
3. Peter ___ twenty five years old when he graduated from the university.
a) is b) will be c) was
4. We ___ see him till Monday.
a) shall not b) were not c) are not
5. He usually watches TV in the evening, but yesterday he ___ to music.
a) listened b) will listen c) listens
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст.
New York
New York is one of the largest cities in the world. It lies in the mouth of the Hudson River.
The centre of New York is Manhattan Island. Today Manhattan is the centre of business and financial life of the country. Very few people live in Manhattan, although the majority works here. Numerous bridges and tunnels link Manhattan with other districts of New York. In Manhattan there is Columbia University, one of the biggest Universities in the country.
New York is the city of sky-scrapers. Many sky-scrapers house banks and offices of American businessmen. There are many places of interest in New-York. For example, Central Park, Rockefeller Centre, the United Nations Building and the shopping districts,
There are several theatres, museums and art galleries in New York. The most famous of them are American Museum of Natural History and Metropolitan Museum of Art, which has a magnificent collection of American and European pictures. There is New York Public Library, the biggest library in New York.
New York.
New York is a multinational city. People of almost all nationalities live here. At the turn of the 20-th century a lot of people came to the USA from different countries of the world.
The poorest part of New York is Harlem, the overcrowded .black community. Its population соnsists of Negroes and Latin Americans.
New York is a city of contrast. It is a city of big business, money, wealth, beauty, unemployment, poverty and crime.
VII. Выпишите соответствующие содержанию текста предложения и письменно переведите их.
1) New York is the city of sky-scrapers.
2) Many people live and work in Manhattan.
3) New York’s American Museum is one of the most famous museums.
4) The inhabitants of New York are people of many nationalities.
5) Manhattan Island is one of the far districts of New York.
6) The United nations Building is one of the places of interest of New York.
7) Only Latin Americans live in Harlem, the poorest part of New York.
8) New York is a city of big business, money, wealth, beauty, unemployment, poverty and crime.
9) There are several theatres, museums and art galleries in New York.
10) The city’s biggest library is New York Public Library.
ВАРИАНТ 3
I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Переведите их на русский язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
b) Признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
c) Показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного
1. He always comes to his work in time.
a) –s b) –s c)-s
2. We had dinner at our friend’s.
a) –s b) –s c)-s
3. I write to my parents very often.
a) –s b) –s c)-s
4. My sister has a very cosy house.
a) –s b) –s c)-s
5. My mother has two sisters.
a) –s b) –s c)-s
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным.
1. This town is known for its Picture Gallery.
2. The government provides extra money for science teachers.
3. The bus stop is not far from the Institute.
4. I only like cowboy films.
5. Italy is called a country of wine drinkers.
Изучите тему: степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий.
III. Выполните тест. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. This classroom is ___ than other classrooms.
a) larger b) the largest c) large
2. This exercise is ___ than that one.
a) difficult b) more difficult c) the most difficult
3. We have ___ interest in this work than you.
a) more little b) less c) the least
4. I am the ___ in my family.
a) older b) oldest c) old
5. The ___ I studied English, the ___ I liked it.
a) less … better b) more … more c) farther…worse
Изучите тему: неопределенные и отрицательные местоимения.
IV . Выполните тест. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. I have ___ French magazines at home.
a) any b) some c) no any
2. We haven’t got ___ time.
a) any b) no c) some
3. Did you borrow ___ books from the library?
a) no b) some c) any
4.There is a cat in the room, but there is ___ dog there.
a) any b) no c) some
5. ____ monument in this city has its own history.
a) any b) some c) no any
Изучите тему: временагруппы Indefinite (Present Indefinite, Past Indefinite, Future Indefinite).
V. Выполните тест. Письменно переведите следующие предложения:
1. I like dogs very much but I ____ cats.
a) doesn’t like b) don’t like c) aren’t like
2. He ___ to Moscow two days ago.
a) returns b) will return c) returned
3. The train ___ at 5 o’clock tomorrow.
a) arrive b) will arrive c) arrived
4. My sister plays tennis but she ____ basketball.
a) prefer b) shall prefer c) prefers
5. I saw a film yesterday. The film ___ boring.
a) is b) was c) will be
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст.
Philadelphia
One of the main cities of the United States of America is Philadelphia. It lies in the east of the US A.
Now Washington is the capital of the USA, but Philadelphia was the first capital of the United States of America from 1790 till 1800. Many people consider that Philadelphia is an important political centre of the USA, because in this city in 1787 people adopted the first constitution.
Philadelphia is a seaport and shipping centre of the country. It is an important industrial centre. There are many important branches of industry in the city.
There are many places of interest in Philadelphia, for example, the Independence National Historical Park. You will see many monuments in it, for example, the Liberty Bell. Now the Liberty Bell is a symbol of freedom. The sound of this 'Bell told the people about the first public reading of the Declaration of Independence. It was in July, 1776.
Philadelphia is one of the cultural centers of the country. The Parkway is the cultural centre of Philadelphia. There are many museums in the city. For example, the Philadelphia Museum of Art (one of the greatest museums of the world), College of Art, Academy of Sciences and Academy of Fine Arts.
There are a lot of .theatres, shops and hotels in the city. You will see Pennsylvania University in Philadelphia. This University has an interesting and large library. Philadelphia is a beautiful city with many sky-scrapers in it.
VII. Выпишите соответствующие содержанию текста предложения и письменно переведите их.
1) Philadelphia was the first capital of the USA from 1790 till 1800.
2) You can see many theatres and monuments in Philadelphia, for example, the Liberty Bell, which is a symbol of freedom.
3) The Philadelphia Museum of Art is near Independence National Historical Park.
4) The sound of the Liberty Bell told the people about the first public reading of the Declaration of Independence.
5) Philadelphia is one of the cultural centers of the country because there are many museums there.
6) Pennsylvania University has an interesting and large library.
7) Philadelphia is the most important city of the USA
8) The first constitution was adopted in 1787 in this city.
9) Philadelphia is an important industrial and political centre of the country.
10) Washington is considered to be the center of the country because it is the capital of the United States of America.
Вариант 4
I.Перепишите следующие предложения. Переведите их на русский язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
b) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
c) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного
1) An Englishman’s house is his castle.
a) –s b) –s c)-s
2) Peter Browns works as a manager.
a) –s b) –s c)-s
3) He usually has breakfast at 8 o’clock.
a) –s b) –s c)-s
4) I hate writing letters.
a) –s b) –s c)-s
5) Michael plays tennis two times a week.
a) –s b) –s c)-s
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным .
1. Helen is a university student.
2. What are your plans for summer holiday?
3. Mr. Taylor and his wife listened to six o’clock news.
4. This is a very interesting newspaper article.
5. There is a large State Library in our town.
Изучите тему: степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий.
III. Выполните тест. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The Volga is ___ than the Dnepr.
a) the longest b) longer c) long
2. This video cassette recorder is ____ than that one.
a) more expensive b) expensive c) the most expensive
3. Today we have ___ free time than you have.
a) the most b) much c) more
4. The Moscow underground is the ____ in the world.
a) better b) best c) good
5. The ____ we leave, the ____ we will arrive.
a) more … more b) longer … shorter c) earlier … sooner
Изучите тему: неопределенные и отрицательные местоимения.
IV . Выполните тест. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. He gave me ___ newspapers.
a) any b) some c) no any
2. He didn’t ask me ___ questions.
a) any b) no c) some
3. Have you got ___ animals at home?
a) some b) any c) no
4. I can’t buy a car because I have ____ money.
a) no b) some c) any
5. Tell me if you need ____ help.
a) any b) no c) not any
Изучите тему: временагруппы Indefinite (Present Indefinite, Past Indefinite, Future Indefinite).
V. Выполните тест. Письменно переведите следующие предложения:
1. The film ___ at 6 o’clock yesterday.
a) begins b) began c) will begin
2. He is a nice person but I ____ trust him.
a) don’t b) isn’t c) doesn’t
3. I saw him yesterday. He ___ very angry.
a) will be b) are c) was
4. He ____ back home next week.
a) were b) will be c) are
5. I hope that you ___ quite well.
a) are b) was c) shall be
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст.
Washington
Washington is the capital of the United States of America. It is one of the most beautiful and unusual cities of the United States. In Washington there is no industry. It is a political, administrative, cultural and educational centre of the country.
Washington is the seat of the US government; Washington's .government buildings include the White House and the Capitol. The White House is the official residence of the US President, where he lives and works. The Capitol is the building where the US Congress meets.
Not far from the Capitol there is the library of Congress, the largest library in the country. It contains more than 13 million books, more than 19 million manuscripts and the personal papers of the US Presidents.
There are some important museums in Washington, where you will see famous paintings and sculptures, the original of the Declaration of Independence, the largest blue diamond in the world, etc.
There are five Universities, several museums and galleries in the capital. You will not find a park or a square in the city without a monument or a memorial. The most impressive and the best known monuments are the Lincoln Memorial and the Washington Monument.
There are no sky-scrapers in Washington. There is a law that forbids building houses higher than the Capitol. Thousands of tourists visit Washington every day.
VII. Выпишите соответствующие содержанию текста предложения и письменно переведите их.
1) Washington is the capital of the United States of America.
2) The library of Congress, the largest library in the country, is situated not far from the Capitol.
3) Washington is a political, administrative, cultural and educational centre of the country.
4) The White House and the Capitol are Washington’s government buildings.
5) There are no parks in Washington.
6) There is a law that forbids building houses higher than the Capitol.
7) The original of the Declaration of Independence as well as the largest blue diamond in the world is in one of the museums of Washington.
8) There are five Universities and five museums in Washington
9) The Washington Monument is one of the most impressive and the best known monuments of the city.
10) The White House is the building where the US Congress meets.
ВАРИАНТ 5
I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Переведите их на русский язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно:
а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в Present Indefinite;
b) признаком множественного числа имени существительного;
c) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного
1. My brother has many friends.
a) –s b) –s c)-s
2. This is my sister’s book.
a) –s b) –s c)-s
3. We often buy tomatoes and potatoes in the supermarket.
a) –s b) –s c)-s
4. Ann lives in Moscow.
a) –s b) –s c)-s
5. I am always in time for the lessons.
a) –s b) –s c)-s
II Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именем существительным .
1. There are different types of rocket motors.
2. Where is the sports goods department? It’s on the fourth floor.
3. What is the room temperature?
4. This scientist got two State prizes.
5. There are some students on the sport ground.
Изучите тему: степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий.
III. Выполните тест. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
1.She ___ than her sister.
a) tall b) taller c) more taller
2.You are even ___ than before.
a) more beautiful b) beautiful c) the most beautiful
3.I earn ___ than a postman.
a) little b) the least c) less
4. She is the ____ pupil in the school.
a) most intelligent b) more intelligent c) less intelligent
5. The ___ is the day, the ____ is the night.
a) taller … smaller b) shorter … longer c) more … worse
Изучите тему: неопределенные и отрицательные местоимения.
IV. Выполните тест. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. He asked me ____ questions.
a) some b) any c) not any
2.I haven’t ___ money at all.
a) no b) some c) any
3.. Are the ____ pictures on the wall?
a) some b) any c) not any
4. There are ____ textbooks on the desk.
a) no b) no any c) any
5. You can buy stamps at ___ post office.
a) some b) no c) any
Изучите тему: временагруппы Indefinite (Present Indefinite, Past Indefinite, Future Indefinite).
V. Выполните тест. Письменно переведите следующие предложения:
1. I ___ John and Mary last week.
a) see b) saw c) shall see
2.I ___ live far from the center of town.
a) aren’t b) don’t c) isn’t
3.My boss ____ away for the next three days.
a) are b) were c) will be
4. Do you think this style ____ me?
a) suits b) suit c) shall suit
5. Harry ___ ill last week but now he is better.
a) is b) was c) will be
VI. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. (Stratford-on-avon –г. Стратфорд –на- Эйвоне, Avon – река Эйвон)
STRATFORD-ON-AVON
Stratford-on-Avon lies at the very heart of England. It attracts people not by its history and connection with William Shakespeare, but also by its wonderful nature and typical English character.
Stratford stands on the river-Avon and is one of the oldest market towns. It preserves its own atmosphere. There are beautiful woods, green fields, a quiet river and lovely houses in it. You will not see modern buildings there. The houses are small and a lot of them are very old. Some of them date back to Shakespeare’s time.
Here you will visit Shakespeare’s birthplace. It is a museum now. In one room there is a little wooden desk, which he sat at, when he went to school. There is a wonderful garden behind the house. Round the corner there is Grammar school that Shakespeare attended.
Thousands of people from all parts of England and foreign tourists come here on Shakespeare’s birthday (23-d April) every year.
Among other sights there is a monument with the statue of the great poet on the top and with characters from his plays round it.
And, of course, you will visit the Royal Shakespeare Theatre, a redbrick building on the banks of the Avon. It is a living memorial to the poet’s work. The Royal Shakespeare Company is one of the best known and largest theatre companies in the world, which regularly performs here and in London.
VII. Выпишите соответствующие содержанию текста предложения и письменно переведите их.
1) Stratford-on-Avon is a town where Shakespeare was born.
2) Some of the old houses in Stratford date back to Shakespeare’s time.
3) There are beautiful woods, green fields, a quiet river and modern buildings in Stratford.
4) The Royal Shakespeare Theatre is a redbrick building that stands on the banks of the river Avon.
5) In Stratford you can visit Grammar school that Shakespeare attended.
6) One of the sights of Stratford is a monument with the statue of Shakespeare on the top and with characters from his plays round it.
7) Stratford-on-Avon is one of the oldest market towns and it preserves its own atmosphere.
8) There is a wonderful garden behind the Shakespeare’s house.
9) Shakespeare’s house is situated on the banks of the Avon.
10) Many tourists come here only because they want to visit Shakespeare’s birthplace.
Контрольное задание 2
Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание 2 , необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику:
1.Видо- временные формы глагола : а) активный залог – формы Simple ( Present , Past , Future ); формы Continuous ( Present , Past , Future ) ; особенности перевода пассивных конструкций на русский язык.
2. Простые неличные формы глагола : Participle I ( Present Participle ) , Participle II ( Past Participle ) в функциях определения и обстоятельства , а также как часть видо- временной формы сказуемого.
3. Модальные глаголы : а) выражающие возможность : can ( could ), may и их эквиваленты - to be able to , to be allowed to ; б) выражающие долженствование : must, его эквиваленты- to have to , to be to , should , ought to.
Образец выполнения упражнений.
Задание 1.
He ... for his help Его поблагодарили за помощь
а)was thanked
Вариант 1
1. Изучите темы: активный залог- формы Simple , Continuous, Perfect ( Present, Past , Future ); пассивный залог- формы Simple (Present, Past, Future ).Выполните тест. Письменно переведите предложения.
1) The president ... by his wife on his recent tour.
a) accompanies
b) was accompanied
c) accompanied
2) The picture ... soon by the painter.
a) will be finished
b) was finished
c) finished
3) They ... to Britain twice.
a) have been
b) has been
c) are
4) It ... at 12 o’clock yesterday.
a) is raining
b) was raining
c) rained
5) She ...him long before he left for India.
a) knew
b) had known
c) has known
d)
2. Изучите тему: простые неличные формы глагола- Participle I, Participle II.
Выполните тест. Письменно переведите предложения.
1) The ... team slowly left the field.
a) defeating
b) defeated
2) Everyone finds the circus ...
a) exciting
b) excited
3) When she met him he was a ... man.
a) breaking
b) broken
4) Oliver lay ... with mud and dust.
a) covered
b) covering
5) At the moment there walked into the room ... himself with a stick a stout old gentleman.
a) supporting
b) supported
3. Изучите тему: модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.
Выполните тест. Письменно переведите предложения.
1) ...I have your book for a moment?
a) Might
b) Must
c) May
2) Our teacher ... speak three languages.
a) can
b) must
c) may
3) Your coat is quite new. You ... buy another one.
a) mustn’t
b) needn’t
c) can’t
4) I’d like ... play chess.
a) to have to
b) to be able to
c) may
5) Students ... interrupt their teacher.
a) cannot
b) needn’t
c) mustn’t
4. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст.
Great Britain
Great Britain ( official name – the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) is situated on two large islands, the larger of which is Great Britain, the smaller is Ireland. In addition to these two islands Great Britain includes over five hundred small islands.
The total area of Great Britain is 240,000 sq. km ,its population is over 56 mln people.
In the north –west and west the country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea, in the east – by the North Sea, it is separated from France by the English Channel.
The island of Great Britain is divided into two parts: mountainous and lowland.
There are no very long rivers. The most important rivers are the Thames ( the deepest ) and the Severn (the longest).
Great Britain consists of four main parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Administratively Great Britain is divided into 55 counties. The biggest cities of the country are London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester, Edinburgh and Cardiff.
Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy. Officially the head of the state is the Queen ( or the King ). However, the power of the Queen in Great Britain is not absolute. She acts only on the advice of the ministers and Parliament. Parliament in Great Britain exists since 1265 and is the eldest in the world. It consists of two Houses: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
Great Britain is a highly-developed industrial country. The main branches of British industry are machine-building, ship-building, metallurgy, electronics, etc.
5.Выпишите и письменно переведите правильные высказывания.
1.Great Britain( official name – the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) is situated on two large islands.
2. In addition to these two islands Great Britain includes over five hundred small islands.
3. The total area of Great Britain is 500,000 sq. km.
4.In the north-west and west the country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea, in the east – by the North Sea, it is separated from France by the English Channel.
5. There are no long rivers in Great Britain.
6. Great Britain consists of four main parts: England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland.
7. Administratively Great Britain is divided into 75 counties.
8. Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy.
9. The capital of Great Britain is Glasgow.
10. Great Britain is a highly – developed industrial country.
Вариант 2
1.Изучите темы: активный залог – формы Simple, Continuous, Perfect ( Present, Past, Future); пассивный залог- формы Simple ( Present, Past, Future.)
Выполните тест. Письменно переведите предложения.
1. The devil is not so black as he ....
a) is painted
b) was painting
c) paints
2. The new building of our University ... to the visitors tomorrow.
a) was shown
b) will be shown
c) showed
3. I ... him for a long time
a) know
b) has know
c) have known
4. He ... a car when we saw him.
a) is driving
b) was driving
c) will be driving
5. The students ... their last exam before holidays began.
a) passed
b) pass
c) had passed
2. Изучите тему: простые неличные формы глагола- Participle I, Participle II.
Выполните тест. Письменно переведите предложения.
1. The third and the largest painting was the last work ... by the artist.
a) doing
b) done
2. It seems to be a very ... story.
a) interesting
b) interested
3. The circus tent is always filled with ... children.
a) exciting
b) excited
4. It was a letter ... by someone in close touch with Celia.
a) written
b) writing
5. The servant took us into a large hall ... with flowers and carpets.
a) decorated
b) decorating
3.Изучите тему: модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.
Выполните тест. Письменно переведите предложения.
1. ... I come in?
a) Can
b) May
c) Might
2. We ... not get the medicine and returned home without it.
a) might
b) had to
c) could
3. The boy ... drive my car if he passes his exam.
a) may
b) will be allowed to
c) can
4. My lips were stiff. I ... hardly speak.
a) could
b) might
c) had to
5. Every member of a trade union ... pay a small sum of money.
a) must
b) could
c) might
4.Прочитайте и устно переведите текст.