Структурные типы основных галлюциногенов

I. Производные фенилэтиламина

???? R1=R5=H, R2=R3=R4=OCH3: 3,4,5-триметокси-фенилэтиоамин

(составная часть пейота)=мескалин R1=R4=OCH3, R2=H, R3=R5=CH3: 2,5-диметокси-4-метил-фенилизопропиламин=STP

(синтетическое вещество)

II. Производные индола

1. Производные триптамина

???? а) Alkyl=CH3: N,N,-диметилтриптамин (составляющая йопо и пр.) б) Alkyl=C2H5, C3H7, C3H5: N,N,-диэтилтиптамин и пр. (синтетические вещества)

2. Производные гидрокситриптамина

1) Производные 4-гидрокситриптамина:

???? а) R=OPO3H, Alkyl=CH2: псилоцибин R=OH, Alkyl=CH3: псилоцин (составляющие теонанакатля) б) R=OPO3H, Alkyl=C2H5: CY-19 R=OH, Alkyl=C2H5: CZ-74 (синтетические вещества)

2) Производные 5-гидрокситриптамина:

???? а) R1=OH, R2=R3=CH3: буфотенин б) R1=OCH3, R2=R3=CH3: 5-метокси-N,N,-диметилтриптамин в) R1=OCH3, R2=H, R3=CH3: 5-метокси-N-метилтриптамин (составляющие йопо, кообы, эпены и пр.)

3. Производные цикличного триптамина

1) бета-карболиновые производные:

???? а) гармин б) 3,4-дигидрогармин=гармалин в) d-1,2,3,4-тетрогидрогармин (составляющие аяхуаски и пр.)

2) Проиводные лизергиновой кислоты

???? а) R1=R2=H: амид d-лизергиновой кислоты б) R1=H, R2=CHOHCH3: гидроксиэтиламид d-лизергиновой кислоты (составляющая ололиуки) в) R1=R2=C2H5: диэтиламид d-лизергиновой кислоты (=ЛСД-25) (синтетическое вещество)

3) ибогаин

???? (составляющая Tabernanthe iboga)

Илл. 28. Таблица индольных галлюциногенов. Из книги Денниса Маккены и Теренса Маккенвы “Невидимый Ландшафт” (New York: Seabury Press, 1975), С. 56-57.

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