Мини-словарь для чтения книги

Аболиционизм— движение за отмену какого-либо решения или закона, например, за отмену рабства или дискриминации.

Агностик— человек, отрицающий познаваемость объективного мира и объективное значение истины.

Андрогиния— концепция о совмещении в одной личности как маскулинных, так и фемининных качеств.

Андроцентризм— центрированность на мужском в культуре, где мужское понимается как норма, а женское как отклонение от этой нормы.

Бисексуальность— одновременная сексуальная ориентация поведения и чувств индивида по отношению к людям разного пола.

Гендер— совокупность социальных и культурных норм, которые в обществе посредством власти и доминирования предписывается выполнять людям в зависимости от их пола.

Генедерная схема— структура знаний, организованная на основе категории гендера.

Гетеросексуальность— сексуальная ориентация поведения и чувств индивида на лиц другого пола.

Гетеросексизм— игнорирование и дискриминация иных сексуальных ориентации, кроме гетеросексуальности.

Гинекофобия— патологическая неприязнь к женскому (женщинам).

Гомосексуальность— сексуальная ориентация поведения на лиц своего пола.

Диморфизм— наличие в пределах одного и того же вида животных или растений двух более или менее резко различающихся форм.

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Дискриминация— процесс, посредством которого члены социально определенной группы воспринимаются нежелательно из-за их принадлежности к данной группе.

Дискриминация по полу— практика, посредством которой отдается предпочтение одному полу по сравнению с другим.

Дискурс— совокупность вербальных манифестаций, устных или письменных, отражающих идеологию или мышление определенной эпохи.

Евгеника(от гр. eugenes — благородного происхождения) — наука о методах влияния на человечество для совершенствования его природы.

Идентичность— базовая структура, характеризующая восприятие личностью собственной целостности, уникальности и неповторимости.

Инкультурация— приобщение к культуре.

Интеракционизм— взаимодействие различных направлений и факторов.

Ксенофобия— страх и враждебность перед всем чужим, иностранным.

Конвенциальный(от лат. conventio — соответствующий договору, условию) — соответствующий установившимся традициям.

Коннотация— устойчивая ассоциация, которую вызывает в языковом сознании говорящих употребление того или иного слова в данном значении.

Контекстуализм(от слова контекстуальный) — определяемый контекстом, зависящий от контекста.

Культура— макроявление, представляющее из себя комплекс нематериальных явлений и идей.

Контр-перенос— искажение психоаналитиком клинического материала в связи с собственными бессознательными тревогами.

Конструктивизм— теоретическое направление, утверждающее, в противоположность биодетерминизму, социально-культурную детерминацию разнообразных явлений (социальных структур, схем восприятия, мысли и действия) на уровне общества и индивида.

Конформизм— приспособление к существующим нормам, принятие господствующих мнений, некритическое следование общим тенденция и авторитетам.

Маскулинность— наборы желаемых психологических и поведенческих свойств и качеств, ожидаемых от мужчин в конкретном социально-историческом контексте.

Мизогиния— отрицательное отношение к женщинам.

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Сегрегация— вид расовой или национальной дискриминации; политика отделения людей по разнообразным признакам.

Сексизм— идеология и практика дискриминации людей по признаку пола; предубеждения против женщин.

Сексуализация— приписывание сексуальной привлекательности определенным объектам.

Схема— структура знаний, суммирующее изначальное знания и накопленный индивидуальный опыт в отношении того или иного класса стимулов и событий. Понятие введено Ж.Пиаже и Ф.К. Бартлетом в 30-е годы XX в.

Окси(ю)морон— стилистический оборот, в котором сочетаются семантически контрастные слова, создающие неожиданное смысловое единство.

Патриархат— господство мужчин над женщинами; строй, при котором существует дискриминация людей по признаку пола.

Пол— биологические характеристики мужчин и женщин. К половым характеристикам относятся анатомические, репродуктивные, хромосомные различия между мужчинами и женщинами на телесном, физическом уровне. Пол биологически детерминирован.

Политики— разнообразные способы управления людьми.

Регрессия— движение назад в своем развитии.

Релятивизм— методологический принцип, утверждающий относительность и условность знаний.

Транссексуализм— вариант соотношения между телесным полом и психическим гендером.

Феминизм— 1) целостная теория, связанная с характером глобального угнетения женщин; 2) социополитическая теория и практика, стремящаяся к освобождению женщин от дискриминации; 3) социальное движение, направленное на стратегическую конфронтацию с гедерно-классовой системой. Существует в форме множества направлений и разнообразных идеологических течений в защиту прав женщин, основанных на представлении о правовом равенстве полов.

Фемининность— наборы желаемых психологических и поведенческих свойств и качеств, ожидаемых от женщин в конкретном социально-историческом контексте.

Эпистемология(от эпистема — исторически изменяющаяся структура, определяющая условия функционирования сознания и культуры в конкретный исторический период) — теория познания.

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Экстраполяция— метод научного исследования, заключающийся в распространении выводов, полученных из наблюдения над одной частью явления, на другую его часть.

Эссенциализм— теоретическая концепция, в основе которой лежит идея о некоем данном (природой или богом), существующем вечно и неизменно.

Эпифеномен— побочное явление, сопутствующее другим явлениям, но не оказывающее на них никакого влияния.

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