Структурные типы основных галлюциногенов.
I. Производные фенилэтиламина
R1=R5=H, R2=R3=R4=OCH3:
3,4,5-триметокси-фенилэтиоамин
(составная часть пейота)=мескалин
R1=R4=OCH3, R2=H, R3=R5=CH3:
2,5-диметокси-4-метил-фенилизопропиламин=STP
(синтетическое вещество)
II. Производные индола
1. Производные триптамина
а) Alkyl=CH3: N,N,-диметилтриптамин (составляющая йопо и пр.)
б) Alkyl=C2H5, C3H7, C3H5: N,N,-диэтилтиптамин и пр. (синтетические вещества)
2. Производные гидрокситриптамина
1) Производные 4-гидрокситриптамина:
а) R=OPO3H, Alkyl=CH2: псилоцибин
R=OH, Alkyl=CH3: псилоцин (составляющие теонанакатля)
б) R=OPO3H, Alkyl=C2H5: CY-19
R=OH, Alkyl=C2H5: CZ-74 (синтетические вещества)
2) Производные 5-гидрокситриптамина:
а) R1=OH, R2=R3=CH3: буфотенин
б) R1=OCH3, R2=R3=CH3: 5-метокси-N,N,-диметилтриптамин
в) R1=OCH3, R2=H, R3=CH3: 5-метокси-N-метилтриптамин (составляющие йопо, кообы, эпены и пр.)
3. Производные цикличного триптамина
1) бета-карболиновые производные:
а) гармин
б) 3,4-дигидрогармин=гармалин
в) d-1,2,3,4-тетрогидрогармин (составляющие аяхуаски и пр.)
2) Проиводные лизергиновой кислоты
а) R1=R2=H: амид d-лизергиновой кислоты
б) R1=H, R2=CHOHCH3: гидроксиэтиламид d-лизергиновой кислоты (составляющая ололиуки)
в) R1=R2=C2H5: диэтиламид d-лизергиновой кислоты (=ЛСД-25) (синтетическое вещество)
3) ибогаин
(составляющая Tabernanthe iboga)
Илл. 28. Таблица индольных галлюциногенов. Из книги Денниса Маккены и Теренса Маккенвы “Невидимый Ландшафт” (New York: Seabury Press, 1975), С. 56-57.
Библиография.
ADAMSON, Sophia. (1985) Through the Gateway of the Heart. San Francisco: Four Trees Press.
ALLEGRO, John M. (1970) The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross. Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday.
AMMERMAN, Albert J. and CAVALLI-SFORZA, Luiga Lucca. (1984) The Neolithic Transition and the Genetics of Populations in Europe. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
BARTHOLIN, Thomas. (1661) Historiarum anatomicarum et medicarum rariorum. Copenhagen.
BEECHING, Jack. (1975) The Chinese Opium Wars. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
BENDER. Ernest, editor. “R. Gordon Wasson on Soma and Daniel H. H. Ingalls' Response.” New Haven: American Oriental Society, Publication №7
BURROUGHS. William. (1959) Naked Lunch. New York: Grove Press.
BURROUGHS, William, and GINSBERG. A. (1936) The Yage Letters. San Francisco: City Lights Books.
COX, George W. (1878) The Mythology of the Aryan Nations. London: C. Kegan Paul.
DE QUINCEY, Thomas. (1822) Confessions of an English Opium-Eater. London: MacDonald.
DE SEPTCHENES. Le Clerc. (1788) The Religion of the Ancient Greeks. London: Elliot and T. Kay.
DICK, Philip K. (1965) The Man in the High Castle. London: Penguin.
DOBKIN de RIOS. Marlene. (1972) Visionary Vine: Psychedelic Healing in the Peruvian Amazon. San Francisco: Chandler.
DOYLE, Arthur Conan. (1956) The Complete Sherlock Holmes. New York: Doubleday.
DROWER, E. S. (1956) Water into Wine. London: John Murray.
DUERR, Hans Peter. (1985) Dreamtime: Concerning the Boundary between Wilderness and Civilization. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
DUKE, James A.. AULIK. David, and PLOWMAN. Timothy. (1975) “Nutritional Value of Coca.” Botanical Museum Leaflets of Harvard University, vol. 24, no. 6.
EISLER. Riane. (1987) The Chalice and the Blade: Our History, Our Future. San Francisco: Harper & Row.
ELFERINK. Jan G. R. (1988) “Some Little-Known Hallucinogenic Plants of the Aztecs.” Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, vol. 20. no. 4.
ELIADE. Mircea. (1958) Yoga: Immortality and Freedom. New York: Pantheon.
ELIADE, Mircea. (1959) The Sacred and the Profane. New York: Harper & Row.
ELIADE, Mircea. (1964) Shamanism: Archaic Techniques of Ecstasy. Hew York: Pantheon.
EMBODEN, William. (1979) Narcotic Plants. New York: Macmillan. FAY. Peter Ward. (1975) The Opium War. New York: W. W. Norton.
FERNANDEZ. James W. (1982) Bwiti: An Ethnography of the Religious Imagination in Africa. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
FISCHER, Roland. HILL, Richard. THATCHER. Karen, and SCHUEB. James. (1970) “Psilocybin-Induced Contraction of Nearby Visual Space.” Agents and Actions, vol. 1. no. 4.
FLATTERY. David, and SCHMALTZ. Martin. (1989) Ahoy and Hard-line. Near Eastern Studies, vol. 21, Berkeley: University of California Press.
FREUD. Sigmund. (1963) The Cocaine Papers. Vine: Dunning Press.
FOURS. Peter. (1978) Hallucinogens and Culture. San Francisco: Chandler & Sharp.
GARROTE. D. A. E. (1957) The Maturing Culture: The Life and Economy of a Megalithic People in the Near East. Proceedings of the British Academy 43: 211—227.
GETTING, Fred. (1981) Dictionary of Occult, Hermetic, and Alchemical Sigils. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
GIMBUTAS. Marija. (1982) The Goddesses and Gods of Old Europe, 6500—3500 b.c.: Myths and Cult Images. Berkeley: University of California Press.
GRACIE. and ZARKOV. (1986) “An Indo-European Plant Teacher.” Notes from Underground 10, Berkeley.
GRAVES, Robert. (1948) The White Goddess. New York: Creative Age Press.
GRAVES, Robert. (1955) The Greek Myths. 2 vols. Baltimore: Penguin.
GRAVES, Robert. (1960) Food for Centaurs. Garden City. N. Y.: Doubleday.
GRAVES. Robert. (1964) Difficult Questions, Easy Answers. Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday.
GRINSPOON, Lester. and BAKALAR. James B. (1979) Psychedelic Drugs Reconsidered. New York: Basic Books.
GRISWOLD. H. D. (1923) The Religion of the Rigveda. London: Oxford University Press. GROF. Stanislav. (1980) LSD Psychotherapy. Pomona, CA: Hunter House.
GROF. Stanislav. (1985) Beyond the Brain: Birth, Death, and Transcendence in Psychotherapy. New York: State of New York Press.
GUENTHER. Herbert V. (1966) Tibetan Buddhism without Mystification. Leiden. Netherlands: E. J. Brill.
HAYTER, Alethea. (1968) Opium and the Romantic Imagination. Berkeley: University of CaliforniaPress.
HENRY. Donald Owen. (1973) The Natufian of Palestine: Its Material Culture and Ecology. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms.
HERER. Jack. (1990) The Emperor Wears No Clothes. Van Nuys, CA: Hemp Publishing.
HERODOTUS. (1901) Works. H. Cary. trans. London: George and Sons.
HOBHOUSE. Henry. (1985) Seeds of Change: Five Plants That Transformed Mankind. New York: Harper & Row.
HOFFER. A.. and OSMOND. H. (1967) The Hallucinogens. New York: Academic Press.
HOFFER. A.. and OSMOND. H. (1968) New Hope for Alcoholics. New York: University Books.
HOFMANN, Albert. (1983) LSD My Problem Child. Los Angeles: Tarcher.
HOOKE. S. H. (1963) Babylonian and Assyrian Religion. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
HUXLEY. Aldous. (1954) The Doors of Perception. New York: Harper.
HUXLEY, Aldous. (1977) Moksha: Writings on Psychedelics and the Visionary Experience. Michael Horowitz and Cynthia Palmer, eds. New York: Stonehill.
JACOBS, Barry L. (1984) Hallucinogens: Neurochemical, Behavioral, and Clinical Perspectives. New York: Raven Press.
JARRY. Alfred. (1965) Select Works of Alfred Jarry. Roger Shattuck and Simon Watson Taylor, eds. New York: Grove Press.
JAYNES, Julian. (1977) The Origin of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
JINDRAK, K. F., and JINDRAK. H. (1988) “Mechanical Effect of Vocalization of Human Brain and Meninges.” in Medical Hypotheses, 25. pp. 17—20.
JONAS, Hans. (1966) The Phenomenon of Life. New York: Dell.
JUDD, Elizabeth. (1980) “Hallucinogens and the Origin of Language.” Sociolinguistic Newsletter, vol. ii. pp. 7—12.
JUNG, С. G. (1953) Psychology and Alchemy. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
KAEGI. Adolf. (1886) The Rig Veda: The Oldest Literature of the Indians. Boston: Ginn.
KERENYI. Carl. (1976) Dionysos: Archetypal Image of Indestructible Life. Bollingen Series LXV. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
KLUVER, Heinrich. (1928) Mescal, the Divine Plant and Its Psychological Effects. London: Kegan Paul.
KOESTLER, Arthur. (1967) The Ghost in the Machine. New York: Macmillan.
KRIPPNER, S., and DAVIDSON. R. (1974) “Paranormal Events Occurring during Chemically Induced Psychedelic Experience and Their Implications for Religion.” Journal of Altered States of Consciousness 1:175.
KRUGER, Henrik. (1980) The Great Heroin Coup: Drugs, Intelligence, and International Fascism. Boston: South End Press.
LA BARRE, Weston. (1972) The Ghost Dane: Origins of Religion. New York: Delta Press.
LA WALL, Charles H. (1927) The Curious Lore of Drugs and Medicines through the Ages. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott.
LACROIX, J. F. de. (1772) Anecdotes Arabes et Musulmanes, Depuis I'An de J. C. 614. Paris: Vincent.
LAJOUX. Jean-Dominique. (1963) The Rock Paintings of Tassili. Cleveland: World.
LEARY. Timothy, and METZNER. Ralph. (1964) The Psychedelic Experience: A Manual Based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead. New Hyde Park. N. Y.: University Books.
LEE, Martin A.. and SHLAIN. Bruce. (1985) Acid Dream: The CIA. LSD. and the Sixties Rebellion. New York: Grove Press.
LEWIN. Lewis. (1931) Phantastica: Narcotic and Stimulating Drugs. New York: E. P. Dutton.
LEWIN. Roger. (1988) In the Age of Mankind. New York: Smithsonian Institution.
LEWIN. Roger. (1991) “Stone Age Psychedelia.” New Scientist. 8 June. pp. 30—34.
LHOTE. Henri. (1959) The Search for the Tassili Frescoes. New York: E. P. Dutton.
LUDLOW. Fitz Hugh. (1857) The Hasheesh Eater: Being Passage from the Life of a Pythagorean. New York: Harper & Brothers.
LUMSDEN. Charles J. and WILSON. Edward 0. (1983) Promethean Fire: Reflections on the Origin of Mind. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
LUNA. Luis Eduardo. (1986) Vegetalismo: Shamanism among the Mestizo Population of the Peruvian Amazon. Stockholm: Almquist & Wiksell.
LUNA. Luis Eduardo. and AMARINGO. Pablo. (1991) Ayahuasca Visions: The Religious Iconography of a Peruvian Shaman. Berkeley: North Atlantic Books.
MANDER. Jerry. (1978) Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television. New York: Quill.
MARCHETTI, Victor, and MARKS. John D. (1974) The CIA and the Cult of Intelligence. New York: Albert A. Knopf.
MASPERO. Gaston. (1894) The Dawn of Civilization: Egypt and Chaldea. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge.
MATHESON. Richard R. (1958) The Eternal Search: The Story of Man and His Drugs. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
MATOSSIAN, Mary Allerton Kilbourne. (1989) Poisons of the Past: Molds, Epidemics, and History. New Haven: Yale University Press.
MCCOY. Alfred W. (1972) The Politics of Heroin in Southeast Asia. New York: Harper Colophon Books.
MCKENNA, Dennis, and MCKENNA, Terence. (1975) The Invisible Landscape. New York: Seabury Press.
MCKENNA. Dennis. TOWERS. G. H. N.. and ABBOTT. F. S. (1984a) “Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors in South American Hallucinogenic Plants, Part I: Tryptamine and Beta-carboline Constituents of Ayahuasca.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 10:195—223.
MCKENNA. Dennis, TOWERS, G. H. N.. and ABBOTT. F. S. (1984b) “Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors in South American Hallucinogenic Plants, Part II: Constituents of Orally-Active Myristicaceous Hallucinogens.” Journal of Ethnopharmacology 12:179—211.
MELLAART. James. (1965) Earliest Civilizations of the Near East. New York: McGraw-Hill.
MELLAART. James. (1967) Catal Huyuk: A Neolithic Town in Anatolia New York-McGraw-Hill.
MILLER. Jean Baker. (1986) Toward a New Psychology of Women. Boston: Beacon Press.
MOYNIHAM. Martin. (1985) Communication and Noncommunication by Cephalopods. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
MORTIMER, W. Golden. (1974) History of Coca: The Divine Plant of the Incas. San Francisco: Fitz Hugh Ludlow Library Edition.
MUNN. Henry. (1973) “The Mushrooms of Language.” In Michael J. Harner. ed..Shamanism and Hallucinogens. London: Oxford University Press.
MYLONAS, George E. (1961) Eleusis and Eleusinian Mysteries. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
NARANJO. Claudio. (1973) The Healing Journey: New Approaches to Consciousness. New York: Ballantine.
NILSSON. Martin P. (1964) A History of Greek Religion. New York: W.W. Norton.
NEUMANN. Erich. (1955) The Great Mother: An Analysis of the Archetype. New York: Pantheon.
O'LEARY. De Lacy. (1949) How Greek Science Passed to the Arabs. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.
OMAN. J. Campbell. (1903) The Mystics, Ascetics, and Saints of India. London: T. Fischer Unwin.
OSS, О. Т. and OERIC. O. N. (1976) Psilocybin: The Magic Mushroom Grower's Guide. Berkeley: Lux Natura Press.
OTT. Jonathan. (1985) The Cacahuati Eater: Rumination of an Unabashed Chocolate Eater. Vashon, W.A.: Natural Products Co.
OTT. Jonathan, and BI.GWOOD, Jeremy. eds. (1978) Teonanacati: Hallucinogenic Mushrooms of North America. Seattle: Madrona Publishers.
OTTO. Walter F. (1955) “The Meaning of the Eleusinian Mysteries.” In Joseph Campbell. Eranos Yearbook Number Two: The Mysteries. New York: Pantheon.
OTTO. Walter F. (1965) Dionysus Myth and Cult. Bloonington: Indiana University Press.
PERSSON, Axel W. (1942) The Religion of Greece in Prehistoric Times. Berkeley: University of California Press.
PFEIFFER, John E. (1982) The Creative Explosion: An Inquiry into the Origins of Art and Religion. Ithaca. N.Y.: Cornell University Press.
PHELPS. Janice Keller. and NOURSE. Alan E. (1986) The Hidden Addiction and How to Get Free. Boston: Little, Brown.
RATSCH. Christian. (1984) Ein Kosmos im Regenwald. Cologne: Eugen Diederichs Verlag.
RATSCH, Christian. (1986) Ethnopharmakilogie und Parapsychologie. Berlin: Express Edition GmbH.
RATSCH. Christian, and MULLER-EBELING. Claudia. (1986) Isoldens Liebestrank Aphrodisiaka in Geschichte und Gegenwart. Munich: Kindler Verlag.
REKO, Victor A. (1987) Magische Gife, Rausch-und Betaubungsmittel der neuen Welt. Berlin: Express Edition GmbH.
RENFREW. A. Colin. (1988) Archaeology and Language: The Puzzle of Indo-European Origins. London: Cambridge University Press.
ROBICSEK. Francis. (1978) The Smoking Gods: Tobacco in Maya Art, History and Religion. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
RODRIGUEZ. E.. AREGULLIN. M.. UEHARA. S.. NISHIDA. Т.. WRANGHAM. R.. ABRAMOWSKI. Z.. FINLAYSON. A.. and TOWERS. G.H.N. (1985) “Thiarubrine-A. A Bioactive Constituent of Aspilia (Asteraceae) Consumed by Wild Chimpanzees.” Experentia 41:419—420.
RULANDUS. Martinus. (1612) A Lexicon of Alchemy or Alchemical Dictionary. Frankfurt: Zachariah Palthenus.
SAMORINI. Giorgio. (1989) “Etnomicologia nell'arte rupestre Sahariana (Periodo delle 'Teste Rotonde').” Boll. Camuno Notizie, vol. 6(2): 18—22. SAUR. Carl. (1973) Man's Impact on the Earth. New York: Academic Press.
SCHULTES. Richard Evans. (1939) “Plantae Mexicanae, II: The Identification of Teonanacati, a Narcotic Basidiomycete of the Aztecs.” Botanical Museum Leaflets of Harvard University 7:37—57.
SCHULTES, Richard Evans. (1973) The Botany and Chemistry of Hallucinogens. Springfield, Mass.: Charles C. Thomas.
SCHULTES, Richard Evans. (1982) “The Beta-Carboline Hallucinogens of South America.” Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 14:205—220.
SCHULTES. Richard Evans, and RAFFAUF. Robert F. (1990) The Healing Forest: Medicinal and Toxic Plants of Northwest Amazonia. Portland. OR: Dioscorides Press.
SETTEGAST, Mary. (1987) Plato Prehistorian. Cambridge: Rotenberg Press.
SHEVOROSHKIN, Vitaly. (1990) “The Mother Tongue.” The Sciences, May/June, pp. 20—27.
SIEGEL, Ronald K. (1977) “Religious Behavior in Animals and Man: Drug-Induced Effects.” Journal of Drug Issues, pp. 219—236.
SIEGEL. Ronald K. (1989) Intoxication. New York: E. P. Dutton.
SPRUCE. Richard. (1908) Notes of a Botanist on the Amazon and Andes (2 vols.). A. R. Wallace, ed.
STAHL, Peter W. (1989) “Identification of Hallucinatory Themes in the Late Neolithic Art of Hungary.” Journal of Psychoactive Drugs 21(0:101—112.
STEVENS, Jay. (1987) Storming Heaven: LSD and the American Dream. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press.
STEVENS. Wallace. (1981) The Collected Poems of Wallace Stevens. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
SUHR. Elmer G. (1967) Before Olympos. New York: Helios Books.
SZARA. Steven. (1957) Psychtropic Drugs. S. Garattini and V. Ghetti. eds..Amsterdam: Elsevier.
TAYLOR. Bayard. (1855) The Lands of the Saracen. New York: G. P. Putnam.
TREBACH. Arnold S. (1987) The Great Drug War. New York: Macmillan.
VARELA. Francisco J.. and COUTINHO. A. (1988) “The Body Thinks: How and Why the Immune System Is Cognitive.” The Reality Club. vol. 2. John Brickman. ed. New York: Phoenix Press.
WADDINGTON. С. Н. (1961) The Nature of Life. London: George Alien & Unwin.
WALEY, Arthur. (1958) The Opium War Through Chinese Eyes. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
WALTON. Robert P. (1938) Marijuana: America's New Drug Problem. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott.
WARE. James R. (1966) Alchemy. Medicine. Religion in the China of A. D. 320: The Nei Pien of Ко Hung. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
WASSON. R. Gordon. (1971) Soma: Divine Mushroom of Immortality. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
WASSON, R. Gordon. (1980) The Wondrous Mushroom: Mycolatry in Mesoamerica. New York: McGraw-Hill.
WASSON, R. Gordon. (1986) Persephone's Quest: Entheogens and the Origins of Religion. New Haven: Yale University Press.
WASSON. R. Gordon, and HEIM, Roger. (1958) Les Champignons Hallucinogenes du Mexique. Paris: Edition du Musee National d'Histoire Naturelle.
WASSON, R. Gordon, and HEIM, Roger. (1967) Nouvelles Investigations sur les Champignons Hallucinogenes. Paris: Editions du Musee National d'Histoire Naturelle.
WASSON. R. Gordon, and HOFMANN, Albert, and RUCK, Carl. (1978) The Road to Eleusis. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
WILSON. Edward 0. (1984) Biophilia. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
WILSON. H. H.. trans. (1928) Rig-Veda Sanhita (5 vols.) Poona. India: Ashtekar.
WINDHOLZ. Martha, ed. (1976) The Merck Index (9th ed.). Rahway, N.J.: Merck.
WINN, Marie. (1977) The Plug-In Drug. New York: Penguin.
ZAHNER. R. C. (1961) The Dawn and Twilight of Zoroastrianism. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.