Exercise 58 Choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph from the list of the headings.

1. Video formats

2. Film formats

3. 35mm vs. 16mm

4. Film editing

5. Filmmaking software

6. Film sound

7. How filmmaking cameras work

Exercise 59 Do the following statements agree with the information given in the text?

(YES/NO/NOT GIVEN)

1) Films are a number of photographs that are shown really fast.

2) A film frame can be of any shape.

3) Video cameras record only brightness.

4) 16mm offers a better and cheaper alternative.

5) American audiences prefer widescreen formats.

6) 35mm offers the best quality.

7) Recording sound while filming is not recommended.

8) There has not been any change in the sound recording equipment.

9) Color correction and editing are performed at the same time.

10) Film directors began to apply non-linear editing in the 80s.

11) Older analogue formats will never be used in filmmaking.

12) SD frame rate is higher that 24 frames per second.

13) HD is preferred is the film is shot for theatrical screenings.

14) A lot of HD cameras record sound perfectly as well.

Exercise 60 Choose from the sentences the one that fits each gap.

A) which is later matched to the film during the editing process

B) because they produce much lower quality images for about the same cost as digital video formats

C) which first defined and standardized it

D) then 1/60th of a second later the even horizontal rows of pixels are made into another picture

E) which images the scene onto the film by squeezing the image more horizontally than vertically

F) after it is no longer shown until the next picture appears

Exercise 61 Solve the puzzle.

(Martin Scorcese)

Exercise 62 Role-play a dialogue

Step 1. In pairs make up a summary of a story which you are going to film (100 words maximim).

Step 2.

Student A: You are a film director.

Student B: You are a director of photography.

Discuss various aspects of the shooting such as: film vs. digital cameras, budget, location, aspect ratio, special effects. Make up your own ideas to discuss.

Exercise 63 Translate into English.

1) К сожалению, этот оператор не обладает опытом работы с цифровым оборудованием.

2) Наш оператор никогда не снимал чёрно-белые фильмы.

3) Для киносъёмки существует множество различных форматов.

4) Наш оператор не понимает, почему режиссёр не просматривает материал, отснятый за день.

5) Его предыдущий фильм был снят на цифровую камеру за 10 дней.

6) Мы записали диалоги во время съёмочного периода.

7) Наш оператор предложил использовать стедикам для съёмки некоторых эпизодов.

8) О не только великолепно умеет работать с оборудованием, но и обладает лидерскими навыками.

9) Для работы над этим фильмом нам пришлось купить новую цифровую камеру.

10) Сейчас мы работаем надо новым проектом.

11) Широкоэкранный формат сейчас не очень популярен.

12) Над чем Вы сейчас работаете? – Мы сейчас не снимаем. У нас подготовительный период. Оператор изучает новую технику съемки, а сценаристы дорабатывают сценарий.

13) Когда Вы планируете начать съёмку? – Пока никто точно не знает: наш оператор-постановщик ищет подходящую натуру.

14) Он никогда не делал цветокоррекцию самостоятельно.

Exercise 64 Read the article

Film Sound designer

Sound designer is the person who is responsible forthe art of the sound.He is a creative technician and an artist. Sound designers work with dialogue, sound effects, foley, and their job is very important for a movie or any other multimedia project. In filmmaking a sound designer is a film crew member, and he is responsible of all the aspects of the movie soundtrack. The industry both inside and outside Hollywood demands more and more sophisticated soundtracks. So sound designers work with a team in order to make a complete sound job. Needless to say sound designers should be more creative.

Depending on the size and type of production, a sound designer may have many different jobs on a day-to-day basis, including communicating with the creative team, recording or finding sound effects, creating a soundtrack, or looking for new projects. In film, sound designers may work throughout the pre-production period, during the production schedule and in post-production .

One of the most important jobs of a sound designer is to communicate with directors or producers about the soundtrack. In film, TV, or commercial production, the designer may come on after shooting is completed in order to determine where and when sound effects are needed, based on the on-set recordings and the director's vision. Working with the creative team allows the designer to create a finished product that reflects the atmosphere of the production and helps the film communicate ideas through sound.

After an initial period of meetings, the designer may begin to hunt for the right effects for each episode. This may involve looking through sound libraries for appropriate effects, or even recording effects to match a particular sound. Depending on the size of the project, the sound designer may have sole responsibility for this task, or may have assistants and technicians that can manage some of the work.

Once the sound track is ready, the sound designer may be responsible for the final sound mix for the finished product. For film or TV productions, this may mean using advanced computer software to create a blended soundtrack that incorporates dialogue, effects, and music. Then the designer works almost like an orchestra conductor to ensure that the mix of sound is balanced and nuanced correctly. On large productions, the process of creating the final mix may actually be the work of several sound professionals, including mixers, editors, and supervisors, rather than a sole sound designer.

Most sound designers are freelance professionals, which means that a large part of their day-to-day work may involve searching for new projects. Freelance designers need to have basic advertising skills, as well as good communication skills, in order to attract new clients and find new jobs.