Russian equivalents of participles used as attributes
THE PARTICIPLE
FORMS AND FUNCTIONS
| Active | Passive | |
| Indefinite Participle (P1) | Asking | Being asked |
| Past Participle (P2) | Asked | -------------- |
| Perfect Participle | Having asked | Having been asked |
Indefinite Participle shows that the action named by the Participle takes place at the same time with that of the finite verb. These forms denote simultaneous action in the present, past and future.
Do you see the child waving the flag?
That day we stayed at home watching TV.
Past Participle has no tense distinctions; it has only one form which can express both an action simultaneous with and prior to the action expressed by the finite verb. In most cases it denotes priority or refers to no particular time.
He is a man loved and admired by everybody.
The dog carried by the child gave a sharp yelp.
Perfect Participle shows that the action named by the Participle preceded that of the finite verb. Its forms denote priority to a present, past or future action.
Having explained everything, I want to tell you how sorry I am.
Having finished the letter, he went to the post office.
The Participle has special forms to denote the Active and Passive Voice.
When writing letters, he doesn’t like to be disturbed.
Being written in pencil, the letter was difficult to read.
Having written the letter, he went to the post-office.
Having been written long ago, the manuscript was impossible to read.
RUSSIAN EQUIVALENTS OF PARTICIPLES USED AS ATTRIBUTES
Active
| Russian | English | Examples |
| Читающий, который читает | Reading | Look at this reading boy! |
| Читавший, который читал | Reading | We looked at the reading boy. |
| Прочитавший, который прочитал | Who had read | The boy who had read the poem now was taking part in the discussion. |
| Который будет читать | Who will read | We’ve never heard of the actor who will read the poems. |
Passive
| Russian | English | Examples |
| Применяющиеся, применяемые, которые применяются | Used | These are the methods used for metal treatment. |
| Применявшиеся, которые применялись раньше | Used | There were several methods used before the invention. |
| Примененные, когда были применены тогда | Used | This is the method used in the first experiment. |
| Применяемые, которые применяются в момент речи | Being used | What do you think of the method being used? |
| Которые будут применяться | To be used | The methods to be used in our new project are quite modern. |
RUSSIAN EQUIVALENTS OF PARTICIPLES USED AS ADVERBIAL MODIFIERS
| Russian | English | Examples |
| Читая, когда читаю, когда читал | (when/while) reading | (while) reading this book I always remember my own childhood. Reading this book I wrote out a number of useful expressions. |
| Прочитав, когда прочитал, потому что прочитал | Having read | Having read this book I learnt a lot. Having read this book I can tell you my opinion of it. |
Replace the attributive clauses by the Participle.
Model: All the people who live in this house are students. = All the people living in this house are students.
1. The man who is speaking now is our new secretary. 2. The apparatus that stands on the table in the corner of the laboratory is quite new. 3. The young man who helps the professor in his experiments studies at an evening school. 4. People who take books from the library must return them in time. There are many pupils in our class who take part in the performance.
Complete the sentences, using suitable constructions.
13.Did anyone see you ...? 2. I hope your friend didn't hear you ... 3. A huge crowd watched the firemen ... 4. We could feel the sun ... 5. "Don't worry!" said the doctor. "I'll soon have you ..." 6. You must have been very late last night. I didn't even hear you ... 7. The pickpocket was observed ,.. 8. High on the mountain, he could perceive three small figures ... 9. I searched the desk, and discovered the letter... 10. The woman caught her husband ... 11. Leave the car with me. I'll have it...
12. I was asked if I had noticed anyone ... 13. When his leg was examined, it was found ... 14. Where's my umbrella? [thought I left it... 15. Although the station was crowded, I soon spotted my friend ... 16. The assistant kept the customer... 17. The iron's far too hot! Can't you smell the material...? 18. I hope they won't keep us ... 19. They found the survivors ... 20. We all suddenly sensed danger...
HAVE SOMETHING DONE
| Have + object + Past Participle |
I have my coat cleaned every month.
We had the roof repaired yesterday.
They are having the house painted at the moment.
How often do you have your car serviced?
She has just had her car cleaned.
1. Did you cut your hair yourself? 2. Did they paint the garage themselves? 3. Did Jim cut that tree himself? 4. Did you repair the car yourself? 5. Do you clean your house yourself?
Translate into English
Вам надо отгладить и почистить костюм. 2. Мне надо сфотографироваться. 3. Здесь можно отдать в чистку плащ? 4. Вам не починят кран до понедельника. 5. Где вам шьют? 6. Где вам шили это платье? 6. У него украли документы в прошлом году. 8. Ей выкрасили кухню в светло-зеленый цвет. 9. Она сшила себе новое пальто. 10. Мне нужно сделать новую прическу.
THE PARTICIPLE
FORMS AND FUNCTIONS
| Active | Passive | |
| Indefinite Participle (P1) | Asking | Being asked |
| Past Participle (P2) | Asked | -------------- |
| Perfect Participle | Having asked | Having been asked |
Indefinite Participle shows that the action named by the Participle takes place at the same time with that of the finite verb. These forms denote simultaneous action in the present, past and future.
Do you see the child waving the flag?
That day we stayed at home watching TV.
Past Participle has no tense distinctions; it has only one form which can express both an action simultaneous with and prior to the action expressed by the finite verb. In most cases it denotes priority or refers to no particular time.
He is a man loved and admired by everybody.
The dog carried by the child gave a sharp yelp.
Perfect Participle shows that the action named by the Participle preceded that of the finite verb. Its forms denote priority to a present, past or future action.
Having explained everything, I want to tell you how sorry I am.
Having finished the letter, he went to the post office.
The Participle has special forms to denote the Active and Passive Voice.
When writing letters, he doesn’t like to be disturbed.
Being written in pencil, the letter was difficult to read.
Having written the letter, he went to the post-office.
Having been written long ago, the manuscript was impossible to read.
RUSSIAN EQUIVALENTS OF PARTICIPLES USED AS ATTRIBUTES
Active
| Russian | English | Examples |
| Читающий, который читает | Reading | Look at this reading boy! |
| Читавший, который читал | Reading | We looked at the reading boy. |
| Прочитавший, который прочитал | Who had read | The boy who had read the poem now was taking part in the discussion. |
| Который будет читать | Who will read | We’ve never heard of the actor who will read the poems. |
Passive
| Russian | English | Examples |
| Применяющиеся, применяемые, которые применяются | Used | These are the methods used for metal treatment. |
| Применявшиеся, которые применялись раньше | Used | There were several methods used before the invention. |
| Примененные, когда были применены тогда | Used | This is the method used in the first experiment. |
| Применяемые, которые применяются в момент речи | Being used | What do you think of the method being used? |
| Которые будут применяться | To be used | The methods to be used in our new project are quite modern. |