Useful phrases for presentation
Introduction: this stage where you explain the title of your research, importance and goal, give background information (who researched this problem before you), provide definitions and the scope of what you will cover.
Useful phrases
Today I would like to talk about…
This presentation will cover …
The theme of my presentation is…
My presentation is devoted to…
Actually, there is not great deal of research that has been carried out around this subject.
A great deal of research around this subject has been carried out.
In order to define…it is important to consider…
It can be defined as …..
It is beyond the scope of this presentation to include everything around…
There are three main points in my presentation which I would like to consider today.
My today talk is devoted to…
My today talk will be about…
Body: in this stage you show the research you have done, make relevant points.
Useful phrases:
It is important to consider…
It is worth considering…
It is obvious….
Let me begin by…
The results obtained by us show that…
This figure shows…
All data are given in the table…
As you can see from the figure…
Conclusion:in this stage you summarize each main point.
Useful phrases:
To summarize…
In conclusion…
I come the conclusion that…
It would appear that one solution can be...
Appendix 5
ФОРМУЛЫ ХИМИЧЕСКИХ СОЕДИНЕНИЙ
И УРАВНЕНИЙ ХИМИЧЕСКИХ РЕАКЦИЙ
Цифра перед обозначением элемента указывает число молекул и читается следующим образом: 2МnО2 [ʹtu: ʹmᴐlɪkju:lz əvʹemʹenʹou ʹtu:]
Знаки + и —, стоящие в левом верхнем углу, обозначают положительную и отрицательную валентность иона:
Н+ — hydrogen ion [ʹhaɪdrɪʤən ʹaɪən] или univalent positive hydrogen ion
[ʹju:nɪˏveɪlənt ʹpᴐzətɪv ʹhaɪdrɪʤən ʹaɪən]
Cu++ — divalent positive cuprum ion [ʹdaɪveɪlənt ʹpᴐzətɪv ʹkju:prəm ʹaɪən]
Al+++ — trivalent positive aluminium ion [ʹtri:ˏveɪlənt ʹpᴐzətɪv ˏæljuʹmɪnjəm
ʹaɪən]
Сl- — negative chlorine ion [ʹnegətɪv ʹklᴐ:ʹri:n ʹaɪən] или negative univalent
chlorine ion [ʹnegətɪv ʹju:nɪʹveɪlənt ʹklᴐ:ʹri:n ʹaɪən]
Знак — или : обозначает одну связь и не читается:
Знак = или : : обозначает две связи и также не читается:
Знак + читается: plus, and или together with
Знак = читается: give или form
Знак → читается: give, pass over to или lead to
Знак ↔ читается: forms или is formed from
Примеры
4KCI [ʹfᴐ: ʹmᴐlɪkju:lz əv ʹkeɪ ʹsi: ʹel]
4HC1 + O2 = 2C12 + 2H2O [ʹfᴐ: ʹmᴐlɪkju:lz əv ʹeɪtʃ ʹsi: ʹel ʹplᴧs ʹou ʹtu: ʹgɪv ʹtu:
ʹmᴐlɪkju:lz əv ʹsi: ʹel ʹtu: end ʹtu: ʹmᴐlɪkju:lz əv ʹeɪtʃ ʹtu: ʹou]
Zn + CuS04 = Cu + ZaS04 [ʹzed ʹen ʹplᴧs ʹsi: ʹju: ʹes ʹou ʹfᴐ: ʹgɪv ʹsi: ʹju: ʹplᴧs ʹzed
ʹen ʹes ʹou ʹfᴐ:]
PC13 + 2C1 → PC15 [ʹpi: ʹsi: ʹel ʹθri: ʹplᴧs ʹtu: ʹmᴐlɪkju:lz əv ʹsi: ʹel ʹgiv ʹpi: ʹsi:
ʹel ʹfaɪv]
H2 + Ʃ2↔2HƩ [ʹeɪtʃ ʹtu: ʹplᴧs ʹʤeɪ ʹtu: ʹfᴐ:m ənd α: ʹfᴐ:md frəm ʹtu: ʹmᴐlɪkju:lz əv
ʹeɪtʃ ʹʤeɪ]
C2H2 + H2O → CH3CHO [ʹsi: ʹtu: ʹeɪtʃ ʹtu: ʹplᴧs ʹeɪtʃ ʹtu: ʹou ʹgɪv ʹsi: ʹeɪtʃ ʹθri: ʹsi:
ʹeɪtʃ ʹou]
N2 + 3H2 ↔ 2NH3 [ʹen ʹtu: ʹplᴧs ʹθri: ʹmᴐlɪkju:lz əv ʹeɪtʃ ʹtu: ʹfə:m ənd α: ʹfə:md
frəm ʹtu: ʹmᴐlɪkju:lz əv ʹen ʹeɪtʃ ʹθri: ]
AcOH ↔ AcO- + H+ [ʹeɪ ʹsi: ʹou ʹeɪtʃ ʹfᴐ:mz end ɪz ʹfᴐ:md frəm ʹeɪ ʹsi: ʹᴐksɪʤən ʹaɪən ʹplᴧs ʹhaɪdrɪʤən ʹaɪən]
Appendix 6