IV. Agree or disagree with the following statements
1. Marine pipeline installation comprises a few activities.
2. The principal exercise is the joining of the individual pipe joints into a continuous pipe string.
3. To construct the complete pipeline it is necessary to perform offshore tie-ins to other pipe strings.
4. Large diameter pipelines are left on the seabed if they are can withstand common fishing gear interaction.
5. Pipelines close to installations and crossings are usually protected by plastic mattresses.
V. Put the words in order to make a sentence
1. In / North / Sea / the / backfilled / most / are / trenched / and / pipelines.
2. The / anchors / pipeline / be / controlled / can / by / on / the / seabed.
3. Large / pipelines / diameter / usually / left / are / on / the / seabed.
4. Spools / usually / are / Z-shaped.
5. The / commissioned / pipeline / be / must / by / and / pressure / cleaning / testing.
VI. Find the definitions to the following words
a) fabrication; b) commissioning ; c) trench; d) drilling.
VII. Imagine you are a reporter for oil and gas journal. Interview the specialist about main peculiarities of marine pipelines
VIII. Make grammar analyses of the sentence
These connections may be carried out on the seabed or above water.
IX. Find the examples of modal verbs and their equivalents in the text. What is the difference between them?
X. Give short answers to the questions
1. Does marine pipeline installation comprise fabrication of the pipe joints, bends and components through to preparation of the pipeline for commissioning?
2. Is the principal exercise the joining of the individual pipe joints into a continuous pipe string?
3. Is it necessary to perform offshore tie-ins to other pipe strings or to risers?
4. Are large diameter pipelines usually left on the seabed?
5. Are pipelines usually protected by concrete mattresses?
XI. Read the questions and fill in the correct word
1. … activities do marine pipeline installations include?
a) Where
b) What
c) When
2. … preparations of the pipeline for commissioning can you name?
a) What
b) Whose
c) Who
3. … is the principal exercise?
a) Which
b) What
c) Who
4. … may the principal exercise take place?
a) When
b) Where
c) Why
5. … is necessary to perform to construct the complete pipeline?
a) Who
b) What
c) Why
6. … are large diameter pipelines usually left on the seabed?
a) When
b) Why
c) Where
7. … must the pipeline be controlled by anchors on the seabed?
a) When
b) Why
c) Whose
8. … is the pipeline installed on the seabed connected to installations by spools?
a) When
b) Why
c) Who
XII. Answer the questions
1. Can you name any activities that marine pipeline installations comprise?
2. What preparations of the pipeline for commissioning do you know?
3. What are the peculiarities of the installation of the pipeline on the seabed?
4. What should be done to construct the complete pipeline?
5. How are the most North Sea pipelines trenched and backfilled?
6. In what cases are large diameter pipelines left on the seabed?
7. How are the pipeline controlled in areas with difficult seabed conditions?
8. How are the pipelines close to installations and crossings usually protected?
9. How is the pipeline installed on the seabed connected to installations?
10. Why are spools usually Z-shaped?
XIII. Give a short rendering of the text, using the words and phrases of the exercise I
XIV. Project (in written form)
Discuss the ways of control of the pipelines in difficult seabed conditions.
XV. Make an abstract of the text
Pipeline current mapper
Pipeline Current Mapper (PCM) is used to locate the pipe, identify areas of current loss, and the depth of cover of the buried pipe. A PCM attenuation curve along the buried piping could also be used to indicate the difference in coating resistance and the location of potential coating damage.
The PCM survey uses a low frequency 4 hertz (Hz) signal current to measure current attenuation characteristics as well as to locate pipeline electrical contact (shorts) to other buried metallic structures. A secondary 8 Hz signal provides current direction information when the PCM is used in the ACVG mode. The signal current is applied on the pipe by connecting a transmitter to the pipeline at a rectifier where there is low resistance to ground of the CP anode bed.
Pipeline sections with no CP can be connected to a transmitter that is grounded to any remote or semi-remote earthed metallic structure as long as it is not bonded to the AC ground grid or the pipeline. The attenuation of the current is measured and plotted over the length of the pipe after the pipeline is located and the depth of cover is recorded.
UNIT IX