Он собрался ответить, но
Примечание. Предлог about в сочетании с инфинитивом может употребляться в качестве определения: We were aboutto consider this problem. Мы собиралисьрассмотреть этот вопрос.
The problem about to be considered.................................................................
Вопрос, который собираются рассматривать,...........................................
Вопрос, который будет рассмотрен здесь, . . .
to go, to tend + to + инфинитив — стремиться, иметь тенденцию к осуществлению какого-л. действия: быть склонным.
The author tends toshow that. . . Автор склонен считать, что. . .
17 The Roman Conquest — Римское завоевание; завоевание о. Британии римскими легионами в 43 г. до н. э.
Примечание. Эти глаголы чаще всего употребляются для избежания категоричности стиля изложения и в переводе могут быть опущены:
All this goes to show that. . .
Все это показывает, что. . .
to come + to + инфинитив — начать (стать) что-л. делать, а также переводится глаголом с приставками «по-», «за-».
I have come to understand it only now. Я стал (начал) понимать это только теперь. We came to love him. Мы полюбили его.
to manage+to+инфинитив — суметь, смочь, ухитриться, удаваться что-л. сделать.
Не managed to overcome this difficulty. Ему удалось (он сумел) преодолеть эту трудность, to fail + to + инфинитив — не смочь, не суметь, не удаваться, не быть в состоянии что-л. сделать.
The author failed to show this difference. Автору не удалось показать это различие.
Примечание 1. Если существительное или местоимение, стоящее перед глаголом to fail, обозначает не лицо, то инфинитив смыслового глагола переводится с отрицательным значением:
These facts, however, fail to explain the cause of the process.
Однако эти факты не объясняют причину процесса.
Примечание 2. Существительное failure в сочетании с инфинитивом переводится: неспособность что-л. сделать, либо существительным с отрицательной приставкой:
Failure to realize this fact . . .
Неспособность понятьэтот факт. . .
Непонимание этого факта. . . .
Примечание 3. Сочетание «cannot fail + инфинитив» переводится: не может не . . .; сочетание «could not fail + инфинитив» — не мог не ... Также переводятся сочетания «cannot but, could not but + инфинитив»:
He could not fail to be influenced by this great painter.
Он не мог не оказаться под влиянием этого великого художника.
used+to+инфинитив — иметь обыкновение (обычно) при прошедшем времени:
I used to write with this pen last year.
Я (обычно) писал этой ручкой в прошлом году.
would + инфинитив — иметь обыкновение (бывало) при описаниях в прошедшем времени.
She would sitat the window for hours.
Она, бывало,часами сиделау окна. Она имела обыкновение. . . Она просиживала. . . .
Для характеристики действия употребляются также и некоторые другие глаголы, например:
to set out+to+Infinitive — намереваться; to be wont+to+Infinitive — иметь обыкновение; to cease+to+Infinitive — перестать; to go on + to + Infinitive — продолжать.
11. Дайте точный перевод составного сказуемого. I
1. As the Cave Four material flowed in, it became clear that its bulk was going to surpass by far anything found in the first Gave.
2. Goethe had come to know a bookseller, Fromann by name, with whose family and friends he found it pleasant to discuss art and literature.
3. Much to our surprise the seats for the first concert were sold out in advance. But as I was about to appear on the stage, the lights suddenly went out, leaving the audience in complete darkness.
4. Being a typical denizen of Russia, where the slow agricultural tempo prevailed, Goncharov could not but be struck by the pace of life he found in England.
5. Great respect was paid (in Old English times) to the art of alliterative verse, and it was a matter at least for private shame to have to leave the feast (as Cadmon at first was wont to do) before the harp was reaching you because you were unable to sing.
6. Sinan (the ancient Arabian doctor) organized a staff of physicians who would go from place to place carrying drugs and administering relief to ailing people.
7. However, with all his deep sympathy with suffering in any shape or form, the author has somehow failed to reproduce these feelings in his work . . .
8. The statues which came from the quarry — to be described later — used to stand on a platform about a yard and a half across at the top of the parapet.
4 Т. Н. Мальчевская 49
9. Athens,18 though still a centre of philosophical study and thought, had ceased to be of any direct importance at that time.
10. The art of picture writing later was developed to a high degree by some American Indian tribes, who would inscribe on the bark of trees complete pictorial histories of their expeditions.
11. The force of this conclusion will be apparent in the following chapter when we come to discuss the problem of invention.
12. Then, when that cave was explored, the party would have to move on to another, perhaps hundreds of feet above or below, and start afresh.
13. This kind of attitude goes to show that certain quarters in the West are not interested in an early settlement of the issue.
14. As time passed, most of the land that was reclaimed on the frontiers gradually came to be held by a few lords. As the nation grew, these reclaimed lands eventually formed the larger part of its area. Then as a reward for service or because of some special influence at court, individuals would be given estates to hand down to their descendants.
15. Then it became clear that ten thousands of pounds were going to be required to save this fabulous library.
16. A year later (1887), Andre Antoine, an amateur actor, founded Le Theatre Libre in Paris for the production of new plays which failed to attract the Commercial Theatre managers.
17. The business of which he was a director was about tо crash.
18. I never managed to get there, although I spent some time in one or two of neighbouring countries.
19. The wooded hills, the infinite variety of mountain valley, of lake and harbour and sea, could not have failed tо develop in some of those people a sense of the artistic.
II
20. This chapter sets out to describe characteristics of English which are not included in the previous nine chapters.
18 Athens ['"Tinz] — Афины.
21. By the middle of the nineteenth century the nation was ripe for change. Rumours of dissatisfaction and unrest were beginning to be heard. Some revolution was seemingly about to take place.
22. This region does not consist of large, smoky industrial towns such as one finds in the West of England, but of widely scattered market towns in which the wooden industry has managed to survive.
23. In my own country — Sweden — the house snake was extremely common, and only a few years ago there died a farmer of whom I know that he was wont to offer milk to the house snakes.
24. Sergey Gorodetsky writes that Khlebnikov would give his manuscripts to anyone who wanted them.
25. The author traces briefly the history of Japanese poetry in the Nara period, and then goes on to speak of the more recent poets.
26. Hugh 19 sent an embassy of twenty four knights to inform the governor that he was about to arrive and repeat his demand for a suitable reception.
12. При переводе обратите внимание на значение глагола to fail +инфинитив и существительного failure + инфинитив.
1. The knight now attempted to unsheath the sword in his belt, but his arm failed to obey his will, and he fell to the ground.
2. Wilde's 20 theory of life was not a deep one, and his plays are consequently a little artificial, and, as before mentioned, fail especially in character-drawing.
3. The stone artifacts 21 fail to show any consistency pattern of fracturing and could easily have been produced by one or more natural forces.
4. He (Dickens) sometimes failed as an artist, but the greater part of his work is sound in this respect.
5. Failure to realize this fact has led to many extravagant claims made by some enthusiasts.
6. These studies could not fail to throw light upon many an aspect of history and archaeology, but their im-
19 Hugh ['hju:] — Гуг, имя рыцаря-крестоносца.
20 Wilde — Оскар Уайлд.
21 artifacts — предметы, изделия.
mediate interest lay in what they told about human speech.
7. After his failure to relieve Nicae 22 the sultan had withdrawn eastward to gather his own force and to conclude peace and alliance with the Emir.
8. No one, examining the evidence of Greek failure, cultural and social-political, can fail to perceive how closely the two aspects are interwoven.
13. При переводе обратите внимание на значения глагола to use+инфинитив в зависимости от выполняемой им функции.
1. The men used to wear nothing but a wide belt of beaten bark.
2. The pictures which the Egyptians used to record events and to express ideas are called hyeroglyphics.
3. The children used to like sliding down the sides of volcanoes on tobbogans.
4. Once all ships used to come up the river to the ancient city, but now no ship whatever comes, and the tradesmen have gone away, and their wooden dwellings have been pulled down.
5. The same tendency to use the novel as a means of instruction or admonition has been used of late years by many authors.
6. When capitalism was still a progressive force, bourgeois thinkers used to believe that people could know more and more about the real world, and so control natural forces.
7. The signs used to indicate the tones are the very simple ones.
Инфинитив в функции второго дополнения. После некоторых глаголов в английском следуют два прямых дополнения; одно из них выражается существительным или местоимением, второе — инфинитивом. Чаще всего такие конструкции переводятся придаточным дополнительным предложением с союзами «что», «чтобы».
Два прямых дополнения обычно принимают следующие глаголы:
to order — приказывать
22 Nicae — Никея, город.
| to make to cause to force to induce to bring to compel to get to have to lead to let | заставлять, способствовать (тому, чтобы. . .), побуждать, делать так, чтобы. . . |
to allow — позволять
to enable — давать возможность
Примечание 1. Инфинитив после глаголов to make и to have употребляется без частицы to:
We madeMm return.