Особенности перевода страдательного залога от переходных глаголов
При употреблении в страдательном залоге некоторых переходных глаголов подлежащее английского предложения переводится предложным дополнением:
This languagewas spoken five hundred years ago. На этом языкеговорили пятьсот лет назад.
Наиболее употребительны следующие переходные глаголы, которым в русском языке соответствуют глаголы, принимающие предложное дополнение:
to address — обращаться к
to affect — влиять, воздействовать на, затрагивать что-л.
to answer — отвечать па
to approach — подходить к, рассматривать что-л.
to attend - присутствовать на, сопровождать, сопутствовать
to enjoy — получать удовольствие от •
to enter — входить, вступать в
to follow — следовать за, следить за, следовать чему-л., придерживаться чего-л., преследовать кого-л.
to join - присоединяться к
to judge -- судить о
to influence — влиять, воздействовать на
to penetrate — вступать в, входить в, проникать в
to speak — говорить на (каком-л. языке)
to succeed — следовать за, наследовать что-л.
to watch —- следить за, наблюдать
Упражнения
1. Переведите, предварительно установив, какого предлога требует глагол в русском языке.
1. We were joined by the others only two hours later.
2. The first question is readily answered.
3. He was addressed by a stranger.
4. He had been greatly influenced by Dutch painters.
5. This dialect is spoken only in the mountaneous part of the country.
6. Each poem of this kind is almost always followed by a short maxim,
7. This sacred room was penetrated only by the higher priests.
8. The problem of Greek decline may be approached from two sides.
9. Our (English) modern consonants are little affected by surrounding vowels.
10. We shall now see how the three departments of literature — prose, poetry and the drama — were affected by this new spirit.
11. The pronunciation of a few English words has been affected by modern French: for example, machine and police.
12. The authenticity of this document may be judged from several sources.
2. Переведите. Укажите залог и время сказуемого.
1. Everybody followed his example.
2. His example was followed by everybody.
3. One volume followed the other.
4. This volume was followed by a second one.
5. She has not followed your advice.
6. Your advice has not been followed.
7. Both men followed each other in silence.
8. The introduction is followed by the list of illustrations.
9. The majority of authors follow this simple rule.
10. This simple rule is followed by the majority of grammarians.
11. The police were following him for several hours.
12. He understood that he was being followed by the police.
3. Переведите предложения, учитывая разные значения глаголов to affect, to follow, to succeed.
1. The first revolutionary wave broke in 1825, in the entirely unsupported and unsuccessful mutiny of the Decembrists. It was followed by the long reaction of the reign of Nicholas I, during which rose the second wave.
2. Italy, within which at the dawn of history a multitude of different languages and dialects were spoken, achieved linguistic unity under the aegis of Rome.
3. As time went on, this culture tended to become rather less purely Greek, for it was penetrated to a greater or lesser degree by oriental elements.
4. Numerous foreign terms of civilized life appeared in old English times, and were joined in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries by a crowd of others connected with the church.
5. The method I have been describing in the text is, of course, one that is followed by all of us.
6. This glacial period was followed by a warmer interval known as the First Interglacial Stage.
7. Bulgarian art was in fact more closely affected by Constantinople than was the art of many of the numerous portions of the empire which never enjoyed 17 national independence.
8. «Lady Windermere's Fan» was a success. It was followed by «A Woman of No Importance»,18 produced at the Haymarket Theatre on 19 April, 1893.
9. If the correct syntactical punctuation is followed, the texts may be translated as follows.
10. The purpose of the present study is to examine the way in which Dickensian biography and criticism have been, affected in their development by the materials that were most easily available.
17 to enjoy — здесь: пользоваться.
18 Пьесы Оскара Уайльда: «Веер леди Виндермир» и «Женщина, не стоящая внимания».
11. These biographies were succeeded by the standard biography of Dickens, written by his friend John Forster which still remains the best written and the most reliable.
12. This king was succeeded by his eldest son Motokiyo, who died in 1455.
13. The houses of this small town are funny-shaped. Most of them are entered by a staircase, as the lower part is used as a fish-cellar.
14. In preparing this new edition the original arrangement has been followed in general outline.
15. The new schools of dramatists were largely influenced by the French drama and French fashions.
16. What is the main lesson of Hamlet? The question, I think, is answered in all essentials in the following passage.
17. If one and the same language is spoken in different communities, the tendency will be not only to change, but also to differentiation.
18. Mary I (1553—1558) died young and was succeeded by her Protestant half-sister Elizabeth I (1558—1603).