Ex. 7. Translate into your language.

1. He doesn’t seem to have been discouraged by his failure. 2. It seems that she knows French perfectly well. 3. It happened that he was at home. 4. It appears that the house was built in the eighteenth century. 5. It seemed that he knew the subject well. 6. It seems that the play has made a great impression on him. 7. It proved that he was a very experienced worker. 8. It happened that they met that very day.

Ex. 8. Open the brackets, using the correct form.

1. He seems (to read) since morning. 2. She seems (to work) at his problem since she came here. 3. He appears (to know) French well. He is said (to spend) his youth in Paris. 4. The enemy was reported (to overthrow) the defense and (to advance) towards the city. 5. They seem (to quarrel).I could hear their angry voices. 6. They are supposed (to work) at the problem for the last two month. 7. They seemed (to wait) for ages. 8. She seemed (to recognize) me.

Ex. 9. Recall the last news you have heard and tell it to your group-mates.

Example: The President is announced to have given a lecture to students of our university.

Ex. 10.Translate the following sentences, paying attention to the infinitive and infinitive constructions.

1. The United Nations’ principle function is to maintain peace and prevent war. The decision of the Yalta and Potsdam conferences pointed out the threat of militarism and aggression to the course of peace and security and provided a system of measures to eliminate sources of war and aggression.

2. Other areas of major concern relate to the seabed and ocean floor and mean to ensure their reservation for peaceful use.

3. Disputes are to be settled by peaceful means. Member states undertake not to use force or the threat of force in contraventions of the purposes of the UN.

4. States not-members of the UN are required to act in accordance with these principles so far as may be necessary for the maintenance of international peace and security.

5. The General Assembly is expressly authorized to deal with specific disputes and situations brought before it and to undertake studies and make recommendations for promoting international co-operation in political, social, cultural and educational matters for encouraging the development of international law and for assisting in the realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms.

Unit 5

Theme: Graphic design of Andre de Tulus-Lotre, Pier Bonar and Alfonce Mukha

Peter Berence – first professional designers

Grammar: Non-finite form of the verb – Participle I

Objectives: Introduction of new lexical material on theme “Graphic design of Andre de Tulus-Lotre, Pier Bonar and Alfonce Mukha Peter Berence – first professional designers” and fixing active vocabulary in speech exercises, development of skills of monological speech.

Discussion: Their biographies and works.

Introduction of new grammar theme “Participle I” and fulfilling grammar exercises. Revision of Present Continuous.

Ex. 1. Read the text.

Graphic design

Graphic design is an intellectual as well as a creative process, requiring critical and analytical thinking skills as well as abstraction. Graphic artists are adept at finding appropriate, appealing and effective visual solutions to communication problems. In fact, the goal of graphic design is efficient and expedient conveyance of an idea or message. To the casual observer, the graphic design process may appear to be nothing more than fun and games or an innate creative talent. Those with a greater understanding of the complex graphic design process appreciate the thoughtful reasoning and emotional energy that is put into creative problem solving.

Research Comes First

Graphic designers work on many different kinds of projects such as logos, catalogs, packaging, books, magazines and websites. All design projects begin with a blank sheet of paper or an empty computer screen. Starting with nothing, the graphic designer becomes an investigator and researcher. He must seek out information from various sources. This may involve interviews with a client, studying the competition and market research trips. It also requires staying connected to the world and paying attention to visual and multimedia communication trends and technology. Conceptualizing

Some graphic designers visualize a concept in their heads before they put a pencil to paper or turn on their computers. Others have to "think out loud" by sketching thumbnails or doing quick digital layouts. Most designers would say this exploratory part of the process is by far the most exciting.

Computers have greatly enhanced the graphic designer's ability to produce concept work that is highly representative of the finished product. Years ago, graphic artists labored to produce marker renderings, "marker comps," to present their ideas for feedback and client approval. Needless to say, time constraints limited the number of ideas that could be developed for each project. Computer graphics programs help artists to develop high-quality concepts quickly, freeing them up to approach a project from many different directions.

It is important to note that computers are not capable of designing anything. They are tools much like any other artist's media.

Composition and Design

Whether creating a logo or a magazine page, graphic designers must know how to select and arrange visual elements---type and images---to not only please the eye, but to also "lead" the eye through the composition. Graphic designers do not just "plop" things on a page. Rather, every element has a reason for being and a purpose for placement. Most professional graphic designers are trained in areas such as typography, color theory, drawing, composition and design as well as in computer graphics programs.

Presentation

In most cases, the graphic designer is preparing work for someone else. Therefore, he must be able to deliver quality representations of their concepts to other decision makers. This stage of the graphic design process usually involves physically presenting the work to a client and explaining the logic behind the art. Graphic designers must learn to accept criticism constructively and to be open-minded to others' suggestions.

Revision and Final Execution

Graphic designers are service providers. More often than not, clients request that changes be made to the original concept. Unless the changes are comprehensive, they can be incorporated into the final design.

Executing a design concept is transforming it into a finished, workable product. This requires a thorough knowledge of production processes. Many graphic designers specialize in a particular area such as print or web design.

Ex. 2. Find in the text words about building with prefixes (re-, un-, in-) and suffixes (-(e)s, -ed, -al, -ic, -(i)an, -ish, -ist, -ism, -ize, -ate, -th, -ing, -ant, -ly, -ion (-ation, -ition). Name the words from which they derive.

Ex. 3. Scan the text “Professional Graphic Designs” and tell its general idea. Then pick the key words from the text to provide your answer.