Now return to your original partner and share and talk about what you found out. Make mini-presentations to other groups on your findings

Writing

Make a poster about chocolate and how it is used for health around the world. Show your work to your classmates the next lesson.

Write a magazine article about two people who love chocolate. Include imaginary interviews with them. Write down any new words and expressions you hear from your partner(s).

Revision

1. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the unit:

Шоколад – любимое лакомство всех на свете. В среднем человек за свою жизнь потребляет 10 тыс. плиток шоколада. Даже собаки не отказываются от кусочка шоколада. Бывают люди, которых можно назвать даже шоколадоголиками, и отсутствие шоколада в их рационе очень болезненно для них.
Недостаточное количество витаминов нужно восполнять за счет овощей, например, за счет кабачков, цветной капусты, редиски, сельдерея, за счет фруктов, например, лайм, киви, персики, а не за счет витаминных комплексов в виде таблеток.
Специалисты утверждают, что недостаточное количество мяса и мясных продуктов может спровоцировать анемию.
Эксперименты с едой могут закончиться неудачно, поэтому пробуя экзотические блюда, например, запеченную кобру или жареных тараканов, готовьтесь, что Вам без таблеток не обойтись.
Я бы хотел жаркое из ягнёнка, а моя жена будет лосося в пряном соусе.
Не у всех есть деньги, которые можно просто так потратить, сходив пообедать в ресторан, когда же это случается, они чувствуют, что им чрезвычайно повезло.
Мои родители раньше экспериментировали с едой. Мы всегда пробовали приготовить что-то новое. И благодаря нашим семейным ужинам я научилась ценить еду. Я думаю, что счастливое детство (а оно именно таким у меня было) дает гармоничный взгляд на еду и мир в целом, а в особенности на себя как на личность.
Рождественский ужин в США обычно состоит из индейки, ветчины, яблочного пирога, орехов и фруктов.
Моя подруга – вегетарианка, и поэтому она обычно ест овощи, фрукты, молочные продукты и иногда рыбу.
Я сейчас на диете и поэтому съем только немного вареного мяса и овощей.
Мне налили чашку крепкого горячего кофе из серебряного кофейника и на тарелку из старинного фарфора положили кусок торта.
Моя бабушка прекрасно готовит; особенно ей удается утка с тушеной кислой капустой.
Я не получил никакого удовольствия от обеда, т.к. суп был водянистый, заливная рыба безвкусная, а мясо пережаренное.
Официант порекомендовал нам на первое грибной суп со сметаной, на второе – копченого лосося с картофелем-фри, а на десерт – мороженое с малиновым сиропом.
Стол уже накрыт. Тарелки, ножи и вилки разложены, хлеб нарезан, бутылки с вином открыты. – а где же соль, перец и горчица? Ты, как всегда, о них забыла.

Unit 6. TIME

Vocabulary

Look up the translation of the following words and word combinations in the dictionary:

1) casual (adj) A casualattitude is one that is not very strict.

2) category (n) She writes a list of things to do and then organises them into categories.

3) a chain of supermarkets Julie Rost is chief executive of a chain of supermarkets.

4) a comfort(n) Lists are a comfortto me because I feel I won’t forget things.

5) complain (v) I am writing to complainabout the damage caused by your company when they delivered my sofa.

6) confirm (v) We would be grateful if you could confirmyour reservation in writing.

7) damage (n) I am writing to complain about the damagecaused by your company when they delivered my sofa.

8) disastrous (adj) Disastrousresults are results that are very bad.

9) dividing wall(n) An open-plan office is an office without dividing walls.

10) downside(n) The downsideof working from home is that I have to phone somebody if I want a chat.

11) effectively (adv) What time of day do you work most effectively?

12) global warming(n) Global warmingis damaging the environment.

13) grab (v) He grabbedan envelope and scribbled a list on it.

14) high-powered(adj) A high-poweredjob is one in which you have a responsible position and are very busy.

15) irregular (adj) I don’t mind working irregularhours as I love my job.

16) list-maker (n) There are two types of list-makers: those who make orderly lists and those who write them in a panic!

17) orderly (adj) An orderlylist is neat and well-arranged.

18) personal organiser (n) A personal organiseris a book, like a diary, in which you write appointments.

19) rigid (adj) A rigidattitude is the opposite of a casual attitude.

20) scribble (v) He grabbed an envelope and scribbleda list on it.

21) service-oriented (adj) Service-orientedpeople are people who are interested in customers and their needs.

22) set in (phr v) Some people wait until panic sets inbefore making a list.

23) set to work on sth Type A makes lists and calmly sets to work onthem.

24) sigh with relief (phr) Type B sighs with reliefwhen they have written a list, and then loses it!

25) stress level (n) People with a casual attitude to time-keeping usually have low stress levels.

26) take pride in sth Flight attendants should take pride intheir appearance.

27) at the top of the agenda The Global Earth Party puts the environment at the top of the agenda.

Business Letters

1. apply (for) (v) I would like to apply forthe position of IT assistant.

2. attend (v) I would be pleased to attendan interview at any time convenient to you.

3. enclose (v) I enclosemy curriculum vitae for your attention.

4. for your attention(phr) I enclose my curriculum vitae for your attention.

5. in response to (phr) I am writing in response toyour advertisement in The Guardian.

6. I look forward to hearing(phr)I look forward to hearing from youas soon as possible.

7. from you.

8. I would be pleased to ...(phr) I would be pleased toattend an interview at any time convenient to you.

9. I would like to apply for...(phr)I would like to apply forthe position of IT assistant.

Phrasal verbs

1) calm sb downMaking lists is relaxing – it calms you down.

2) come up with sthA couple of years Jane Levy came up witha new system.

3) cross sth offIf you cross something offa list, you delete it.

4) get byFew people with high-powered jobs get bywithout lists.

5) put (sth) off If you put something off, you delay it.

6) rely onA lot of people rely onpersonal organisers in order not to forget things.

Time Expressions

1) be ahead of schedule If you are ahead of schedule, you are making good time.

2) Better late than never. “Better late than never” is a proverb meaning that it is better to do something late than not at all.

3) the day after tomorrow Today is Monday – the day after tomorrowis Wednesday.

4) the day before yesterday Today is Monday – the day before yesterdaywas Saturday.

5) The early bird catches the worm is a proverb meaning that you do more if you get up early. “The early bird catches the worm”

6) have time to spare If you have time to spare, you have enough time left to do something.

7) in good time If you are in good time, you are early.

8) in time for We arrived just in time forthe beginning of the meeting.

9) in two/three days’ timeI’ll give you a call in two or three days’ time.

10) kill timeI arrived early at the airport so killed timeby having a cup of coffee.

11) leave something until the last minute Leaving things until the last minutemakes you feel stressed.

12) be making good timeIf you are making good time, you are ahead of schedule.

13) meet deadlinesI prefer to meet deadlinesin good time.

14) the (Sunday) after nextWe’re having a barbecue the Sunday after next.

15) not have much time leftHurry up! We haven’t got much time left.

16) one at a timeStop pushing, children! One at a timethrough the door.

17) prioritise (v) If you prioritisethings, you put them in order of importance or in the order in which they need to be done.

18) promptly (adv) If you do something promptly, you do it immediately.

19) punctual (adj) If you are punctual, you always arrive on time for meetings or other appointments.

20) repeatedly (adv) If you do something repeatedly, you do it time and time again.

21) be ruled by the clock I love being on holiday – I hate being ruled by the clock.

22) be running out of time If you are running out of time, you do not have much time left to do something.

23) There’s no time like the present. “There’s no time like the present” is a proverb meaning that the best time to do something is now.

24) time and time again The Global Earth Party have asked the government the same question time and time again.

25) time flies If time flies, it goes very quickly.

26) time-keeping (n) If you have a healthy attitude to time-keeping, you do things on time but your life is not ruled by the clock.

27) time-saving The article on p. 50 is about time-savingtips that help you not to waste time.

28) waste precious time Jane used to write lists, forget where she put them, and then waste precious timelooking for them!

29) the weekend before last We went to Paris for two days the weekend before last.

Work

1) extra pay(n) Unfortunately we don’t get extra payfor working overtime.

2) flexible hours(n pl) If you work flexible hours, you can start and finish work when you like.

3) have a break (phr)When you’re working to a deadline, you can’t always find time to have a break.

4) head office(n) He works for an American law firm whose head officeis in Washington DC.

5) the lunch hour(n) Sometimes I’m so busy I work right through the lunch hour.

6) newsroom (n) A newsroomis an office where journalists work.

7) open-plan office(n) Open-plan officescan be very noisy.

8) qualifications (n pl) You don’t have to have any particular qualificationsfor this job.

9) shift (n) I hate working the night shift!

10) training course (n) You have to go on a training courseto be a train driver.

11) work overtime (phr) Unfortunately we don’t get extra pay for working overtime.

12) work to a deadline (phr) When you’re working to a deadline, you can’t always find time to have a break.

13) work unsociable hours (phr) I often work unsociable hours– at nights or at weekends.

Supplementary Reading

Job hunting

Resume

An excellent resume may help you get the job of your dreams and a poor resume may mean a lost opportunity.

Since this is the first piece of information a company will receive about you, it is critically important that your resume be well-written.

It should be presented at the beginning of any interview that you have with a company. Ideally, resume should not be longer than one page.

The contents of a resume can be roughly categorized as: 1) personal information (address and telephone number), 2) job objective, 3) education, 4) experience, 5) skills, 6) extracurricular activities, 7) references.

The resume begins with personal information, name, address, and telephone number centered at the top page.

After your address, a statement of intent or job objective should be written. This objective should be well thought out from the very beginning since it will influence how you will write the rest of the resume. It should not be too general, e.g.: “To obtain a managerial position in a Western company.”

Think about your job search and career goals carefully; write them down in a way that shows you have given this much thought.

For example: “Objective: To obtain a position in telecommunication that will allow me to use my knowledge of engineering and take advantage of my desire to work in sales.”

Notice that your desire to have a well-paid job is not included in this statement. A focus on money in your résumé’s first reference will not make the best impression anywhere in the world.

After the statement of intent, describe your education.

List the universities, institutes and colleges you have attended in reverse chronological order.

Any studying you have done abroad should be included and courses that you have taken that are relevant. I f you graduated with honours, you should definitely include this. A “red diploma” can be called “graduated with honours” in English. Do not include your high school.

Your working experience is the next section. List your experience starting with your most recent place of employment and work backwards.

Spell out the exact dates of employment, your position, and the name of the company you worked for.

Provide information about your responsibilities, emphasizing important activities by listing the most relevant to your objective. Do not use complete sentences! List your responsibilities in short statements that do not include the words “my” or “I”.

Following experience, you should list your special skills. These include your language skills, computer abilities, and any other talent that relates to your statement of intent.

When describing your language abilities, it is best to be honest about assessing your level., “Fluent English,“ “native Russian,” “intermediate German, ” “beginning French” are all ways to describe your language abilities.

Extracurricular activities should be included in the next section. Student or professional organizations you belong to, travel, sports and hobbies should be listed here.

Do not list “reading” or “writing” as an activity. It is assumed most people with a higher education do these things regularly.

The last section of your resume is the reference section. List at least two people, not related to you, who can describe your qualification for the job.

Their names, titles, places of work, and telephone numbers should be included. If you do not have space on your resume for this, write “Available upon request.” You will then be expected to give this information to a prospective employer if it is requested.

The style and format of a resume are extremely important. Your resume must be typed, preferably on a computer in order to format it most effectively. A neat and well-written resume with no spelling mistakes will give an employer the impression that you are accurate and take care of details.

Exercises on the text:

1. Find English equivalents in the text:

1) потерянная возможность; 2) первая информация; 3) машинописная страница; 4) информация о себе; 5) цель, которую вы ставите при поисках работы; 6) занять должность; 7) высокооплачиваемая работа; 8) произвести благоприятное впечатление; 9) заявление о намерениях; 10) в обратном хронологическом порядке; 11) закончить с отличием; 12) начиная с; 13) последнее место работы; 14) следуйте в обратном (хронологическом) порядке; 15) увлечения (занятия в нерабочее время); 16) могут быть представлены при необходимости; 17) быть вызванным на собеседование; 18) заявление (письмо к нанимателю).

2. Fill in the spaces with prepositions or adverbs where necessary:

1. Spell … the exact dates of employment.

2. It should be presented … the beginning of any interview.

3. It is best to be honest … assessing your level.

4. The resume begins … Personal information.

5. If you graduated … honours, you should definitely include it.

6. Name, address are centered … top of the page.

7. Give the full name of the company you worked … .

8. The job objective should be well-thought … from the very beginning.

9. The resume should be typed … a computer.

10. List the places you studied at … reverse order.

11. An applicant should take great care … details.

12. There are several ways … looking … a job.

13. If you’ve chosen the right way, it’s possible to count … success.

Revision

1. Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the vocabulary of the unit:

1. Чтобы попасть на собеседование с представителем компании, вы должны разослать ваше резюме в разные компании и агентства.

2. Резюме должно быть правильно составлено, т.к. это первая информация, которую компания получает от вас.

3. Неправильно составленное резюме – это потерянная возможность получить работу.

4. Вы должны указать точные даты, должности и места работы.

5. Резюме не должно быть длинным, не более одной машинописной страницы.

6. Необходимо перечислить все места вашей учебы в обратном хронологическом порядке. В этот список можно включить все прослушанные курсы, относящиеся к данной должности.

7. Укажите последнее место работы и следуйте в обратном порядке.

8. Цель получения данной работы не должна быть сформулирована в слишком обобщенном виде.

9. Если вы окончили университет с отличием, укажите это в разделе « образование».

10. Указав имена, адреса и телефоны людей, которые могут дать вам рекомендацию, вы можете написать: «могут быть представлены при необходимости».

11. Резюме посылается с письмом к работодателю.

12. Конечно, резюме не предоставит вам работу, но оно поможет вам быть приглашенным на собеседование.

13. «Получение высокооплачиваемой работы» - не должно быть указано как главная цель получения работы. Это произведет неблагоприятное впечатление.

1. Люди, которые помешаны на работе, быстрее достигают успеха в карьере.

2. Очень тяжело работать посменно, особенно в ночные смены.

3. У меня никогда не бывает срочных заданий, я всегда занимаюсь рутиной.

4. Я гид. Я рад, что я никогда не сижу целый день в офисе, а постоянно встречаюсь с новыми людьми.

5. Я сочувствую тем, кто работает на бесперспективных работах.

6. Мой друг работает клерком в банке, у него нормированный рабочий день, а он так мечтает о гибком графике.

7. Некоторые люди не ходят на работу вообще, эти везунчики – работники удаленного офиса.

8. Считается, что во всех компаниях существует неофициальная иерархия.

9. Многие претенденты на работу мечтают о гибком графике, высокооплачиваемой работе и иметь отличные отношения с коллегами.

10. Составлять список дел по порядку – очень монотонная и рутинная работа.

11. У меня никогда не бывает срочных заданий, я все успеваю делать в срок. Я никогда не оставляю на завтра, что могу сделать сегодня.

12. Стресс-интервью вводит в ступор любого кандидата, оно характерно для компаний с неофициальной иерархией и не очень хорошими взаимоотношениями.

13. Опыт работы следует писать в обратном хронологическом порядке.

14. Однообразная работа в ночную смену заставляет меня думать только об ее окончании.

15. Она работает в дневную смену, поэтому приходит домой во время.

16. Время летит, когда тебе хорошо.

17. Чтобы получить хорошую должность, следует составить превосходное резюме. Итогом же плохого резюме будет потерянная возможность.

18. Если вы закончили с красным дипломом, Вам следует это указать (включить).

Listening

1. Before listening to the article “US Fat Cats Quizzed Over High Salaries” think and answer the question: “Which job should get the highest salary/benefits?” Fill in this table. Work with your partner(s) and discuss your results:

Job	Salary	Holidays	Working hours	Overtime
Bank CEO
Nation’s president
English teacher
Movie star
Heart surgeon
Farmer

Student A strongly believes that there should be no limit on CEO salaries; Student B strongly believes it is wrong for a CEO to be paid millions of dollars. Share all pros and cons of the statements with your partner.

3. Match the following synonyms from the article “US Fat Cats Quizzed Over High Salaries” you are going to listen to:

1) former	a) led
2) tough	b) resulted in
3) headed	c) cave-in
4) collapse	d) nosedived
5) consequences	e) bulk
6) led to	f) ex
7) targeted	g) effects
8) plummeted	h) tricky
9) majority	i) gone through the roof
10) rocketed	j) singled out

4. Match the phrases from the article “US Fat Cats Quizzed Over High Salaries” you are going to listen to. Sometimes more than one choice is possible. Listen and check if you were right:

1) facing	a) goodbyes
2) million-dollar golden	b) a different set of rules
3) lost their homes in America’s	c) plummeted
4) live in a world where economic	d) are highly overpaid
5) executives seem to live by	e) housing collapse
6) their decisions led to huge,	f) tough questions
7) CEOs were being targeted	g) billion-dollar losses
8) share values	h) from 1980 levels
9) Americans believe their business leaders	i) security is uncertain
10) This figure has rocketed	j) as “bad guys”

5. Listen to the article “US Fat Cats Quizzed Over High Salaries”. Decide if the statements below are true (T) or false (F):

Lions and tigers in U.S. zoos are to start getting a salary.
U.S. CEOs were well paid even though their companies did badly.
Two CEOs got million-dollar leaving gifts from their companies.
A U.S. politician said all American workers live by the same rules.
Democrat politicians asked why CEOs always got huge salaries.
A Republican politician said CEOs were bad guys in business.
Most Americans think CEO salaries are fair and not too high.
CEOs earn 600 times more than an average American worker.

6. Listen to the recording once again and reproduce how the words below were used in the article:

1) tough

2) packages

3) late

4) collapse

5) unequal

6) rules

7) focused

8) perform

9) questions

10) plummeted

11) highly

12) levels

Discussion

1. Discuss in pairs:

1. What did you think when you read the headline?

2. What springs to mind when you hear the abbreviation ‘CEO’?

3. How does someone become a CEO?

4. What do you think of the CEOs in this article getting millions of dollars, even though their companies lost billions of dollars?

5. Do you think you’ll ever get a golden goodbye, or a golden hello?

6. What do you know about America’s housing collapse and the credit crunch?

7. Do you think America is an unequal society?

8. Do people in your country live by different sets of rules?

9. Do you think there should be a limit to how much someone can earn?

10. Did you like reading this article?

11. Do you think pay should be related to performance for all jobs?

12. Are the CEOs whose companies lost billions of dollars really bad guys?

13. What does a CEO do all day?

14. Do you feel sorry for the CEOs who lost a lot of money when their shares lost value?

15. Who is overpaid in your society?

16. What do you think of the fact that CEOs get paid 600 times more than average workers in America?

17. What questions would you like to ask the CEOs?

Writing

1. Write a magazine article (250-280 words) about two very different people in your society who live by different sets of rules. Correct your partner’s paper. Read what you wrote to your classmates the next lesson. Write down new words and expressions.

2. Write a letter to a CEO. Ask her/him three questions about her/his job. Give her/him your thoughts on her/his multi-million-dollar salary. Read your letter to your partner(s) next lesson. Your partner(s) will answer your questions.

Relax

1. Read the poem and learn it by heart:

W. H. Davies

Leisure

What is this life if, full of care,

We have no time to stand and stare.

No time to stand beneath the boughs

And stare as long as sheep or cows.

No time to see, when woods we pass,

Where squirrels hide their nuts in grass.

No time to see, in broad daylight,

Streams full of stars, like skies at night.