COMPLEXES with the INFINITIVE
The infinitive may have a subject of its own within the sentence. In this case it forms with it a construction called a complex . The relations between the elements of the complex are predicative. The infinitive forms three such complexes.
THE COMPLEX OBJECT
(The Objective with the Infinitive Construction. The Accusative with the Infinitive.)
This complex consists of a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the objective case and the infinitive mostly Indefinite or Passive . This complex is always an object in the sentence. It is mostly translated into Russian by an object clause.
It is used after verbs denoting:
a) sense perception
to see
to hear smb do smth
to notice
to watch
to feel
* I saw Brown enter the room.
* I felt the blush rush into my cheeks.
b) mental activity
to know
to think smb to do smth
to consider
to believe
* Everybody expected Pete to marry Ann.
c) declaring
to pronounce smb to do smth
to declare
* She declared him to be a pleasant child.
d) wish and desire
to wish smb to do smth
to desire
to mean
to intend
* I don`t mean you to learn this poem by heart.
* I want you to come and dine with us.
e) emotion
to like smb to do smth
to dislike
to hate
to bare
* I dislike you to talk like that.
* I cannot bear you to speak of that.
f) order and permission
to allow smb to do smth
to permit
to forbid
to let smb do smth
* He ordered his luggage to be ready early in the morning.
g) compulsion
to make smb do smth
to have ( распорядиться )
* We hadher do the work at once.
to cause (заставлять) smb to do smth
to get (заставлять, убеждать)
* He caused her to do that.
* I cannot get her to finish her lessons.
THE COMPLEX SUBJECT
(The Subjective with the Infinitive Construction. The Nominative with the Infinitive.)
The complex consists of a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the nominative caseand any of the six forms of the infinitive. The complex is considered to be the subject of the sentence. Its Russian equivalent is in most cases a subordinate clause.
* Shewas seen to leave the house.
Видели, как (что) она выходила из дома.
or
Ее видели, когда она выходила из дома.
1.
seen
is heard
smb was expected to do smth
will be told to be done
ordered
asked
allowed
The Russian equivalent is: кого - то видели ..., кому - то позволили ...
* The rider was seen to disappear in the distance.
* She was expected to be back any minute.
2.
considered to do smth
is known to be done
smb was supposed to be doing
will be believed to have done
reported to have been done
said to have been doing
The Russian equivalent is: считали, что ...; полагали, что ...
* He was thought to be clever and kind.
* She is supposed to have been taken to hospital.
3.
sure to do smth
is certain to be doing smth
smb was bound to be done
will be (not) likely to have done smth
to have been doing smth
to have been done
The Russian equivalent is: конечно, обязательно, вряд ли, непременно...
* He is sure to marry her.
* The old man wasn`t likely to have made a mistake.
* The film is bound to be remembered.
4.
seems , seemed , will seem to do smth
appears , appeared , will appear to be done
smb happens , happened , will happen to be doing smth
------ proved , will prove to have done smth
------ turned out , will turn out to have been doing smth
The Russian equivalents are : seem , appear - казаться
happen - случаться
prove , turned out - оказаться
* They seemed to have quiteforgotten him already.
* The experiment proved to be a failure.
NOTE: The negative statement is formed by adding the negation to the predicate and not to the infinitive.
* He doesn`t seem to know it.
THE FOR - PHRASE
The for - phrase consists of three elements: the preposition for, a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the objective case and an infinitive. The for - phrase has different syntactical functions in the sentence.
The Subject
1.
hard
easy
it is good for smb to do smth
was bad for smb to be doing smth
will be important for smth to be done
impossible
not
* It will be best for her to go back home.
* It`s silly for you to be asking me questions.
* It`s not for me to say so.
2.
nice
kind
it is sensible of smb to do smth
was silly
will be stupid
tactless
* It was silly of you to ask that question.
* It`s nice of you to say so.
The Object
1.
to long
to wait
to arrange for smb to do smth
to mean
to be anxious
* I have arranged for you to have a private room.
* I`m anxiousfor you to succeed.
2.
difficult
to make easy
to think it necessary for smb to do smth
to believe important
best
* He thinks it best for you to stay here.
The Attribute
1.
somebody
nothing for smb to do smth
anyone
* There is no one for the children to play with.
* There is nothing else for me to say.
2.
man
thing for smb to do smth
time
place
* It si not the right time for us to speak about it.
* It was the only thing for me to do.
The Adverbial Modifier
1. of Purpose
to do smth for smb to do smth
* He stood aside for us to pass.
2. of Result
easy
( too ) difficult ( enough ) for smb to do smth
young
old
* The day was too cold for anybody to have a good time.
INFINITIVE PHRASES
The infinitive may be used in combination with how, when, where, what, who, which, whether, if. This combination is called the infinitive phrase.
how
when to do smth
why
where
what
who to take (choose)
which
whether
if to do smth
The infinitive phrase is used in the sentence as:
- the subject
* How to get across was the problem.
- the predicative
* The difficulty was how to explain her absence.
- the object
* She wondered whom to ask to the party.
- the attribute
* She gave me a long explanation of how to do it.
Ex. 1. State the form of the infinitive.
1. Aunt Ann didn't ask him to explain this strange utterance. (Galsw.) 2. I would give a great deal to know what is behind that affair. (A. Chr.) 3. With a woman's instinct when the trouble is to be faced she went to the battle with a glance as courageous as old Jolyon's itself. (Galsw.) 4. There is only one more incident to be related here, and it happens seven years farther on. (F. F.) 5. But these people are illogical, they want to be reassured by your telling them what they want to believe. (A. Chr.) 6. "When you've got time to listen," he said crossly, "you might be interested in discussing the poor house question with me." (F. F.) 7. Now he discussed what he ought to have said instead of what he said. (S. M.) 8. "Damn," said Lord Caterham, springing up from an armchair in which he appeared to have been taking forty winks. (A. Chr.) 9. I say to you — I believe them to be burnt. (A. Chr.) 10. "Dear me," said Virginia, "I seem to have been frightfully indiscreet." (A. Chr.) 11. I was not going to have come all this way for nothing... (M. D.) 12. "The sound was very slight," said Virginia. "It might have been just my imagination." (A. Chr.) 13. The twist of her imagination which, two months before, had disclosed to her unguessed desire to see him again, seemed now to have been leading up to this dance. (F. F.) 14. To be able to sift evidence impartially, to take the facts and look at them as facts that seems to me the only logical method of arriving at the truth. (A. Chr.) 15. Though his father is known to have been either English or Irish, he himself has worked chiefly in Paris. (A. Chr.) 16. At that hour people were less likely to be coming in or going out. (Un. Is.) 17. It is possible that you in England may not even have heard of our famous and fantastic King Victor. (A. Chr.) 18. "It is a very curious thing," he said slowly, "but Miss Marple happens to have hit upon the truth." (A. Chr.) 19. I felt she must be suffering, and I did not want to see a pain which I could not help. (S. M.) 20. Well, I thought it would be a good thing if I was thought to be going. (A. Chr.)
Ex. 2. Use the infinitive in brackets in the required form of the active or passive voice.
1. And now that she was going to live in the country there was a chance for her (to turn) over a new leaf. (Galsw.) 2. There was something about a dress in her bag that had (to iron). (J. Sal.) 3. We seem (to say) all there is (to say) — except good night. (A. Chr.) 4. I wanted no one (to take) notice of me, so that I could observe these famous creatures at my ease... (S. M.) 5. "Well," he said, "there's nothing more (to see) here." (A. Chr.) 6. Did he ever ask you (to engage) or talk about marrying? (Cus.) 7. I wanted (to persuade) her (to clear) things up — I mean to let things (to clear) up by you. (A. Chr.) 8. She seemed (to lose) heart in the business after that. (J. K. J.) 9. She would forgive him, because it was not a matter of any moment but rather something (to brush) aside lightly. (F. F.) 10. Henet was one of those people whose fate is (to devote) to others and to have no one devoted to them, (A. Chr.) 11. She asked this as she might (to ask) such a question a few years ago. (F. F.) 12. So it was with the idea of concealed dictaphones in mind, dictaphones which could (to turn on) by the pressure of a toe. Thus loyalty could (to check) several times a day. (F. F.) 13. I hoped that I should never (to send) to that war. (M. D.) 14. Outside men's voices could (to hear). (S. M.) 15. The cows wound into the yard at evening (to milk). (White)
Ex. 3. Use the infinitive in brackets in the perfect or non-perfect form.
1. She was relieved (to feel) she need not investigate, and probably would never hear the reason for this quarrel. (White) 2. She had tried (to give) her a ring for Christmas, and failing that, got her (to accept) a gold watch but that must (to cost) two hundred dollars. (F. F.) 3. I started (to walk) on tiptoe. (J. Rh.) 4. She is not likely (to take) him into her confidence. (A. Chr.) 5. I've tried (to plan) you a house here with some self-respect of its own. (Galsw.) 6. She would appear to listen and would remember nothing inconvenient, since her mind was sure (to be dwelling) on some problem connected with the children all the time. (A. Chr.) 7. We must (to sit) there, with scarcely a word, for well over an hour. (F. F.) 8. What happened is a very long time ago, I'm going (to ask) her to let bygones be bygones. (Galsw.) 9. If she had done so, she would have been sure (to mention) the fact at once. (A. Chr.) 10. It had been the Christmas Eve custom of the Carters' (to hang up) their children's stockings and (to fill) them with inexpensive toys. (Un. Is.) 11. He promised (to come) and (to see) them before he left. (Un. Is.) 12.The big chandelier should (to be flooded) with light; but instead, all that happened was the clink of the switch. The room remained in darkness. (A. Chr.) 13. She watched him with lips parted ready (to speak) at any minute. (J. M.) 14. I am a person who likes (to cross) a "t" and dot an "i". (S. M.) 15.1 had no cases of special interest (to attend). (A. Chr.) 16. Regret would ripen into guilt, until he remembered her mother, who took so much upon herself, would (to be taken) care of. (White) 17. "Everyone seems (to be dying)," she said with a certain relish. (A. Chr.) 18. Irene's gone upstairs with a splitting headache. She wanted (to go) with you but I made her (to go) to bed. (F. F.)
Ex. 4. Use the infinitive in brackets in the required form of the active voice.
1. She would (to speak) to Soames — would (to put) him on his guard. (Galsw.) 2. Tomorrow is going (to be) different from what anything in the past has been. (A. H.) 3. Poirot seemed (to debate) the matter in his mind. (A. Chr.) 4. Bosinney's office was in Sloane Street, close at hand, so that he would be able (to keep) his eye continually on the plans. (Galsw.) 5. "King Victor?" he said reflectively ... "Somehow, I seem (to hear) the name." (A. Chr.) 6. I want (to see) w-hat's going on outside. (A. H.) 7. (To make) matters worse, all during the month of August she had been visited by her cousin Bernice from Ean Claire, and it seemed impossible (to see) her alone. (F. F.) 8. "I perceive," said Jolyon, "that you are trying (to kill) two birds with one stone." (Galsw.) 9. Victor dug me in the ribs. "You're supposed (to take) notes. You can (to write) this one up if you like." (M. D.) 10. You will express to your people my regrets at not being able (to be) of service to them. (D. Rob.) 11. Soames liked (to talk) during dinner about business or what he had been buying and so long as he talked Irene's silence didn't distress him. (Galsw.) 12.1 had it in my hand, so I must (to stick) it somewhere, I thought I'd just slip in and find it. (F. F.) 13. She seemed (to lose) her difference. (Galsw.) 14. I liked people (to be) straightforward. (A. Chr.) 15. I know myself that I shouldn't like (to live) on my own because I do get very confused sometimes. (A. Chr.) 16. Although she seemed (to listen) to Doreen, only half of her mind heard what she was saying. (Cus.) 17. Let him (to go) to centres of culture and civilization. (E. H.) 18. Bowman had just happened (to look) at her. (Un. Is.) 19. It's only decent (to warn) you that you will be bored to extinction. (S. M.) 20. She seemed (to make) very lame excuses, and James didn't look at her. (Galsw.)
Ex. 5. Use either of the infinitives in brackets; give two variants where possible and explain the difference.
1. But one demand he returned to again and again. He wanted (to make, to be made) a producer tomorrow. (F. F.) 2. I really do believe I'll be able (to sleep, to be sleeping) tonight. (M. D.) 3. The puzzle seemed (to fit, to be fitting) itself together piece by piece. (A. Chr.) 4. There wouldn't be many people about yesterday afternoon (to see, to have seen) him. (A. Chr.) 5. The things that Tuppence thought funny were, he knew by long experience, not really (to describe, to be described) by such an adjective at all. (A. Chr.) 6. They had not very long (to wait, to be waiting) however before the door opened and Miss Packard came in. (A. Chr.) 7. Behind the cupboard door there was a long list of rules, ending with: "No nails (to drive, to be driven) into walls." (M. D.) 8. You might (to change, to have changed) your mind about them. (A. Chr.) 9. If you were told (to do, to be doing) twice as much and by a superhuman effort achieved it, it would (to take, to be taken) as much for granted as your heart beat. (M. D.) 10. I was dropping with fatigue and would (to give, to have given) anything not (to go, to be going) out. (M. D.) 11. Something seemed (to amuse, to be amusing) her immensely. (A. Chr.) 12. Tea was at four and the bread was new and had (to cut, to be cut). (M. D.) 13. His red cheeks seemed (to fall, to have fallen) in and he looked a positive wreck of his usual jolly, healthy self. (A. Chr.) 14. And what brings you (to see, to have seen) us so early, my good Japp? (A. Chr.) 15. And Evant was supposed (to be devoted, to have been devoted) to his master. (A. Chr.) 16. He wished Chilla was still there, and he could (to point, to have pointed) her out to him. (Cus.) 17. A great weight seemed (to roll, to have rolled) off my mind. (P. W.) 18. Here was something (to hold, to be held) off. But there were also greetings (to make, to be made). (White) 19. And then, by the sound of his voice, she knew that they should (to go, to be going). (White)
Ex. 6. Use the infinitive in brackets in the required form.
1.Architecture appeared (to exhaust) his regularity. (Galsw.) 2. After the two years at the front and a wound that had taken longer (to heal) that it should he was glad (to settle) down quietly at Apia. (S. M.) 3. I suppose you're not going (to be) down here very long? (A. Chr.) 4. He appeared (to do) business with them. (D. Rob.) 5. Poirot rubbed his hands together and smiled cheerfully. He seemed (to enjoy) himself. (A. Chr.) 6. Natural thing would be for them (to stay) at the Ritz or Claridge's or some other big hotel somewhere. (A. Chr.) 7. I'm deeply sorry (to involve) you in this. (I. M.) 8. At home Mrs. Goff would not have kept my supper. You had (to be) on the dot if you wanted (to feed), so I usually went with one or the other (to have) cheese rolls and beer. (M. D.) 9. Don't expect comfort. You've just got (to be) thankful if we get a bed (to sleep) on and a roof over our heads. (S. M.) 10. I seemed (to be) all right there and went on (to learn) that one should never sit in the presence of superiors. (M. D.) 11. Ten years before she would have lain down and slept, but now she had a feeling that things needed watching; there were sure (to be) grocery-men that had (to talk) to. (F. F.) 12. "Perhaps," suggested Rollock, "the man didn't want (to see) turning into the house from the road." (A. Chr.) 13. At last Мог allowed himself (to persuade). (I. M.) 14. "What about (to come) in and (to wash) up?" he asked suddenly. "No, thanks," said John. "I ought (to go) home—my wife'11 be worried." (F. F.) 15. I began (to walk) very slowly. (J. Rh.) 16. "Now I must (to go)," said the man, "and you young ladies walk off home." (White) 17. He ought perhaps (to put) a spoke in the wheel of their marriage. (Galsw.) 18. He seemed (to be) in a brown study and I thought he hardly heard what we were saying. (S. M.)
Ex. 7. Translate into Russian paying attention to the form of the infinitive in the combination "modal verb + the infinitive".
1. Old Jolyon said simply, "I suppose I oughtn't to have come here, Jo!" (Galsw.) 2. To the north we could look across a valley and see a forest of chestnut trees. (E. H.) 3. "I wish you could put some sense into Uncle Simon," he said. (A. Chr.) 4. Something festive ought to be done tonight. (F. F.) 5. "I thought a nice visit might cheer you up," said Miss Packard. (A. Chr.) 6. She had to be at seven the next morning. (Spark) 7. You ought to have learnt by now that I know my own mird. (A. Chr). 8. "My lord Milton," cried Evelyn, "couldn't you have done something?" (F. F.) 9. But as she often justly remarked, sentiment was to be depricated. (Galsw.) 10. "Well," said Lemvine. "I must be going now, I felt it was due to you to know exactly how things stand." (A. Chr.) 11. ...I am to be given more food and drink... (A. Chr.) 12. I could have crumpled them (the papers) up and thrown them "at him, only they would not have hurt. (M. D.) 13. I promise faithfully that I'll be on that train. I suppose no great harm could be done in two hours. (F. F.) 14. I feel I ought to have gone with him. One of us ought to have done so. (A. Chr.) 15. She must have come early to have got a position like that. (Cus.) 16. You must see that I cannot take the responsibility. (Flem.) 17. Yet the gentleman might have said, "I should like a portrait of my wife," and the lady might have said, "I should like a portrait of my husband." (St. L.) 18. "All right," I said to Andy. "You can come, and he can run in ahead of us if he likes." (St. L.) 19. That may have been a false statement made so that Rogers should appear to be in the same position as ourselves. (A. Chr.) 20. I fancy he must have belonged to some society... (A. Chr.)
Ex. 8. Insert the particle "to" before the infinitive where required.
1.Fall made him ... clench his hands and ... tremble and ... repeat sentences to himself. (F. F.) 2. "So I don't think you need ... worry about it," said Tuppence. (A. Chr.) 3. Heater was really frightened now and even Mrs. Ogilvie was beginning to look as if she would rather ... be somewhere else. (M. D.) 4. She watched Theodora's hands ... move as if they were about ... reach out and ... touch something. (White) 5. Before we were married you promised to let me ... go it our marriage was not a success. (Galsw.) 6. What does it matter what made him ... change his mind, as long as he has changed it? (A. Chr.) 7. Paul tried ... break away ... come to me. (A. Chr.) 8. Then nobody need ... be disturbed. (A. Chr.) 9. "Thanks," Andrew answered, "I'd rather .. see the cases myself." (Cron.) 10. He saw him ... turn to Irene and say something. (Galsw.) 11. This made everyone ... run out of the house. (White) 12. I looked up, quick ... notice the change of tone. (A. Chr.) 13. I was pleased at the idea of no more of that chilly room, where the light hung in the one place where you could neither ... see and ... read in bed nor ... do your face, but soon I began ... be worried. (M. D.) 14. I wasn't worrying about that, I happen ... be going to London. That's all. (A. Chr.) 15. I watched the car ... crawl up the hill and ... disappear. (A. Chr). 16. He did not think the cheeses ought ... be kept much longer. (J. K. J.) 17. What I remember next ... have extended over a space of five or six hours, though it comes back to me as something that might ... have taken five minutes or a year. (F. F.) 18. I sun would like to hear you ... play that song. (W. S.)
Ex. 9. Translate into Russian paying attention to the use of the particle "to" which implies the verb already mentioned.
1. I would like to help George to sing — the way I always wanted to myself and never could. (P. B.) 2. "I'm sorry, was I making a speech?" "You were beginning to." 3. "Don't tell me anything you don't want to," I said by way of encouraging him. (A. Chr.) 4. He has taken her hand because she expects him to. (White) 5. When Liza caught Mrs. Blakeston's eye she ... stepped forward a little to go and speak with the woman, but Mrs. Blakeston, standing still, looked so angrily at her that she was afraid to. (S. M.) 7. "Good-bye." He shook hands. "I expect Evensford will be here if ever we want to come back." "If ever we want to." (Bates) 8. "I think it's turned much warmer," he said. "I think we shall probably sing out-doors this evening. In that case you needn't come inside if you didn't want to." (Cates) 9. "Harry, would you like to give me a hand before you go out?"- "Of course, Nora, I'd be pleased to." (Meet the Parkers) 10. "Nora, you look a bit tired — what have you been doing all day?" "I've been cleaning the whole house." "I said I was going to." (Meet the Parkers) 12. And you want to go to a sanatorium? I think you ought to. (P. W.) 13. "Why not come down there for a bit?" said Bill hospitably. "Well, I'd love to, Bill, old man." (P. W.) 14. Bill gaped. "I beg your pardon." "I m glad you have the grace to." (P. W.) 15. I noticed for the first time how short he was; but he looked more distinguished than he used to. (S. M.)
Ex. 10. Respond to the following questions or statements, using the phrases from the list below.
1. I see you haven't read this article. 2. Why didn't you go to the country? 3. They say you work hard now. 4. Why didn't you buy a new dictionary for him? 5. Let's forget it. 6. You are going to write a letter, aren't you? 7. Will you go to the cinema with us? 8. You seem to have insulted him. 9. I'll be glad to drop in. 10. You must join them the sooner the better. 11. Have you anything else to tell me?
_________
I don't think I want to; I'm glad to; I know I have to; I didn't have spare time to; I didn't mean to; Not so much I as have to; Willingly, if you want me to; I'm sorry, I didn't mean to; You are always welcome to; He didn't ask me to; I intended to
Ex. 11. Define the function of the infinitive.
1. To sound a man as to "his intentions" was peculiarly unpleasant to him. (Galsw.) 2. I think we've both said all there is to be said. (A. Chr.) 3. The meal was to have consisted, it seemed, of fried steak and potatoes, with tinned apricot and cream. (Bates) 4. It is dangerous to go against the majority. (Galsw.) 5. To get Irene out of London is the main thing — thought Soames. (Galsw.) 6. I wish to arrange my ideas with order and method. (A. Chr.) 7. As he walked to the office he decided to mention no facts or names within the walls of the studio. (F. F.) 8. It was a fixed principle with him never to allude to June. (Galsw.) 9. To have seen him dance... you would have thought St. Vitus himself that blessed patron of the dance, was figuring before you in person. (W. I.) 10. The accounts were already prepared on a folding table, and with a nod Soames sat down to study them. (Galsw.) 11. To get round to this window from the road on a night like last night would be a difficult and unpleasant proceeding. (A. Chr.) 12. ...there were instructions to be carried out. (Cron.) 13. To speak with her was impossible. (H. Cec.) 14. But it seemed they couldn't promise to make it so terribly early. (Un. Is.) 15. She went out to post the letter. (Un. Is.) 16. Swithin saw no necessity to laugh. (Galsw.) 17. To see this wonderful Mrs. Thompson's performance is what I have come for. (A. Chr.) 18. It was a little difficult to know how to begin. (P. W.) 19. That's no good to me — not if I'm going to live in England. (A. Chr.) 20. They rose to leave the place. (Galsw.)
Ex. 12. Define the type of the adverbial modifier expressed by the infinitive.
1. Soft as a tom-cat, he crossed the room to press the bell. (Galsw.) 2. I'm too excited to be quiet. (A. H.) 3. ... it would be as well to make a few inquiries to establish the fact. (A. Chr.) 4. Numerous other applicants were sent to see it. (A. Chr.) 5. The waiter knocked... and came in to take away the soup. (J. Rh.) 6. He threw open the door and Dermot walked in, whilst Trent switched on the light, and then came to join him. (A. Chr.) 7. Rain followed him and sat down on a chair to look at the canvas. (J. M.) 8. He shook himself and looked to see the familiar streets. (I. M.) 9. There were always long lines of trolley cars waiting to start somewhere.(F. F.) 10. The Terrars only came to live here just over a year ago. (A. Chr.) 11.1 got up and stood up at the door to see if it was raining. (E. H.) 12. Two or three times it needed just a touch of pressure to bring her to the point of tears. (F. F.) 13. We were told that the patient was too ill to see anyone that day. (S. M.) 14. ... to hear him talk, you might imagine him to be—er, the Almighty. (A. Chr.) 15. He remembered how often he had waited for a minute or two on the landing to get his breath after the ascent, and how absurdly his impatience to see Blanche had taken it away again. (S. M.) 16.1 did not think there was anyone in the front room, but I went across to look. (M. D.) 17. I left my office to go out to lunch. (Un. Is.) 18. She stretched her arms out to embrace herself. (Galsw.) 19. One would need great broad-mindedness and a distinct sense of humour to appreciate such a merciless expose. (A. Chr.) 20. They wouldn't pay you enough to cover the bus fare. (M. D.)
Ex. 13. Translate into Russian paying attention to the function of the infinitive.
1. The decision to build had been weighing on his mind all the week, and he had made up his mind to tell her. (Galsw.) 2. To write down "I have two hundred and forty bushes of barley" means nothing unless you have the barley. (A. Chr.) 3. Dorean rang the following Thursday to tell him that Jan had a bad set-back. (Cus.) 4. Yet she certainly seemed disposed to linger and chat. (A. Chr.) 5. To be ignorant that he is a Forsyte was in the nature of a Forsyte. (Galsw.) 6. We have forgotten to inform Mr. Poirot of that. (A. Chr.) 7. She turned and ran quickly up the stairs, retaining a confused picture of rays of cigar smoke and a loud discussion in the centre of the room that seemed to be developing into an argument. (F. F.) 8. I think I'm very lucky to have come here, they are so kind and thoughtful; and the gardens are so beautiful. (A. Chr.) 9. To face the worst and have it over was better. (Galsw.) 10. 1 was waiting for you to say it. (Un. Is.) 11. The story I am about to tell is a perfectly simple and straightforward one. (A. Chr.) 12. He was a medical missionary and he was liable to be called at any time. (S. M.) 13. George was waiting to be called up. (M. D.) 14. I was anxious to learn what Japp had come about. (A. Chr.) 15. To have approved his son's conduct in that clash was of course impossible. (Galsw.) 16. She stood up to learn the rules of the game that she must play. (White) 17. It was a thing to do, a way to kill time. (W. S.) 18. "Oh, we're awfully pleased to meet you," said chairman. (A. Chr.) 19. Then she drew a deep breath, "I don't want to talk shop." (H. R.) 20. Go and tell him I wish to speak with him. (A. Chr.)
Ex. 14. Point out verbal and noun characteristics of the infinitive in the following sentences.
1. I was standing at the meat counter, waiting for some rib lamb chops to be cut. (J. Sal.) 2. Then at last it closed on words, "I got to be making tracks," he said. (White) 3. Your work here was to help Sir Gervase with the book he was writing. (A. Chr.) 4. He was not to spend at the outside more than twelve thousand and fifty pounds. (Calsw.) 5. What he is going to do is still in the doubt. (Dr.) 6. That's just why they couldn't have had the key. (A. Chr.) 7. Wilson was standing by while we gave the cabman instructions, for we had given him a lift to save him the hot dusty walk. (S. M.) 8. Your father is not to be disturbed. (White) 9. Monsieur and Madame Renard gave a party to celebrate the engagement of their daughter. (S. M.) 10. A great temptation came to Utterson to open the envelope at once. (Steve.) 11. Do vou think it would do any good to try to get hold of Waker?"(J. Sal.) 12. "Oh, dear," Mr. Boggis said clasping his hands. "There I go again. I should have never started this in the first place." "You can't back out now, a deal is a deal." (St. L.) 13. Of course, I could promise to send it back next month, but — I 'd better say three months. Just as soon as I start to sell drawings. 14. You needn't worry, I shall be careful all right. (A. Chr.) 15. He wished to give her every chance. (Galsw.) 16. He ought perhaps to have put a spoke in the wheel of their marriage. (Galsw.) 17. He longed to go and say to him, "Look here, you sir! Are you going to jilt my granddaughter?" (Galsw.)
Ex. 15. Recast the following sentences so as to use the infinitive in the function of the attribute. Model: I have only a few minutes that I can spare.—> I have only a few minutes to spare.
1. Who was the last person that arrived before me? 2. This is not the way how7 you should ask for something. 3. We had no alternative that we could choose. 4. There w^as nobody who could explain it to those people. 5. There is nobody to whom we could turn for advice. 6. Where is the packet that should be taken to the post-office? 7. Mr. Palmer is the only man to whom you can talk about this matter. 8. I need a pen with which I could write. 9. I have got a lot of friends to whom I could turn for help. 10. This is a nice place where j one can sit and watch the busy traffic. 11. He is not a man. who would ignore the views of his colleagues. 12. He is a very charming person with whom one can spend a nice evening. 13. He was the third that had invited me to the party. 14. He is not a man who would make fun of it. 15. You would have to know the address to which we could send it. 16. He felt that was the opportunity which he shouldn't miss. 17. He bought himself brown shoes and a tie which would match it. 18. Her opinion was not one that could be neglected. 19. The gardeners were picking fruit which they could send to the market.
Ex. 16. Combine the sentences so as to use the infinitive.
Model I: Mr. Simpson is very old. He can't work.—> Mr. Simpson is too old to work.
Model II: My cousin plays the violin well. He can give a concert.—> My cousin plays the violin well enough to give a concert.
Model III: The apple you gave me is so sour. I can't eat it.—> The apple you gave me is too sour for me to eat.
1. She is still young. She can't travel to London alone. 2. John doesn't earn much. He can't buy it. 3. He was very late. He didn't catch the 12:30 train. 4. I can see you aren't clever. You can't do these calculations in your head. 5. You don't know the poem well. You can't recite it in front of the class tomorrow. 6. He was very far. He couldn't see what they were doing. 7. The water in the lake is very cold. I can't bathe. 8. You are very quick. You can easily catch up with the group. 9. You don't understand it. You" are too young. 10. You are clever. You can answer any question. 11. The .weather is warm. We can go out. 12. This tea is too hot. I can't drink it. 13. You were too angry. You couldn't speak. 14. It is so foggy today. I can't drive the car there. 15. My cousin plays the piano very well. He can perform at a concert. 16. He has recovered. He can attend classes. 17. You work very slowly. You can't catch up with us. 18. He is strong enough. He can climb up this mountain.
Ex. 17. Make up sentences using the following infinitive phrases parenthetically.
1. to start with; 2. to make a long story short; 3. not to speak; 4. to say honestly; 5. to tell the truth; 6. so to speak; 7. to be quite truthful; 8. to speak candidly; 9. to go into particulars; 10. to be more exact
Ex. 18. Recast the following sentences so as to use the Perfect Infinitive.
Model: I am glad that I have seen the film.—> I'm glad to have seen the film.
1. We were sorry when we heard about your failure. 2. I am sorry that I have disappointed you. 3. She is lucky because she has such a good teacher. 4. I am very pleased that I have met you. 5. You were very kind that you gave me that advice. 6. We were disappointed when we heard that she had fallen ill. 7. We are pleased because we have been able to help you. 8. They were pleased when they heard about my success. 9. He is disappointed because he hasn't been awarded the prize. 10. She was surprised when she didn't find me at home. 11. She is disappointed because she hasn't received an invitation to that party. 12. We were right when you told him not to interfere in our affairs. 13. The dean is sorry that he hasn't been able to see you personally on that date. 14. She was angry when she found that the book was missing. 15. I should be glad if I had been chosen for that job. 16. I was delighted when I heard that she liked my book. 17. I should have been surprised if I had met him in the South. 18. He was very sorry that he hadn't been able to join you. 19. He is very pleased that he has read this in the original. 20. I was lucky that I had visited that town.
Ex. 19. Complete the following choosing a suitable infinitive from the list below.
1.But I quite see it is one of those things that has got ... . 2. Now we can get our heads together and ... what is best ... .3. Really it is too dreadful. One feels one must do something ... oneself cheerful. 4. But nobody could ... it for sure. 5. I'm going ... my coffee now and I don't want ... anybody. 6. Don't you think I'm old enough ... of myself. 7. "Very good of you ... me." He shook hands with them both. 8. "This story made me ... of him at once," said Miss Marple. 9. You could taste the dirt in the air and it always seemed ... . Ю. "Whatever happens," Michael thought, "I've got ... or I shall be dropping a brick." 11. Well, .... he wrote to me at the beginning of last month and said he was just off to a new job. 12. The whole town seemed ....
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to think; to ask; to take care; to have; to see; to be asleep; to cut a long story short; to be done; to be raining; to keep; to do; to make
Ex. 20. Complete the following using the infinitive
a) as predicative:
1. All they do is... . 2. To get straight to the best is... . 3. The only safe and sane thing to do was... . 4. What my father should do is... . 5. My original idea was... .
b) as subject:
1. ...is not my custom. 2. ...is quite unusual for her. 3. ...was the last thing any man wanted. 4. ...is a hardship.
c) as object:
1. There is a couple of things I want... . 2. I order... . 3. I didn't mean... . 4. Has your mother persuaded you... . 5. It occurred to me... . 6. Don't bother... .
d) as attribute:
1. He regretted his inability... . 2. There is nothing... . 3. His wife was the first... .
e) as adverbial modifier of purpose:
1. The family had gathered... . 2. She might have dropped in,... 3. She bowed graciously and turned... . 4. We climbed up the mountain ... . 5. He rose from his chair... .
f),as adverbial modifier of result:
1. The novel was easy enough... . 2. She was too sad... . 3 ,,He couldn't do enough... . 4. He knew enough of the country not... 5. We are too aware of the fact not... . 6. He was too astonished... .