Where do the best alexandrite gemstones come from?
People always talk about the quality of the Russian stones but there is no current production of stones from Russia. Overall the best alexandrite are found in Brazil. This is not to say that fine alexandrite are not be found in Sri Lanka, India, Madagascar, etc. However, the most consistently strong specimens are found today in Brazil.
Folklore & Mysteries of Alexandrite
C ompared to rubies, sapphires, emeralds, and diamonds, alexandrite is a relatively new gemstone that was only discovered some 150 years ago. Despite its short history, this remarkable gem has already been ascribed with a variety of magical and mystical properties.
Perhaps the first person to attribute alexandrite with magical powers was the Russian writer Nikolai Semyonovich Leskov (1831-1895) who wrote a short novel, "Alexandrite, Mysterious Interpretation of a True Fact", in which the gem plays a major role and is defined as a prophetic stone. At nearly the same time, Eliphas Levi, a French author and magician (1810 -1875), connected the duality of the colors in alexandrite with the duality of human blood -- venous and arterial. In his book, La Clef des Grandes Mysteres (The Key to the Great Mysteries), he refers to alexandrite as "the favorite charm of our time which clears and strengthens the blood vessels".
It is not at all surprising that various magical attributes have been associated with alexandrite. Such a rare and valuable gem with a mysterious origin was unlikely to be ignored when the connection of gemstones with different months or astrological signs had already been accepted for more than 2000 years. Many cultures associate gems with the signs of the zodiac or months of the year and are thought to be lucky or important for people born under their influence. The tradition of birthstones first became popular in the Middle Ages, but probably started much earlier.
Various birthstone lists have been used in different cultures but in 1912, the American National Association of Jewelers (previously the American National Retail Jeweler´s Association) adopted a list which included alexandrite and that was accepted as the standard in the United States and most other places. The traditional birthstone list is an older version
of this and is based on birthstone traditions from the fifteenth to the twentieth century. Since then, many of the traditional stones on the list were changed to correspond with stones that were more commercially available. In 1952, a variation of the list was approved by the American National Retail Jewelers Association, the National Jewelers Association, and the American Gem Society. In this list, Alexandrite is offered as an alternative to pearl and therefore associated with the month of June. It is also suggested as the gemstone for a 55th wedding anniversary (sometimes also the 35th or 45th, in place of emerald.)
In Indian, or Vedic, astrology, each stone is associated with a planet, a day of the week, a time of day, and various other attributes associated with that planet. Alexandrite is associated with the planet Mercury -- the trickster. Alexandrite´s ability to change color and its obviously dual nature is further associated with the zodiac sign of Gemini, which is a sign ruled by Mercury. The association with the sign of Gemini means that Alexandrite has a connection with the month of June as this sign covering the period between 21st May and 21st June.
In Russia, Alexandrite is associated with the month of August, and its zodiac sign Leo is related to royalty.
When choosing an individual´s gemstone in India and in using gems for magic, the associations and correspondences with the planet Mercury are considered in detail. Mercury is the fastest moving of the planets. It shows how quickly we can change our thoughts, and how fast our thoughts travel. In occult thought, Mercury represents both the messenger and the magician. It connects the mortal or ego self, the intuitive, or lower self, and the higher divine self. As Mercury is associated with air, alexandrite is an air stone and so connected to the throat chakra. But, because of its duality in color, it has also been associated with the heart, the solar plexus, and the crown chakra.
Mercury also represents the power of the mind, our ability to think, perceive, and communicate and it rules over the power of our words and how we use them. It is the planet most associated with the rational world. In magic, alexandrite can be used alongside other Mercury ruled objects to cast spells that enhance communication, mental clarity, memory,
and perception. It can be used in meditation, to promote emotional balance, and to bring about change, happiness, and success. It is thought to be most powerful when the sun´s rays are shining on it and is reportedly useful for astral travel.
And finally, as the planet Mercury is associated with the color green this is another reason why alexandrite is seen as a Mercury stone. However, since alexandrite can be green or red, it has also been connected with the planet Mars, which corresponds to red. This is why some references also associate alexandrite with the zodiac sign of Scorpio, which is ruled by Mars.
The caduceus symbol used for doctors and medicine is also a Mercury symbol and Mercury is associated with healing and was originally the god of medicine. Therefore, alexandrite is a healing stone. As the planet Mercury corresponds to the mind and the nervous system, alexandrite is specifically associated with balancing the mind and helping to achieve
calm and is recommended as an anti stress and choleric amulet.
Alexandrite is said to be useful for overcoming a lack of confidence, low self-esteem, and a lack of direction or focus in life. Meditating with the stone is supposed to help identify goals and plan how to begin working towards them. Alexandrite is also purported to relieve spleen and pancreal problems and to help treat swollen lymph nodes.
In more modern forms of astrology, gemstones tend to be associated with the zodiac signs, rather than with planets. This originates from the idea of associating gemstones with planets, as each planet is said to rule a zodiac sign. Each gem conducts the energies of the particular sign or planet with which it synergizes. Wearing the stone of the appropriate sign focuses the energies of the sign through the gem.
Apart from astrology, green is the color of revival, hope, prosperity, rest, peace, calm, and fertility where as red is the color of blood, energy, activity, self-expression, power, aggression, and passion.
This combination means that alexandrite is a symbol of love and jealousy at the same time. In its daytime appearance, it corresponds to luck and good fortune and at night, its appearance it is more closely associated with love. Some believe that an alexandrite in hand can help clarify doubts about love and marriage.
Dreams of alexandrite are said to symbolise struggle and progress. In Kabbalistic magic, alexandrite is associated with Zain, or the seventeenth path of the Tree of Life. It connects Spiritual Love and the centered self. In the Tarot, alexandrite is associated with the Lovers, the card that is connected with choice. The Avesty´s astrological school consider alexandrite as a stone for spirituality where the owners of the stone must be prepared to overcome hardship after which alexandrite will bring calm, luck, and victory. Alexandrite is a symbol of summer, of Fridays, and the ninth day of lunar month and it is on this day that it is particularly good to present or purchase alexandrite
Alexandrite is the stone of duality. Green or red, passion & prosperity, the significance is interpretive and related to the social and historical context of the time and the culture. Forever changing its colors, alexandrite is a magical gemstone with universal appeal that continues to fascinate and be admired by astrologers, scientists, and gem lovers throughout
the world.
Разное
Буранит
Buranit is an artificial analogue of amber. Its developers considered all disadvantages of fossil resin (amber), such as oxidation (The amber can change its color with time especially when the rules of exploitation are not followed) and a limited variety of colors. Buranit jewelry will please and surprise you with its unusual color, which won't be lost with time.
Филигрань
Филигрань (итал. filigrana, от лат. filum - нитка и granum - зерно). Ювелирное изделие спаянное из тонкой проволоки.
Филигрань (скань) - один из древнейших видов художественной обработки металла. Название филигрань происходит от двух латинских слов - "филюм" (нить) и "гранум" (зерно). Слово "скань" древнеславянское и означает свить, скрутить. И то и другое названия указывают на особенность этого вида обработки металла.
Элементы филигранного узора бывают самыми разнообразными: в виде веревочки, шнурка, плетения, елочки, дорожки, глади и т. д.
В единое целое отдельные элементы филиграни соединяют при помощи пайки. Часто филигрань сочетают с зернью, представляющей собой металлические мелкие шарики, которые напаивают в заранее подготовленные ячейки (углубления). Зернь создает эффектную фактуру, игру светотени, благодаря чему изделия приобретают особо нарядный, изысканный вид.
Материалами для филигранных изделий служат сплавы золота, серебра и платины, а также медь, латунь, мельхиор, нейзильбер. Украшения, выполненные в технике филиграни или с элементами филиграни очень часто (в целях облагораживания их внешнего вида) оксидируют и серебрят. Нередко филигрань сочетают с эмалью (в том числе финифтью), гравировкой, чеканкой. Техникой филиграни можно изготовить все без исключения виды ювелирных украшений.
Филигранные изделия производились в царских или монастырских мастерских. Мастера-сканщики задумывали изделия и осуществляли все операции по их производству. В XVII в. потребность в сканных вещах увеличивается. Появляется разделение труда, ремесленники становятся самостоятельными, отдельные мастера осуществляют изготовление проволоки, сканных элементов. В XVIII в. изготовлялись большие сканные изделия, наряду с камнями широко применялись хрусталь, перламутр. Одновременно получили большое распространение небольшие серебряные вещи: вазочки, солонки, шкатулки.
С XIX в. изделия из филиграни уже выпускались фабриками в больших количествах. Они разнообразны и по назначению и по ассортименту; дорогая посуда, церковная утварь, принадлежности туалета. Технологические приемы достигают высокого совершенства. Расцветает рельефная ажурная филигрань, появляется просвечивающая (оконная) эмаль. Но постепенно исчезает сочность, для многих вещей становится характерной манерность.
Финифть
Фини́фть (др.-русск. финиптъ, химипетъ, из ср.-греч. χυμευτόν, то же от χυμεύω — «смешиваю») — особый вид прикладного искусства, в котором используется эмаль (в качестве основного материала) в сочетании с металлом.
Эмали окрашиваются солями металлов: добавки золота придают стеклу рубиновый цвет, кобальта — синий цвет, а меди — зелёный. При решении специфических живописных задач яркость эмали может, в отличие от стекла, приглушаться. Образки, крестики, портреты, украшения, выполненные в технике финифти, отличаются особой долговечностью, декоративностью, яркостью и чистотой красок.
Тематический Словарь
| Русский | Английский | Немецкий | Испанский | Французский |
| Фаберже | ||||
| эмаль | enamel | emaille (f) | esmalte (m) | email (m) |
| табакерка | snuffbox | tabakdose (f) | tabaquera (f) | tabatière |
| портсигар | cigarette case | zigarettenetui | pitillera (f) | porte-cigares |
| шкатулка | box | schatulle (f) | estuche (m) | cassette (f) |
| клеймо | brand | stempel (m) | marca (f) | marque (f) |
| безделушка | knick-knack | nippsache (f) | chuchería (f) | bibelot (m) |
| поделочный камень | semi-precious stone | Halbedelstein | La piedra semipreciosa | pierre semi-précieuse |
| олово | tin | Zinn | estaño | étain |
| вороненую сталь | blue steel | blauer stahl | El acero azul | acier bleu |
| конструктивность | constructibility | Konstruktivität (f) | carácter constructivo (m) | Constructibilité (f) |
| гравирование | engraving | Gravieren (n) | grabado (m) | gravure (f) |
| полупрозрачный | semi-transparent | halbdurchsichtig | semitransparente | à demi transparent |
| медь | copper | Kupfer (n) | cobre (m) | cuivre (m) |
| латунь | brass | Messing (n) | latón (m) | laiton (m) |
| оттенок | tint | Schattierung (f) | matiz (m) | teinte (f) |
| свечение | luminescence | Leuchten (n) | luminiscencia (f) | luminescence (f) |
| изнутри | within | von innen | de dentro | du dedans |
| сетчатый | cellular | netzartig | reticular | réticulaire |
| чешуйчатый | scaly | schuppig | escamoso | écailleux |
| мерцать | Twinkle, shimmer | flimmern | centellear | scintiller |
| пасхальные яйца | Easter egg | Osternei | El huevo de pascua | Oeuf de Pâques |
| шедевр | masterpiece | Meisterwerk (n) | La obra maestra | chef-d'œuvre |
| изобретательность | inventiveness | Erfindungsgabe (f) | inventiva (f) | ingéniosité (f) |
| элегантность | elegance | Eleganz (f) | elegancia (f) | élégance (f) |
| аукцион | auction | Auktion (f) | subasta (f) | encan (m) |
| коронация | coronation | Krönung (f) | coronación (f) | couronnement (m) |
| ландыш | lily of the valley | Maiglöckchen (n) | muguete (m) | muguet (m) |
| бутон розы | rosebud | Rosenknospe (f) | capullo de rosa (m) | bouton de rose (m) |
| Матрёшка | ||||
| матрёшка | nesting doll | Matrjoschka | matrioshka (f) | matriochka (f) |
| Сарафан | sarafan | Trägerrock (m) | sarafán (m) | sarafan (m) |
| Передник | apron | Schürze (f) | delantal (m) | tablier (m) |
| токарь | turner | Dreher (m) | tornero (m) | tourneur (m) |
| Неваляшка | tilting doll | wanka-wstanka | tentemozo (m) | poussa(h) (m) |
| Липа | lime(-tree) | Linde (f) | tilo (m) | tilleul (m) |
| Ольха | alder(-tree) | Erle (f) | aliso (m) | aune (m) |
| Берёза | birch | Birke (f) | abedul (m) | bouleau (m) |
| Сосна | pine(-tree) | Kiefer (f) | pino (m) | pin (m) |
| Обработка | handling; processing | Bearbeitung (f) | labra (f) | travail (m) |
| скол | split | Spaltung (f) | escisión (f) | scission (f) |
| сучок | knot | Ast (m) | ramo (m) | branche (f) |
| Заготовка | workpiece | Werkstück (n) | tocho (m) | pièce découpée |
| Верстак | workbench | Werktisch (m) | el banco de carpintero | établi (m) |
| Шлифовка | grinding | Schleifen (n) | pulido (m) | polissage (m) |
| Обводка | outlining | Auszeichnung | contorneo (m) | bord |
| Материнство | maternity, motherhood | Mutterschaft (f) | maternidad (f) | maternité (f) |
| Поталь | lacquer | Lack (m) | laca (f) | laque (f) |
| Узор | pattern | Ornament (n) | cinta (f) | dessin (m) |
| Платок | shawl | Tuch | pañuelo (m) | foulard (m) |
| Лаковая миниатюра | ||||
| Лаковая миниатюра | lacquer miniature | Lackmalerei (f) | La miniatura de laca | miniature de laque |
| Папье-маше | papier-mache | Papiermaché | cartón piedra | papier mâché |
| Перламутр | mother-of-pearl | Perlmutter (f) | nácar (m) | nacre (f) |
| Темпера | tempera | Tempera | temple (m) | détrempe (f) |
| Перспектива | perspective | Perspektive | perspectiva (f) | perspective (f) |
| лупа | magnifying glass | Lupe (f) | lupa (f) | loupe (f) |
| Слой | layer | Schicht (f) | capa (f) | couche (f) |
| Ракушка | seashell | Muschel (f) | concha (f) | coquillage (m) |
| Живописность | picturesqueness | Malerhaftigkeit (f) | pintoresco (m) | pittoresque (m) |
| Задний фон | background | Hintergrund (m) | fondo (m) | fondo (m) |
| Пропорции | proportions | Proportion (f) | proporción (f) | proportion (f) |
| Объёмный | volume | körperhaft | volumétrico | de volume |
| чаепитие | tea-drinking | Teetrinken (n) | tomar el té | thé (m) |
| ларец | casket | Kästchen (n) | cofrecito (m) | coffret (m) |
| набросок | sketch | Entwurf (m) | croquis (m) | ébauche (f) |
| сусальное золото | tinsel | Blattgold | oropel | L'or mussif |
| Янтарь | ||||
| Янтарь | amber | Bernstein (m) | Ámbar (m) | ambre (m) |
| Смола | resin | resina (f) | resina (f) | résine (f) |
| Огранка | cutting | Schliff (m) | talla (f) | surface en facettes |
| Полировать | polish | polieren | pulir | polir |
| Медовый | honey | Honig- | meloso | de miel |
| Бактерицидный | bactericidal | mikrobizid | bactericida | bactéricide |
| Мундштук | mouthpiece | Mundstück (n) | boquilla (f) | fume-cigarette (m) |
| Целительный | healing | heilsam | curativo | curatif |
| Инклюз | inclusion | Einschließung (f) | inclusión (f) | inclusion (f) |
| Инталия | intaglio | Intaglio (n) | talla (f) | intaille (f) |
| Камея | cameo | Kamee (f) | camafeo (m) | camée (m) |
| Зажигалка | lighter | Feuerzeug (n) | mechero (m) | briquet (m) |
| Фляжка | flask | Flachmann (m) | frasco (m) | fiole (f) |
| Трубка курительная | Pipe | Pfeife (f) | pipa (f) | pipe (f) |
| Фарфор | ||||
| Фарфор | porcelain | Porzellan (n) | porcelana (f) | porcelaine (f) |
| Кобальт | cobalt | Kobalt (n) | cobalto (m) | Cobalt (m) |
| Костяной фарфор | bone china | Knochenporzellan | porcelana fina | porcelaine anglaise |
| Керамика | ceramics | Keramik (f) | cerámica (f) | céramique f |
| Сахарница | sugar bowl | Zuckerdose (f) | azucarera (f) | sucrier (m) |
| Солонка | salt-cellar | Salzdose (f) | salero (m) | salière (f) |
| Кофейник | coffeepot | Kaffeekanne (f) | cafetera (f) | cafetière (f) |
| Чайник | teapot | Teekanne (f) | tetera (f) | théière (f) |
| Сливочник | cream jug | Sahnenkännchen (n) | La jarrita para crema | pot (m) à crème |
| Поднос | tray | Tablett (n) | bandeja (f) | plateau (m) |
| Блюдце | saucer | Untertasse (f) | platillo (m) | soucoupe (f) |
| Хрусталь | ||||
| Хрусталь | crystal | Kristall (n) | cristal (m) | cristal (m) |
| Свинец | lead, Pb | Blei (n) | plomo (m) | plomb (m) |
| Преломление | deflection | Brechung (f) | refracción (f) | réfraction (f) |
| Двуглавый орёл | double-headed eagle | Doppeladler (m) | El águila bicéfala | aigle (f) bicéphale |
| Рюмка | Shot glass | Glas (n) | copa (f) | petit verre (m) |
| Фужер | tall wine glass | Sektglas | copa (f) | flûte |
| Ваза | vase | Vase | florero (m) | vase (m) |
| Графин | decanter | Karaffe (f) | garrafa (f) | carafe (f) |
| Подстаканник | glass holder | Teeglasuntersatz | portavaso (m) | porte-verre |
| Хохлома | ||||
| Рябина | ashberry | Vogelkirsche (f) | serba (f) | sorbe (f) |
| Земляника | strawberry | Erdbeere (f) | fresa (f) | fraise |
| Льняное масло | linseed-oil | Leinöl (n) | El aceite de linaza | huile (f) de lin |
| Алюминий | aluminium | Aluminium (n) | aluminio (m) | aluminium (m) |
| Икона | ||||
| Икона | icon | Ikone (f) | icono (m) | icône (f) |
| Православие | orthodoxy | Rechtgläubigkeit | ortodoxia (f) | orthodoxie (f) |
| Католицизм | Catholicism | Katholizismus | catolicismo (m) | catholicisme (m) |
| Алебастр | alabaster | Alabaster (m) | alabastro (m) | albâtre (m) |
| Богородица | Mother of God | Madonna (f) | Madre de Dios | la Vierge |
| Святая Троица | the Blessed Trinity | Dreifaltigkeit (f) | Trinidad (f) | Trinité |
| Христос | Christ | Christus | Cristo | Christ (m) |
| Иконоста́с | iconostasis | Ikonenwand | iconostasio (m) | iconostase (f) |
| Шелкография | serigraphy | Schablonendruck (m) | serigrafía (f) | - |
| Мех | ||||
| Мех | fur | Fell (n) | piel (f) | fourrure (f) |
| Окрашенный мех | Dyed fur | Gefärbter Pelz | Piel teñida | Fourrure teinte |
| Норка | mink | Nerz (m) | visón (m) | vison (m) |
| Ондатра | musquash | Bisamratte (f) | ondatra (m) | Ondatra (m) |
| Овчина | sheepskin | Schaffell (n) | corderillo (m) | peau (f) de mouton |
| Бобёр | beaver | Biberpelz (m) | castor (m) | castor (m) |
| Енот | raccoon | Waschbär (m) | mapache (m) | raton (m) |
| Лисица | fox | Fuchs (m) | zorro (m) | renard (m) |
| Песец | polar fox | Polarfuchs (m) | zorro polar | renard bleu |
| Кролик | rabbit | Kaninchen (n) | conejo (m) | lapin (m) |
| Колонок | Siberian weasel | Sibirisches Wiesel | kolinsky (m) | putois (m) sibérien |
| бахрома | fringe | Franse (f) | fleco (m) | frange (f) |
| хвост | brush | Schwanz (m) | cola (f) | queue (f) |
| шапка-ушанка | earflapped fur hat | Pudelmütze | papalina | ouchanka (f) |
| муфта | muff | Muff (m) | manguito (m) | manchon (m) |
| Вязаный | bound | binden | áspero | astringent |
| сушить | dry | trocknen | secar | sécher |
| Кожа | skin | Haut (f) | piel (f) | peau (f) |
| Резинка для волос | scrunchie | - | - | - |
| Сибирь | Siberia | Sibiri|en | Siberia | Sibérie (f) |
| Шарф | scarf | Halstuch (n) | bufanda (f) | écharpe (f) |
| Шаль | shawl | Umschlagtuch (n) | chal (m) | châle (m) |
| Шапка | cap | Mütze (f) | gorro (m) | bonnet (m) |
| Кепка | peaked cap | Schirmmütze (f) | visera (f) | casquette (f) |
| Воротник | collar | Kragen (m) | cuello (m) | col (m) |
| Ценный | valuable | wertvoll | valioso | de valeur |
| Камни | ||||
| Бусы | beads | Perlen (f) | collar (m) | collier (m) |
| Колье | necklace | Kollier (n) | collar (m) | collier (m) |
| Браслет | bracelet | Armband (n) | brazalete (m) | bracelet (m) |
| Брошь | brooch | Brosche (f) | broche (m) | broche (f) |
| Серьги | earrings | Ohrring (m) | Zarcillos (m) | boucle (f) d'oreille |
| Прямоугольник | rectangle | Rechteck (n) | rectángulo (m) | rectangle (m) |
| Лист | leaf | Blatt (n) | hoja (f) | feuille (f) |
| Брелок | trinket | Anhänger (m) | dije (m) | breloque (f) |
| Беск | shine | Schein (m) | brillo (m) | brillant (m) |
| Блик | speck | Lichtreflex (m) | brillo (m) | tache (f) de lumière |
| Разноцветный | multicoloured | verschiedenfarbig | multicolor | multicolore |
| Бирюза | turquoise | Türkis (m) | turquesa (f) | turquoise (f) |
| Авантюрин | aventurine | Aventurin (m) | venturina | aventurine |
| Агат | agate | Achat (m) | ágata (f) | agate (f) |
| Кварц | quartz | Quarz (m) | cuarzo (m) | quartz (m) |
| Змеевик | Coil, serpentine | Rohrschlange | serpentín (m) | serpentin (m) |
| Лазурит | lapis lazuli | Azur | lazurita (m) | lapis-lazuli |
| Малахит | malachite | Malachit (m) | malaquita (f) | malachite (f) |
| Нефрит | nephritis | Nephritis (f) | lemanita (f) | néphrite (f) |
| Оникс | onyx | Onyx (m) | ónice (f) | onyx (m) |
| Сердолик | cornelian | Karneol (m) | cornalina (f) | cornaline (f) |
| Тигровый глаз | tiger's-eye | Tigerauge | Ojo de tigre | Oeil de tigre |
| Яшма | jasper | Jaspis | jaspe (m) | jaspe (m) |
| Коралл | coral | Koralle (f) | coral (m) | corail |
| Достопримечательности | ||||
| Спас-на-Крови | Church on the Spilled Blood | Christi-Auferstehungs-Kirche | El Salvador Sobre La Sangre | Du Sauveur “Sur le sang verse” |
| Эрмитаж | Hermitage | Eremitage | Ermitage | L’Ermitage |
| Петропавловская крепость | St. Peter and Paul Fortress | Peter-Paul-Festung | La fortaleza de Pedro y Pablo | Forteresse Pierre-et-Paul |
| Медный всадник | Bronze Horseman | Der Eherne Reiter | El Jinete de cobre | Le Cavalier d’airain |
| Адмиралтейство | Admiralty | Admiralität | El Almirantazgo | Amiraute |
| Исаакиевский собор | St. Isaac’s Cathedral | Isaak-Kathedrale | La catedral de San Isaac | La Cathedrale Saint-Isaac |
| Дворцовая площадь | Palace Square | Schlossplatz | Plaza del Palacio | Place du Palais |
| Казанский собор | Kazan Cathedral | Kasaner Kathedrale | La catedral de la Virgen de Kazan | Cathedrale Notre-Dame de Kazan |
| Дворцовый мост | Palace Bridge | Schlossbrücke | Puente del Palacio | Pont du Palais |
| Петергоф | Petehof | Peterhof | Peterhof | Peterhof |
| Царское село | Tsarskoye Selo | Zarskoje Selo | Tsarskoie Sielo | Tsarskoe-Selo |
| Разное | ||||
| Запонка | cuff link | Manschettenknopf | botón | bouton |
| Зажим для галстука | tie clip | Krawattenhalter | ate el clip | attachez le clip |
| Печатка | signet | Siegel (n) | sello (m) | cachet (m) |
Содержание:
1. Фаберже………………………………………………………………….1
2. Матрёшка……………………………………………………………….24
3. Лаковая миниатюра………………………………………………...…35
4. Янтарь…………………………………………………………………...47
5. Фарфор…………………………………………………………………..52
6. Хрусталь………………………………………………………………...55
7. Хохлома…………………………………………………………………59
8. Икона……………………………………………………………………61
9. Мех……………………………………………………………………….65
10. Павлово-посадские набивные платки……………………………..71
11.Оренбургскийпуховый платок……………………………...……..72
12. Жостово…………………………………………………………..……73
13. Уральские камни……………………………………………………..75
14. Часы……………………………………………………………………84
15. Александрит…………………………………………………………..89
16. Разное………………………………………………………………..…94
17. Тематический Словарь……………………………………………...96
18. Содержание…………………………………………………………..103