C. Three Women at the Spring

D. Les Demoiselles d'Avignon

E. The Bottle ofSuze

F. Seated Woman

G. Absinthe Drinker

H. Salimbanques

V. Translate the text into English.

Эволюция искусства XX века наиболее ярко выражена в творчестве Пабло Пикассо.

Родившись в 1881 г. в маленьком испанском городке Мала­га, Пикассо уже в 1901 г. в Париже открывает свою первую пер­сональную выставку, чтобы стать на последующие семьдесят лет центральной фигурой в западноевропейском искусстве. Период с 1901 по 1907 г. принято называть в его творчестве соответствен­но "голубым" (1901-1904) и "розовым" (1905 -1906). Картины, посвященные нищим, странствующим актерам, бродягам, выра­жают настроение усталости и обреченности. Они написаны в сине-зеленой гамме. С 1905 г., хотя темы остаются прежними, пространство заполняется розовато-голубоватой или золотистой дымкой.

Полотном "Авиньонские девушки" (1907) Пикассо озна­меновал рождение кубизма. В картине "Три женщины у источни­ка" художник обращается к реалистическим формам. Пикассо отдал дань и сюрреализму, создав ряд произведений, чудовищно деформировав реальный образ человека.

Панно под названием "Герника" стало настоящим событи­ем мировой художественной жизни. Эта композиция связала ис­кусство Пикассо с жизнью всех народов, борющихся с насилием. До конца жизни Пикассо стремился раскрыть новые возможно­сти искусства.

VI. Summarize the text.

VII. Topics for discussion.

1. Picasso's Blue and Rose periods.

2. Picasso's period of Cubism.

3. Picasso's paintings of social protest.

4. Picasso as the greatest artist of the XX-th century.

UNIT XIX SALVADOR DALI (1904-1989)

Salvador Dali typifies in his art the Surrealist movement at its height in the 1930s. After his visit to Paris in 1928 Dali experi­mented briefly with semi-abstract forms, as he was then under the influence of Picasso. Soon Dali set out on his individual path, based on his study of Freud, which seemed to clarify to him his personal fantasies and obsessions. Dali began producing what he called "hand-coloured photographs of the subconscious." His de­sire to "materialise images of concrete irrationality with the ut­most imperialist fury of precision" resulted in pictures of a quality and brilliance that cannot be ignored, done in bright colour, with an exactitude of statement that at times recalls less his idols Vermeer and Velazquez than the technique of the Netherlandish masters of the fifteenth century. Dali's terrifying images are al­ways brought home with tremendous force by the magical virtuos­ity of his draughtsmanship and colour.

The Persistence of Memory, of 1931, is one of Dali's most striking and best-known early Surrealist paintings. Dali said the idea for the work occurred to him while he was eating ripe Cam-embert cheese. The "wet watches", as they were termed by the astonished, horrified and fascinated New York public when the picture was first exhibited at the Museum of Modern Art, are dis­turbing in their destruction of the very idea of time. Three watches lie or hang limply, and the fourth is devoured by ants while a sev­ered chinless head - its tongue hanging from its nose, its enormous eyelashes extended on its cheeks - lies equally limp on a barren plain. In the background, rendered with hallucinatory clarity, are the rocky cliffs of a Catalan bay.

A contrast to this small picture is the larger and overpower­ing Soft Construction with Boiled Beans: Premonition of Civil War, painted in 1936. Monstrous fragments of humans - arms, a breast being squeezed by a clawlike hand, a convulsed and screaming head - tower against a desolate sky partly covered with filmy clouds. The rocky terrain in the foreground pullulates with beans, while above one clenched fist a tiny bearded man gazes disconso­lately at the scene. One of the most frightful images in the entire history of art, this picture is nonetheless, endowed by Dali's aston­ishing skill with an unexpected and terrible beauty.

After considerable activity in the fields of stage design, jewellery design, and even shop window decoration, Dali moved to Christian art. His technique is brilliant and his fantasy is magical.

Make sure you know how to pronounce the following words:

Surrealist [s@Pri@list]; Camembert [Pk{m@mbe@]; Catalan [Pk{t@l@n]; monstrous [Pmonstr@s]; Vermeer [ve@Pmi@]; Freud [Pfroid]

NOTES

The Persistence of Memory - "Постоянство памяти"

Soft Construction with Boiled Beans: Premonition of Civil War - "Мягкая конструкция с вареными бобами: предчув­ствие гражданской войны"

pullulate [Ppöljuleit] - бот. прорастать

TASKS

I. Read the text. Make sure you understand it. Mark the fol­lowing statements true or false.

1. In Parish 1926 Dali fell under the influence of Matisse.

2. In the early 1920s Dali produced paintings that recalled the works of his idols Botticelli and Goya.

3. Dali painted terrifying images with tremendous force.

4. The idea of The Persistence of Memory occurred to Dali while he was eating oranges.

5. The Persistence of Memory was first exhibited at the British Museum.

6. The Soft Construction with Boiled Beans: Premonition of Civil War is the most fearful image in the entire history of art.

II. How well have you read? Can you answer the following questions?

1. What does Salvador Dali typify?

2. What was Freud's impact on Dali's creative activity?

3. What did Dali begin producing when he set out on his individual style? What was Dali's desire? What was the result of it?

4. What is Dali's best-known early Surrealist painting? How was this painting termed by the New-York public? Why is this painting disturbing? What is represented in this picture? What is shown in the background?

5. What is depicted in the Soft Construction with Boiled Beans: Premonition of Civil War? What is shown in the fore­ground? Why is this painting the most frightful image in the entire history of art?

6. When did Dali move to the Christian art?

III. i. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:

the Surrealist movement; to experiment with semi-abstract forms; to set out on his individual path; pictures of a quality and brilliance; terrifying images; the magical virtuosity of his draughtsmanship and colour; astonished, horrified and fascinated public; to render with hallucinatory clarity; a Catalan bay; mon­strous fragments; against a desolate sky; the history of art; to move to Christian art; magical fantasy.

ii. Give English equivalents of the following phrases:

высокохудожественные произведения; сюрреализм; ве­ликолепное мастерство рисунка и цвета; вступить на свой собственный путь; экспериментировать с полуабстрактными формами; изумленные, очарованные зрители; обратиться к христианскому искусству; на фоне "мертвого" неба; передать с удивительной точностью; чарующая фантазия; ужасные образы; искусствоведение.

iii. Make up sentences of your own with the given phrases.

iv. Arrange the following in the pairs of synonyms:

a) frightful; magical; public; desolate; virtuosity;

b) enchanting; barren; terrifying; excellence; people.

IV. Here are descriptions of some of Dali's works of art. Match them up to the titles given below.

1. Monstrous fragments of humans tower against a desolate sky partly covered with filmy clouds.

2. The "wet watches" are disturbing in their destruction of the very idea of time.