Инфинитив (the infinitive)
Формы инфинитива
| Форма инфинитива | Действительный залог | Страдательный залог |
| Indefinite | to ask | to be asking |
| Continuous | to be asking | - |
| Perfect | to have asked | to have been asking |
| Perfect Continuous | to have been asking | - |
Чаще всего инфинитив употребляется без частицы to в следующих случаях:
 | После модальных глаголов: Несаn speak English. - Он умеет говорить по-английски.
В обороте «Сложное дополнение» после глаголов to let, to make, to feel, to hear, to see, to notice, to watch:
Если в предложении стоят два инфинитива, соединенные союзомand илиor, частица toобычно опускается перед вторым из них: Не promised to telephone or write. – Он пообещал позвонить или написать. |
I'll make him tell me the truth. - Я заставлю его сказать мне правду.Exercise 20.Put “to” before the infinitive where it is necessary:
1 My son asked me __________ let him __________ go to the club.
2 You must make him __________ practice an hour a day.
3 She was made __________ repeat the song.
4 He is not sure that it can __________ be done, but he is willing __________ try.
5 Let me __________ help you with your work.
6 She asked me _________ read the letter carefully and _________ write an answer.
7 You ought __________ take care of your health.
8 I looked for the book everywhere but could not __________ find it.
9 He was seen __________ leave the house.
10 We had __________ put on our overcoats because it was cold.
10. I think you ought __________ apologize.
11. Make him __________ speak louder.
12. Help me … carry this bag.
13. I must __________ go to the country.
14. It cannot __________ be done to-day.
15. The man told me not __________ walk on the grass.
Exercise 21: Use the appropriate form of the infinitive.
1. They want (to take) to the concert by their father.
2. I am glad (to do) all the homework yesterday.
3. This plant is known (to produce) tractors.
4. He wants his son (to become) a lawyer.
5. He seems (to know) French very well: he is said (to spend) his youth in Paris.
Exercise 22:State the forms and functions of the infinitive. Translate the sentences.
1. Our plan was to introduce new methods of research. 2. Here is an example to be followed. 3. They must continue their experiment. 4. All you have to do is to write a letter. 5. He continued to read. 6. I didn’t ask to be told the news. 7. He has a lot of work to do. 8. I left my village to enter the university. 9. To make a choice between these two methods was quite difficult. 10. There are lots of contradictions to be found in your report. 11. The conference to be held tomorrow will be devoted to a dramatic breakthrough in chemistry.
INFINITIVE VS GERUND
GERUND
We use the gerund after:
· prepositions
E.g.: I am keen on dancing.
· some verbs: admit, enjoy, deny, finish, imagine, keep, mind, recommended, suggest.
E.g.: He hates waiting for someone.
INFINITIVE WITH TO
We use the to-infinitive after:
· some verbs: agree, choose, decide, expect, learn, prepare, promise, seem, want, would love, would like.
E.g.: I would love to go to London.
INFINITIVE WITHOUT TO
We use the infinitive without to after:
· modal verbs: can, could, may, might, must, should, etc.
E.g.: I can’t go to the party.
· the auxiliary do
Exercise 23.Use the Gerund, the To-infinitive or the Bare Infinitive:
1. Let’s ___________ (meet) there at six o’clock.
2. I thought of ___________ (leave) before the party.
3. I’m hungry. I feel like ___________ (have) dinner.
4. She invited them ___________ (sit down) at the table.
5. I saw the lorry ___________ (crash) into a lamp post.
6. He denies ___________ (have) killed the dog.
7. They are unable ___________ (agree).
8. She offered ___________ (help) him.
9. Have you stopped ___________ (smoke)?
10. It was so funny that I couldn’t help ___________ (laugh).
11. The driver made us ___________ (push) the car.
12. Before ___________ (accept) , you should consider it carefully.
13. Take this opportunity of ___________ (say) what you really think.
14. She’s good at ___________ (make) speeches.
15. Some Portuguese rivers are said ___________ ( be) polluted.
16. I’m used to ___________ (hear) of his extravagant attitudes.
17. I can’t help __________ (feel) that there is something very wrong somewhere.
18. It’s hard ___________ (decide) which film is the best.
19. We are still waiting for them ___________ (reply).
20. - Are you glad you’re going to meet her?
- Oh, yes. I’m looking forward to ___________ (meet) her.
Exercise 24.Reword the following sentences beginning them as indicated below and make the necessary changes:
1. It is very dangerous to drive so fast.
You shouldn’t __________
2. I’d rather visit Spain than France.
I’d prefer __________
3. Don’t hurry. It’s no use.
It’s no use __________
4. I can keep the car clean.
It’s easy for me __________
5. You shouldn’t travel alone.
You’d better __________
6. I always feel embarrassed when he behaves like that.
I can’t help __________
7. I phoned Bob and then I went out.
After __________
8. Could you turn the radio down, please?
Would you mind __________
9. We wanted to find the place and we did it.
We succeeded in __________
10. We could do radical sports.
He suggested __________
Provide a short project describing your work in the chemical laboratory. You may do it as a “PowerPoint Presentation”, essay, etc.
Make the illustration of the rules “Laboratory Safety”.
Illustrate the laboratory equipment, describing its functions.
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Exercise 25:Complete the sentences. Use the infinitive.
1. It is necessary for her ___________.
2. It is advisable for them ___________.
3. They waited for us ___________.
4. It was important for them ___________.
5. There was no reason for him ___________.
6. For the experiment ___________ he had to do much work.
Exercise 26:Translate the following words and phrases:
1. (Ведите) ___________ yourself in a responsible manner at all times in the laboratory.
2. (Следуйте) ___________ all written and verbal instructions carefully.
3. If you do not ___________ (понимаете) a direction or part of a procedure, ask your teacher before proceeding with the activity.
4. When first entering a science room, do not ___________ (трогайте) any equipment, chemicals, or other materials in the laboratory area until you are instructed to do so.
5. Do not use ___________ (лабораторную стеклянную посуду) as containers for food or beverages.
6. (Уведомите) ___________ the teacher immediately of any unsafe conditions you observe.
7. Dispose of all chemical waste properly. Never ___________ (смешивайте) chemicals in sink drains. Sinks are to be used only for water. Check with your teacher for disposal of chemicals and solutions.
8. Labels and equipment instructions must be read carefully ___________ (перед использованием). Set up and use the equipment as directed by your teacher.
9. Keep hands away from face, eyes, mouth, and body while using chemicals or ___________ (лабораторное оборудование). Wash your hands with soap and water after performing all experiments.
11. (Лабораторный халат) ___________ or smock should be worn during laboratory experiments.
Lead – in
Exercise 1: Identify which types of chemist’s departments are shown in the pictures. Describe the objects you see in the picture.
 |  |  |
| R Chemist’s department R Prescription department R Stock-in-trade department R Assistant’s room |  |
Exercise 2:Complete the sentences with one of the words or phrases given:
| compounding pharmacy patient produced drugs pharmacy medications certain diseases hospital pharmacies materials |
1. _____________________ is a place where the compounding of a particular pharmaceutical product according to the unique needs of a patient takes place.
2. The state system of control is responsible for the effectiveness and harmlessness of the _____________________.
3. Nuclear pharmacy mainly prepares radioactive … for diagnostic tests and for treating _____________________.
4. Some customers find internet pharmacies more convenient and private method rather than traveling to a community _____________________ full of other people.
5. Compounding pharmacies are special kind of pharmacies where medicines are compounded in accordance with the unique need of a _____________________.
6. _____________________ typically provide medications for the hospitalized patients only, and are not retail establishments.
Exercise 3: Complete the text using the words and phrases:
| prescription service health drugs laboratories chemist’s shops treatment costs medications pharmaceutical effectiveness preparations |