Her wish to become young was too great
Практикум по правилам чтения
Для студентов I курса неязыковых факультетов. Часть I
Издательство Тюменского государственного университета, 2005
Войтик Н. В., Елесина М. А., Фомина Е. В. Практикум по правилам чтения для студентов I курса неязыковых факультетов. Часть I. Тюмень: Издательство ТюмГУ, 2005.
Данный практикум предназначен для начального этапа изучения английского языка и его цель – овладение навыками чтения и их систематизация. Правила чтения каждой буквы и всех буквосочетаний представлены в многочисленных таблицах. Для отработки произносительных навыков предлагаются также упражнения, тестовые задания и тексты.
Печатается по решению кафедры иностранных языков естественнонаучных факультетов.
Рецензенты: Латфуллина И. Д., ст. преподаватель кафедры иностранных языков естественнонаучных факультетов;
Мастерских С. В., канд. филол. наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков гуманитарных факультетов.
© Тюменский государственный университет, 2005.
© Войтик Н. В., Елесина М. А., Фомина Е. В.
PRE-UNIT
The A B C
| A a[ eI ] B b[ bI: ] C c[ sI: ] D d[ dI: ] E e[ I: ] F f[ ef ] G g[ GI: ] H h[ eIC ] I i[ QI ] J j[ GeI ] K k[ keI ] L l [ el ] M m [ em ] | N n[en] O o[ Oυ ] P p [ pI: ] Q q [ kjυ: ] R r [ Q: ] S s [ es ] T t[ tI: ] U u[ jυ: ] V v [ VI: ] W w [ 'dAbl 'jυ: ] X x[ eks ] Y y[ ωQI ] Z z[ zed ] |
Таблица чтения гласных
| закрытый слог | открытый слог | Гласные буквы | гласная + r | гласная + r + гласная |
| [ x ] bag | [ eI ] may, make | A a | [ Q: ] car | [ eq ] care |
| [ e ] pen | [ I: ] bee, Pete | E e | [ q: ] her | [ Iq ] here |
| [ O ] not | [ Oυ ] no, rose | O o | [ O: ] north | [ O: ] more |
| [ A ] but | [ jυ: ] due, cube | U u | [ q: ] turn | [ jυq ] cure |
| [ I ] little, gym | [ QI ] time, cry | I, Y | [ q: ] bird, myrtle | [ QIq ] wire, tyre |
UNIT 1
| 1. открытый слог [ eI ] A a-закрытый слог [ x ] | blame, fame, vale, blade, tape, lane, make, pale, sake, ale, hate sat, lamp, bad, fan, pan, lad, sand, van | ||||
| 2. открытый слог [ I: ] E e- закрытый слог [ e ] | eve, me, mete, Pete, bee net, lend, pen, spent, bent, left, let, bed, men, ten, best, rest, step | ||||
     3. открытый слог [ Oυ ] O o- закрытый слог [ O ] | so, no, stone, sole, zone, dome, nose, slope, rose, go lot, stop, not, on, off, spot, odd, slot, doll, dot, soft | ||||
   4. [ s ] перед e, i, y C c- [ k ] перед a, o, u; в конце слова | centre, space, 'sentence, cent can, case, cor'rect, cone, cat | ||||
| 5. [G] передe, i, y G g - [g ] во всех остальных случаях | But: get [ gеt ], give [ gIV ], girl [ gq:l ] gale, god, grim, 'gossip, glad, gas, got page, gym, 'gypsy, 'gentle | ||||
| 1 а) tram bag pan tramp pram mass grand ram drag lass | b) date late plate state skate | fate made trade wade safe | |||
| c) graze – braze – craze maze – mane – dame ale – sale – make ape – tape – plate ace – cape – crape late – tale – trade save – sale – same | d) pan – pane flat – late can – cane bat – bate Sam – same hat – hate tram – tame glad – glade man – mane mat – mate rat – rate lamp – lane tap – tape fat – flake | ||||
Test yourself: blame, pale, mate, fate, make, fame, lamp, stamp, lake, bad, late, plan, ale, date, vale, bat, nave, tape, pan, fan, blade, lane, cake, brake, wake, flake, cape, Sam, tram, can, bake, tack, glad, hat, maze, grace, trace, skate, sad, bag, Ann, game, sat, lamp.
2 a) trek pen Nell b) met – mete fence – Eve
stress press leg pet – Pete mend – Mede
mess left keg bed – be met - mete
hem dress peg bell – grebe zed – zebu
lest stem egg wed – Swede melt – bede
beg spell desk cent – grebe
| c) pen – pan men – man ten – tan | bed – bad leg – lag beg – bag | end – and lend – land deb – damp | met – mat bed – bat fet – fat |
d) bat – bet – bade ass – mess – mace man – men – mane
bad – bed – bade dam – den – dam cab – ken – cane
flat – let – late pan – pen – pane lamp – led – lane
3 a) home – Rome prone – strove spoke – coke
bone – cone tone – prone broke – stoke
no – stone robe – rope dome – nose
strove – grove probe – grope home – rose
code – vote lode – note tone – close
smoke – woke lobe – lope pole – vote
b) trod pond prod prop smog
moss grog loss drop dot
lost stop bog spot loss
c) boss – broke cross – loss hop – hope blob – lobe
not – note stoke – coke mop – mope nod – node
mock – smoke rod – rode cod – code pop – pope
d) Oh, no! Go home alone! Don’t go slow. Don’t go slowly, Joe. Don’t go slowly, Joe, there is no snow. Don’t go slowly, Joe, there’s no snow on the road.
4 a) can act correct camp clap
cat fact cost club crop
b) cent space trace cist place
ace nice ice cell pencil
face price 'pencil cyst
c) cist – cyst cab – cad – cam since – fence
cell – Celt can – camp – cap mince – pence
cell – cent cob – cod – con since – mince
clog – crop – cop fence – pence
cum – scum – cut hence – trace
5 a) gem – gym b) gap – gas – gad
gest – gist got – god – gob
gig – gyp golf – glad – grab
gin – gim grog – gloss – goblin
age – rage
page – strange
gentle – range c) bad – lag – hag – brag – crag
'gypsy [ 'GIpsI ] beg – leg – keg – clog – peg
big – pig – brig – Greg – big
bog – log – hog – fog – flog
Test yourself:'sentence, gym, 'gypsy, gig, range, cent, cor'rect, snow, mince, bade, scene, rage, since, 'local, cell, smoke, code, probe, centre, glad, spent, lend, cape, mete, desk, late, hate, cane, bed, camp, ice, price, page, age, crag, beg, 'traffic, hence, face, land, lace, table, hand, place, stop, Rome, close, test, rode, can, drive, cake, tent, page, state, pole, tip, brake, code, lake, damp, tell, came, stand, trace, side, nice.
UNIT 2
| 6.Y y - [ j ] в начале слова | yes, yet, yell, yelp, yoke |
  7. открытый слог [ QI ] I, Y- закрытый слог [ I ] | by, dye, my, tie, size, mine, fine, dive, style, pine, like, time, tyke, bye, dyke, type, life if, nip, tip, fit, tin, kid, tint, is, did, 'system |
   8. открытый слог [ jυ: ] U u-[ υ: ] после r, l, j закрытый слог [ A ] | cube, rule, mule, use, Hume, rude, brume, June, junior nut, but, cut, bus, sum, hug, luck, brush But:busy [ bIzI ] |
| 9.ck - [ k ] | lick, lack, stick, nick, black, sack, deck, pack, clock, stuck |
6 a) yes – yet bell – yell
you – yoke elm – yelp
yam – yak end – yes
7a) it – did nip – nib trip – big
bit – bid rip – rib strip – pin
it – lid strip – trim miss – print
kit – kid pin – bin him – grip
prim – brim prill – brill list – still
b) by style tyke fly – sly
my dyke type fry – pry
cry syce Tyke my – dry
c) file – tile mile – pile rid – ride tie – die
fine – dine lime – crime grid – bride bye – dye
pipe – ripe gripe – stripe scrip – scribe lie – pie
ride – side bride – pride mince – mine lye – rye
drive – wife strive – wife wince – wine
8 a) use – fuse – cute brume – Rome mule – mole
mute – fume – Hume rule – role Hume – home
muse – cube – tube prune – prone fume – bone
huge – mule –due tune – tone huge – cola
b) ruse – Bruce plume – flute price – spruce
rune – prune flute – fluke rise – ruse
Hume – brume fluke – plume scribe – cube
prude – brute fly – flute rice – truce
rude – crude ply – plume 'useful – re'fuse
due – huge fly – rude pro'duce – oppor'tunity
dry – dune
c) cub – cube tub – tube fuss – fuse huge – cute
us – use hug – huge tune – truce tune – mule
cut – cute luck – Luke dune – spruce rug – glue
rud – rude nut – true suck – stuck duck – duke
run – rune rut – dug struck – cut brush – Brume
plum – plume bus – blue sum – mule luck – fluke
rub – rule rub – rude 'under – use dull – duke
d) dis'cuss, 'customer, pro'duction, 'study, 'under, 'uncle, 'unit, un'less, un'like, un'til, up, up'set, up-to-day
| a) pack – stack – slack Nick – stick – click deck – neck – reck duck – stuck – struck lock – clock – block | b) click – fleck – clock – cluck – clack dick – deck – dock – duck – back sick – neck – sock – suck – sack lick – lock – luck – lack – luke |
Test yourself: by, dye, my, tie, size, but, if, nip, tip, system, fit, mine, gum, fine, dive, tin, style, pine, fun, tug, life, side, lift, sin, pipe, tide, kid, like, time, up, tint, tyke, bye, dyke, yelp, dike, is, did, nine, type, life, hug, slip, bug, dip, lid, mill, kill, like, file, smile, try, glade, glide, globe, dame, dime, dome, plug, grape, ripe, rope, stale, style, stole, huge, raze, rise, yoke, rose, tape, type, cup, trope, bug, lug, nut, cock, left, page, cross, deck, run, plus, big, tube, study, sum, tube, cone, dress, me, sunny, luck, rule, dry.
UNIT 3
| 10. [ υ: ] перед m, l, n oo- [ υ ] | fool, spoon, soon, tool, pool, too, zoo look, took, hook, good, brook, book, foot |
| 11. j dge- [ G ] | just, June, jet, Jeff, Jam, Jack, jazz, jig badge, lodge, bridge |
| 12. sh- [ S] | she, shall, shop, ship, shape, fish, dish, fresh, ship |
   13. ch в словах англ. происхождения - [ C ] tch | chest, check, inch, lynch, chap, chill, such, match, latch, ditch, catch, snatch, hatch, crutch , chop, chess, match |
10 a) bug – book b) good – hook
hug – hook stood – took
tug – took foot – book
nut – nook wood – look
lug – look cook – wool
c) loo – too – zoo – woo d) poodle
loom – toon – zoom – swoon noodle
loop – stoop – swoop toodle
sloop – coop – troop – snoop tat'too – sa'loon
hoot – loot – root – moot bal'loon – ba'boon
11 a) gap – jab gut – jut got – jot jib – gin
gust – just gum – jam gog – jog jest – gest
gag – Jack gosh – Josh god – Jo just – gist jam – gem jin – gin
b) jest – yes jazz – yam
jet – yet Jack – yak
jam – yam Jam – yell
c) dog – dodge leg – fledge bad – badge
log – lodge hog – hedge odd – dodge
bag – badge brig – bridge bud – budge
plug – plunge egg – edge fled – fledge
fringe – hinge lunge – plunge led – ledge
12a) shop – shot b) ash – dash – rash – cash
shell – shelf mesh – dish – fresh – fish
shall – sham smash – splash – crash – trash
shock – shod rush – hush – flush – crush
chat – shunt shut – shim – shrill – shrimp
13 a) chess chest check b) hatch – latch – match – much
chap chat champ fetch – drench – crutch – snatch
chin chill chip itch – hitch – pitch – rich – scratch
chop chuck chat
c) chip – ship cash – catch d) back – batch – badge
chop – shop crush – Dutch block – blotch – lodge
crutch – grudge etch – edge deck – etch – edge
fetch – fledge inch – fringe luck – lunch – plunge
blotch – lodge check – change lick – lynch – hinge
[ 'CeInG ]
e) Madge – age
badge – page
cadge – cage
cadge – sage
Test yourself:fledge, luck, fetch, chip, itch, match, badge, yell, root, smash, wood, bug, sa'loon, bridge, June, joke, huge, gulf, yoke, good, took, inch, such, jazz, hook, zoo, stood, catch, fresh, bridge, fledge, crash, chat, crush, wool, jump, loop, jest, moon, fresh, hatch, check, shape, noodle, go, block, shelf, judge, shine, kitchen, cage, loose, jungle, shell, ditch, spoon, shape, gum, chest, fridge, soot, June, pitch, trash, shall, chuck, jet, food, shock, cool, sock, log, swoon, jab, loom.
UNIT 4
  14.ee - [ I: ] ea | see, meat, feet, need, lead, sleep, deed, sea, feed, fleet, zeal, east, keep, feel, pea, deal, leaf, mean |
   15. ai - [ eI ] ay | pain, vain, mail, day, lain, may, pay, say, clay, aim, fail, sail, bay, lay, claim, plain |
| 16.e, i, y-[ I ] в безударном положении | 'study, 'noisy, 'lobby, 'pony, 'sorry, 'lorry, 'duty, be'gin, di'vide |
  17. [ T ] th- [ D ] | theme, thick, thin, depth, tenth, fifth they, these, then, with, them, those, thus, this, that, father |
   18. oв безуд. полож. a - [ q] u | 'sofa, 'comma, 'husband, pa'rade a'gain, a'go, to'day, up'on |
14 a) fee – tree keep – been – seen
feel – green speech – keen – green
sheet – sheep feed – need – sleeve
freeze – meet see – sweep – feet
bee – see need – deep – sleep
b) fee – feel c) eat – meat mete – meat – meet
glee – green tea – sea seam – seem – weak
lee – sleep pea – beam scene – scream – screen
bee – been heat – neat eat – pea – clean
see – seen tree – meat sea – seat – cheap
deep – keen east – deal deal – each – seat
d) week – weak e) weal, veal, teen, weed, real, deed, treat,
see – sea weald, wheel, beach, Greek, peak,
meet – meat sneeze, sheep, sweep, seal, reap
speech – speak
reed – read
seem – seam
screen – scream
f) lead – lid bean – bin g) feel – fill green – grin
leap – lip eat – it beet – bit heed – hid
least – list reach – rich week – wick sleet – slit
meal – mill seat – sit cheek – chick been – bit
peach – pitch heat – hit sleep – slip fleet – fit
beat – bit peak – pick seek – sick sweet – wit
each – itch read – rid deed – did feel – fit
Read: The art of Biography
Is different from Geography.
Geography is about maps,
Biography is about chaps.
15say sail stay stain main
day drain tray tail train
pay pail play plain gait
way wail may Spain lay
16 a) 'baby 'sorry b) 'carry – 'tarry 'merry – 'Perry
'lady 'lorry 'marry – 'parry 'cherry – 'sherry
'very 'crazy 'sorry – 'sherry fatty – jolly
'lobby 'finally 'ferry – 'cherry dandy – fancy
'berry happy
c) em'bed d) 'marry e) in'scribe
re'cede 'very in'blame
de'stroy 'baby dis'close
re'ply 'lady dis'cover
de'fy 'story dis'cuss
de'ny 'vary 'public
f) Be'gin to read.
Ex'plain it.
Re'peat it, please.
Re'peat it again.
'Try it again. The rain in Spain is mainly in the plain.
17a) thin thick theft thrift b) with
width thump throb thin thus
thrill thrum thrill thud them
myth depth smith thug this
math tenth thug thrust that
thump theft depth myth then
kith filth smith cloth than
c) this – myth that – math with – filth
this – pith that – depth with – smith
this – throb that – thrill with – thrill
d) sick – thick zip – this
sin – thin zed – then
silk – thrill Zen – then
mat – math dad – that
tilt – filth dust – thus
kit – kith disk – this
tent – tenth den – then
18a) a'gain 'comma up'on a'gree suc'cess
a'go 'sofa un'less pro'pose 'algebra
to'day a'bout sug'gest o'pinion 'binary
a'gainst sa'lute un'like con'trol 'capital
b) a 'book, a 'house, a 'boy, a 'pen, a 'song, an 'end, a man, a dog, a club
Test yourself:zoom, ago, nurse, jest, ba'boon, 'traffic, foot, prize, ad'dress, 'comma, 'public, June, tease, u'pon, jest, thrum, thug, 'hurry, crush, with, de'ny, pith, de'fy, breath, em'bed, past, flask, di'rect, breathe, re'cede, math, thrill, thus, in'flame, vast, 'marry, mess, chum, 'family, agree, theme, thick, happy, width, length, them, student, myth, story, rep'ly, gain, then, sixth, with, com'pose, bath, bathe.
UNIT 5
| 19. [ ks ] x- [ gz ] перед ударной гласной | next, text, sex, vex, box, ex'cept, ex'pect, 'excellent, tax e'xam, e'xist, ex'ample, e'xact, e'xhibit |
| 20. oi -[ OI ] oy | oil, point, boy, soil, noise, toy, coin, voice |
| 21. kn-[ n ] | knee, knife, knock, knew, knell |
| 22. ng- [ N ] в конце слова nk-[ Nk ] But: [ Ng ] 'single, 'finger, 'singular в середине слова | English, ring, thing, bring, ink bank, wing, wrong, hang, rang, drink, length, strength, think |
| 23. qu- [ kω ] | quick, quiz, quite, quote, quit |
| 24. s, ss, sc- [ s ] s-[ z ] между гласными | bus, sense, miss, scent ease, tease, please, his, noise |
19 a) fix next fox b) ex'act
text six flax ex'hibit [ Ig'zIbIt ]
ox box ax ex'aggerate [ Ig'zæGqreIt ]
mix Max e'xist [ Ig'zIst ]
ex'amination [ IgzæmI'neISn ]
ex'ample [ Ig'zQ:mpl ]
20 a) boy soil join noisy 'boiler
toy spoil joist poison 'boycott
joy toil moist 'roister point
troy oil voice 'toilet coin
21a) knit – knock knap – nap
knife – knave knick – Nick
knick – knack knell – Nell
knap – knag knack – snack
knot – knob knot – not
knell – knelt knife – wife
b) knap – nap c) knap – cat
knick – Nick knick – kick
knell – Nell knot – cot
knack – snack knock – cock
knot – not knave – cave
knag – nag knob – rob
knife – wife knoll – lot
knave – wave knelt – net
22a) sing – king gang – tang b) ink – link
ring – bring bang – sprang brink – clink
sling – fling lung – flung drink – think
spring – swing song – gong tank – thank
flank – frank
bunk – chunk
c) sing – sang – sung d) ink sang
ring – rang – rung link ping
cling – clang – clung bank strong
sting – stang – stung trunk bring
spring – sprang – sprung wink swing
fling – flang – flung
e) ran – rang – range f) 'single
ban – bang – bank 'finger
tan – tang – tank 'singular
tug – rung – trunk
thin – thing – think g) sing – singe – inch – ink
sink – sank – sunk bring – cringe – pinch – pink
stink – stank – stunk – stitch
king – fringe – winch – wink
drink – drank – drunk
flung – flunge – hunch – hunk
lung – lunge – bunch – bunk
23quill – quilt
quick – quip
quiz – quint
quell – well
quest – west
24 a) is – his b) bus 'person add'ress
as – has release 'sense res'ponse
rose – nose case suc'cess
rise – noise suspense c) his – kiss bus – is
lose – close reset his – hiss plus – is
zone – those mesa his – miss us – is
rise – prize cross
zoo – zoom rose
braze – maze close
Test yourself:next, exist, quip, knit, 'singular, knick, set, bang, trunk, voice, e'xaggerate, joy, knag, tang, single, moist, troy, thing, thank, sale, be'long, meeting, ring, song, kneel, knoll, ex'act, send, e'xample, ex'hibit, fix, sane, sake, scent, scene, close, prose, science, quiz, oil, ex'treme, quite, point, text, depth, re'sponse, strength, toy, ex'cept, knee, these, prize, thing, 'liquid, noise, knave, spring, swing, quick, boil, trunk, box, coil.
UNIT 6
| 25. ea-[ e ]перед d, th | dead, bread, ready, feather, leather, head But: break [ breIk ], great [ greIt ], steak [steIk ], create [ krI: 'eIt ] |
| 26. o-[ A ] перед m, n, th, v | 'company, 'become, done, won, 'mother, glove, dove, some, 'cover, front, month, love, 'wonder, a'bove, 'other, come, 'money |
  27. ew - [ jυ: ] eu | new, few, knew, stew, mew, dew, pew, hew neutral, feudal, 'Euclid, 'Eugene, 'Europe |
| 28. i+ld,nd- [ QI ] | grind, be'hind, mild, kind, blind, wild, find But: gild [ gIld ], wind [ ωInd ], [ωQind ] |
| 29. igh-[ QI ] | fight, light, might, night, high, right, bright sight, tight, to'night |
25a) head – read – spread – thread – dead – dread
feather – weather – breath – death – stead – lead
b) heading – 'deadly c) a'head heal – head
spread – 'dreadful in'stead deal – dead
thread – steady be'head steal – stead
be'spread beat – breath
be'stread treat – thread
d) heed – head e) Whether the weather be fine,
deep – death Whether the weather be not,
breed – bread Whether the weather be cold,
breed – breath Or whether the weather be hot,
deed – dead We’ll weather the weather
reed – fleet Whatever the weather
Whether we like it or not.
26son come love wonder other cover become
won some dove mother another money London
front above glove brother month company
27 a) feud few grew rue – drew
deuce new crew due – dew
Zeus chew threw flue – flew
true – sue
b) 'neutral – 'newly 'Andrew – 'Lewis
'Newton – 'Euclid 'newish – a'new
'Eugene – 'Newton re'new – 'newal
28-29a) wild – child – mild
nigh – sigh – nigh – thigh
fight – night – tight – sight – might
slight – light – right – bright – plight
kind – mind – find – bind – blind – rind
b) file – fight mite – might will – wild pile – plight
style – sight tile – tight chill – child
Nile – night lime – light mill – mild
c) wink – wing – wind
brink – bring – bind
sink – fling – find
think – spring – grind
Test yourself: London, night, wind, light, cover, bread, front, new, front, become, 'ready, 'feudal, some, a'nother, won, great, blind, high, Nile, weather, plight, hew, a'bove, to'night, breath, dead, thread, child, high, 'Monday, dew, son, mind, light, come, right, few, bright, find, head, knew, dove, sight, de'light, fight, break, weather, other, done, mild, tight, feather, flew, wonder, might.
UNIT 7
 30. [ ∫ ] в словах ch- франц. происх. - [ k ] в словах греч. происхождения | ma'chine, chef, Chi'cago, chimes, chic, champagne [∫æm'peIn ] 'scholar, chrome, chorus, chloride, 'architect, scheme, school |
| 31. гласные в ударном слоге читаются как в открытом слоге перед согласной + le | 'stable, 'title, 'able, 'idle, 'maple, 'Bible, 'sable |
| 32. ph- [ f ] в словах греческого происхождения | 'physics, phi'losophy, 'telephone, 'phrase, 'photo, 'photgraph, 'telegraph, 'alphabet, 'graphic |
| 33.a+ff, th-[ Q: ] | 'pather, 'father, 'bathroom, path |
 34.a+lm[ m] a+ lf[ f ] [ Q: ] -a+nce a+nch a+nt | palm, balm, salmon, calm calf, half, halves dance, glance, France, chance ranch, branch grant, plant, can’t, shan’t |
| 35. ey - [ eI ] ei | grey, o'bey, they, veil |
| 36. a+s+cогл.- [ Q: ] | ask, task, fast, grasp, plaster, master, pass, class, task, grass, last, vast, last |
30 machine, chef, Chicago, chimes, chrome, chlorite, scheme, chorus, architect, mechanic, technical, character
31a) tape – table b) rifle sable cobble
state – stable stifle cable noble
cape – cable trifle table ogle
ape – able cycle stable fugle
babe – fable title Maple Bible
idle bridle
32phone phase 'phantom 'telegraph
phlok phrase Phillip 'atmosphere
Phipps photo phut 'alphabet
Phony phobia 'paragraph
33a) staff – chaff b) calm – palm calves – halves
aft – craft – shaft calm – charm leaf – leaves
bath – path – lath balm – palm life – lives
staff – bluff – fluff calf – half wife – wives
c) France – chance – dance – glance shunt – shan’t
plant – grant – can’t – shan’t hunt – can’t
branch – stanch – ranch – planch stuff – staff
cuff – chaff
d) bat – bath
lad – lath
pat – path
34a) calm – palm calf – half half – harm calm – charm
calf – half calf – scarf balm – barn palm – farm
calve – halve
balm – palm
35 a) grey fey b) same – they plane – feint
rein vein face – fey wave – vein
veil trey trace – trey crane – rein
they skein
feint ley
36a) class – pass – glass – grass – brass
ask – task – flask – bask – mask
fast – past – cast – vast – mast
b) past – pass – grasp
fast – glass – clasp
cast – class – gasp
last – grass – rasp
Test yourself: ma'chine, phlok, 'telephone, rein, 'technical, 'alphabet, chaff, halves, phrase, glance, staff, chef, 'chronicle, path, grey, cable, obey, palm, calm, fast, de'mand, me'chanics, 'character, plant, noble, scholar, stable, physics, graphics, they, pass, glass, fast, task, class, past, branch, bath, half, hey, glass, stable, noble, photo, idle.
UNIT 8
37.  au - [ L ]   aw | 'autumn, hawk, law, paw, draw, August, 'saucer, fault, dawn, maul, Paul, pawl, 'raucid, raw, saw, sawn, 'saunter, saucy, tawdry, taut, 'tawny, pause, vaunt, bawd, awful |
| 38. lt a-[ L ] ll lse lk[ k ] | 'Baltic, chalk, palsy, palter, talk, walk, waltz, altar, alter, 'altering, bald, balk, 'balsam, chalk, 'falcon, falter, halt, also, 'almost, all |
| 39. oar-[ L ] | oar, boar, hoard, hoar, hoarse, coarse |
| 40. au + gh-[ L ] ou | caught, fought, nought, brought, thought, taught, sought, 'naughty, draught, ought |
| 41. qua-[ kωL ] | 'quadrant, quad, 'quadral, quaff, 'quadrate, 'quarrel, 'quality, 'quantity, quant, quart, quartz, quash, 'quarry |
37a) paw saw b) haunt – taunt c) 'August – 'aurrist
maw raw haunch – launch 'aura – 'aural
jaw yaw 'Mauna – jaunt 'austral – 'auburn
law caw 'awful – 'sawmill 'auto – 'autumn
claw slaw 'bawdy – 'sawder (n не читается)
taw thaw 'trawler – 'crawler
38 a) all – fall – small – tall – stall b) talk – chalk all – balk
call – ball – salt – small – false chalk – walk wall – walk
falling – calling – stalling – wall small – talk stall – stalk
salty – fallen – baldly – spall all – chalk call – chalk
task – talk mask – chalk
ask – chalk cask – stalk
stalk – balk bask – balk
c) calm – palm calf – half carves – halves
calm – balm palm – half calf – scarf
39 board, coarse, hoarse, roar, boar, oar, hoard, hoar, soar
40a) ought fought draught
nought saught daughter
bought thought brought
b) fort – fought ought
sort – sought 'daughter
thorn – thought draught
north – naught caught
41 a) quad – squad b) 'quadrant c) quail quiet
quash – squash quadral quaint quill
gosh – quarrel quadrate quake 'quota
quality queen
qualifi'cation quick
Test yourself:auto,bauble, fault, 'quality, half, 'naughty, coarse, wall, alter, Paul, wash, fought, quart, ought, hoar, walk, 'saucer, 'August, 'quarrel, 'daughter, 'almost, 'Baltic, draw, 'quarter, auto'matic, cause, call, brought, thought, low, caught, false, quantity, hoard, quant, pause, bought, thought, quash, spall, chalk, author.
UNIT 9
    42. er ir [ q: ] в yrударном urслоге | herd, turn, skirt, sir, terse, dirty, serf, nerve, first, curd, purse, thirty, serf, girl, burst, spur, turtle, myrtle |
   43. eer - [ Iq ]  ear ere | cheer, beer, veer, steer, clear, ear, hear, near, fear, year, dear, queer, deer, dear, merely, mere, sere, here But: were [ ωq ], [ ωq: ] |
  44. ire - [ QIq ] yre | tired, mire, lyre, Shire, tyre, hire, sa'tire |
| 45. ure-[ jυ:∂] | lure, pure, cure, en'dure, se'cure |
| 46.oor-[ υq ] | moor, spoor, poor But:floor [ flL ], door [ dL ] |
42a) her, ob'serve, 'verses, 'person, re'turn, merge, ab'surd, heard, re'serve
b) fur – 'further surd – 'surplus nurse – 'murder
fur – 'furnish Turk – 'Turkish surd – 'sturdy
fur – 'furnace turk – 'turnip urge – 'urgent
curl – 'curly purr – pure plur – lure
curt – cure 'purchase – 'turnover 'curtain – cure
occur – obs'cure fur – fure
c) thirst – third sir – 'circus first – firstly
firm – 'firman bird – birch dirt – dirty
Read: I observed. I observed an absurd person. I observed the absurd person and I heard her. I observed the absurd person and I heard her recite the verses. When I returned I observed the absurd person and I heard her recite the verses.
43 a) deer beer sere sphere queer
ear near veer steer fear
Shear smear dear rear tear
Here mere spear hear clear
b) nearing, steering, fearing, rearing, clearing, cheering
44a) mire hire tire fire wiry wiring
spire sire quire byre miry firing
tyre pyre lyre squire hiring tiring
b) ad'mire at'tire de'sire
cons'pire re'spire ex'pire
re'quire in'spire re'tire
en'quire
c) fine – fire type – tyre fir – fire
wide – wire site – sire sir – sire
hide – hire mile – mire bird – byre
spite – spire pipe – pyre birch – lyre
quite – quire ar'rive – ad'mire 'firman – 'fireman
45a) en'dure pure – purely
al'lure pure – purer
se'cure pure – purest
lure – luring
46a) poor – poorly b) cute – cure huge – pure
poor – poorer rule – poor mule – moor
poor – poorest plume – spoor
Test yourself:west, term, sphere, here, breeze, these, were, sere, chest, hem, stress, prefer, bed, germ, further, curtain, smart, burst, learn, pure, near, firm, turn, se'cure, wire, circle, hear, verb, cheer, curve, clear, spoor, cure, nerve, burn, re'tire, queer, fire, dirty, third, require, tyre, re'turn, dear, merge, poor, con'vert, ad'mire, hire, person, sir, fur, 'circuit, 'ther'mal, surface, university, early, 'thirsty.
UNIT 10
| 47. ar- [ Q: ] | cart, hard, bar, large, yard, charm, harm, dark, star, bard, car |
| 48. are- [ e¶ ] A + r + гласная | rare, hare, care, square, stare, share, spare, bare, scare But: are [a:] |
  49.air -[ eq ] eir | air, hair, fair, pair, chair, stair, dairy, fairy, their |
 50. or - [ L ] ore | cord, fork, score, port, sport, more, born, core, store, short, sort, forty, explore |
| 51. wa-[ ωO ] | watch, want, wash, wand, wash, was, wander, water, walk |
| 52. war- [ ωL ] | war, ward, warn, warm, re'ward |
| 53. wor- [ ωq: ] | word, worse, world, worst, 'worship, 'network |
47-48 a) mar – mare dark – dare barn – bare
car – care spar – spare farm – fare
star – stare far – fare harm – hare
bar – bare charm – chair tar – tare
b) mate – mare wake – ware
cate – care rake – rare
state – stare bake – bare
shake – share fate – fare
c) far – car – bar – mar – tar – star
car – cart – barn – card – par – carp
part – start – tart – smart – cart – art
arm – farm – darn – barn – tarn – charm
d) cat – cart bad – bard fame – farm scape – scar
mat – smart match – march Dane – darn cape – carp
cap – cart cad – card shame – charm shape – sharp
bat – Bart dad – yard stake – stark spade – spar
e) mare bare care dare fare share
air pair hair fair their careful
prepare parent hairy daring farewell careless
49a) fair – fairly pail – pair hail – hair air – airship
hair – hairless fail – fair air – aim pare – fairy
air – airless chain – chair stain – stair
b) they – their c) fair – fail dare – daring
they – there hair – hail stare – staring
they – where rare – rail share – sharing
where – there chair – chain care – caring
stair – stain pare – parent
air – aim flare – flaring
| 50 a) fort torn sport York short horse | b) for – form sort – short fork – cork nor – norm torch – scorch ford – cord | or – storm torn – thorn born – corn port – porter storm – stormy for – forty | c) fore bore tore ore spore more Yore shore core | ||
| d) cod – corn odd – lord cock – cork fog – forge Bob – born | code – cord tone – torn cone – corn phone – form stone – storm | e) sharp – short card – cord are – form farm – form parch – porch | |||
51-53 a) was – squash watt – wand
watch – wash want – squat
b) 'warmer – wormy work – worker c) 'farmer – warder
warder – worker wored – woredly 'former – warder
wardress – worthy worse – worser varnish – warship
warship – worship worst – worsen Cornish – warty
re'ward – reword worth – worthy [ 'ωq:DI ] barman – wardress
a'ward – a word word – wordy corner – warmer
farther – warmer corny – warship
d) tapper – taper – Tarter ladder – lazy – larder
chatter – chaser – charter manner – maker – market
panty – paper – partner
Test yourself:mare, charm, wormy, award, want, worst, forty, ex'plore, worse, store, share, watch, work, born, card, cord, world, more, far, hard, fair, forty, store, yore, York, porch, phone, are, sore, morning, code, core, harm, their, torn, forge, spore, scorch, far, barn, shake, fare, trade, tale, bag, Sam, dare, care, car, mate, smart, card, rare, fate, square, stare, shame, bart, yard, bare, ware, re'ward, re'port, walk, prepare, article, pair.
UNIT 11
 54. ou- [ Qυ ] ow- [ Qυ, Oυ ] | [ Qu ] out, a'bout, round, town, ground, brown, pound, a'mount, gown, loud, down [ Ou ] row, know, show, blow, throw, snow |
 55. our - [ Qυq ] ower | our, flour, sour, flower |
| 56. wr- [ r ] | wrist, wrench, wry, write, wrap, wrong |
  57. wh- [ ω ] wh + o[ h ] | whine, why, wheel, whale, while, whim, wheat whose [ hυz ], who [ hυ ], whom [ hυm ], whose [ hυz ] |
54[ Qυ ] [ Oυ ]
a) bow al'low browse bow slow
row ac'count crown row tow
cow dis'count ground show mow
now 'output noun glow flow
'powerful found mouse known borrow
b) lone – glow stone – mown
so – slow rose – row
no – mow snow – smoke
c) faun – found sauce – house d) hawk – how
haunt – hound fault – foul dawn – down
laud – loud staunch – stout claw – clown
Maude – mound pause – rouse pawn – pound
pawl – foul
55 a) our – sour – dour – flour – scour – hour [ Qυq ]
b) our – out sour – stout hourly
hour – oust flour – flounce sourly
scour – scout dour – doubt flouring
our – noun sour – south dourer
hour – mouth hour – house scouring
56write – wrote write – wrung wrest – west
writ – wrist wrong – wring wring – wing
wrest – wreck wren – wrench wrote – wove
wrack – wrap wry – wren
wrest – rest write – rite
wrack – rack wrench – trench
wring – ring wry – try
57a)when – which – why – what b) while – wine which – witch
whole – hole – whole – hole what – watt whale – wake
who [ υ: ] – whose [ υ: ] who – rule why – wide
when – wet
[ V - f ] [ ω ]
c) vat – fat d) wet – went – well
van – fan west – wept – swept
vet – vent will – win – wit
vend – felt swim – swift – swell
vin – fin twin – twist – dwell
Read:
a) bid – bed – bond – bump – bard still – stem – stop – stump – stamp
pit – pet – pot – but – bat spill – spell – spot – pump – stand
rib – red – rob – run – tram grip – get – grog – grunt – grand
trip – trek – trod – truss – flax print – press – prop – plump – pram
strip – stress – prod – bust – tramp
miss – mess – moss – muss – mass
him – hem – loss – hum – ham b) timber – timer – thirty
list – lest – lost – last – lass sister – spider – skirmish
big – bed – bog – bug – bag finish – final – firmer
pin – pen – pond – pun – pan differ – diver – dirty
Test yourself:wiry, follow, expire, show, yellow, voted, secure, moor, snow, mountain, vet, whose, our, south, stress, down, wrack, while, dwell, wrench, count, slow, low, why, twist, print, hour, wrong, whole, flower, whom, finish, still, swim, write, noun, hourly.
UNIT 12
| 58. после глух.согл. - [ s ] окончание (e)s - после звонк. согл., гласн. [ z ] после шипящих и свистящих[ Iz ] | ports, months, slopes, cases, forces, pages, chairs, rooms, cameras, borders |
| 59. ea-[ e ] перед sure[ Zq ] | 'leisure, 'pleasure, 'measure, 'treasure But:sure [Sυq], sugar [Sυgq] |
| 60. ture- [ Cq ] | 'picture, 'lecture, 'future, 'culture, 'nature, 'structure |
   61. ssian tion cian-[ Sn ] ssion sion - [ Zn ] | 'nation, 'Russian, 'dictation, 'station, de'cision, 'action, di'vision, trans'lation |
58a) cut – cuts beg – begs refuses
clock – clocks pig – pigs finishes
weep – weeps will – wills changes
shout – shouts bard – bards buses
b) beef – beeves life – lives
calf – calves wolf [ υ ] – wolves [ υ ]
half – halves loaf – loaves
leaf – leaves scarf – scarves
wife – wives self – selves
shelf – shelves thief – thieves [ I: ]
[ s ] [ z ] [ Iz ]
c)cut – cuts bus – buses
clock – clocks beg – begs gas – gases
paint – paints cave – caves plus – pluses
drink – drinks pig – pigs match – matches
stop – stops grave – graves fetch – fetches
fork – forks hill – hills rich – riches
mark – marks wave – waves age – ages
flirt – flirts club – clubs dress – dresses
hope – hopes ale – ales rose – roses
vote – votes stab – stabs race – races
take – takes pole – poles breeze – breezes
grape – grapes hand – hands hinge – hinges
shape – shapes hole – holes brush – brushes
flake – flakes band – hands tax – taxes
point – points eve – eves fox – foxes
wait – waits ten – tens fix – fixes
suit – suits drive – drives rise – rises
fruit – fruits fan – fans horse – horses
boot – boots lime – limes fuss – fusses
root – roots run – runs dish – dishes
hawk – hawks style – styles boss – bosses
fault – faults ring – rings dash – dashes
haunt – haunts crime – crimes flash – flashes
boat – boats tire – tires kiss – kisses
[ s ] [ z ] [ Iz ]
toast – toasts fire – fires force – forces
weep – weeps wire – wires lodge – lodges
cheek – cheeks side – sides fuzz – fuzzes
creep – creeps song – songs
cheat – cheats long – longs
street – streets tribe – tribes
hook – hooks tube – tubes
book – books lung – lungs
mount – mounts carve – carves
count – counts mule – mules
coast – coasts starve – starves
'object – objects spoil – spoils
'traffic – traffics hire – hires
'subject – subjects try – tries
rocket – rockets serve – serves
stripe – stripes join – joins
bite – bites fly – flies
white – whites sire – sires
wake – wakes dry – dries
[ z ]
nerve – nerves rain – rains hear – hears
bard – bards train – trains steer – steers
lord – lords maid – maids boy – boys
firm – firms need – needs stair – stairs
term – terms read – reads pair – pairs
curl – curls cry – cries trey – treys
form – forms leave – leaves sea – seas
ward – wards sleeve – sleeves fir – firs
bird – birds town – towns day – days
car – cars fry – fries fur – furs
star – stars toy – toys fee – fees
care – cares grey – greys stare – stares
59-60
a)measure – measuring 'picture 'culture 'sculpture
pleasure – pleasurer nature future feature
treasure – treasurer fixture mixture texture
lecture – lecturer capture torture gesture
structure – structural furniture signature [ 'sIgnqCq ]
b) Eat at pleasure,
Drink with measure
What do you usually do at leisure?
61'section re'ception attraction deduction motion
action at'tention refraction reduction notion
sanction cor'rection distraction production
pro'motion commotion translation e'quation [ I'kωeISn ]
Test yourself: dairy, flour, measure, matches, production, structure, leisure, stair, ear, lecturer, veer, sour, decision, treasure, illusion, sculpture, queer, year, emotion, furniture, action, fair, cheer, our, confusion, television, oppression, mathematician, dresses, cares, leaves.
UNIT 13
| 62. после звонк. согл., гласн. - [ d ] ed - после глух.согл. - [t ] после t, d - [ Id ] | 'mated, 'fainted, re'ferred, 'married, opp'ressed, 'sweeped, 'dropped, re'laxed, 'aired, 'entered, 'learned, di'vided |
| 63. o + ld - [ Oυld ] | old, cold, fold, gold |
| 64. ing - [ IN ] | ring, sing, planning |
[ t ] [ d ] [ Id ]
62a)chop – chopped bar – barred vote – voted
shop – shopped star – starred de'bate – de'bated
stop – stopped pre'fer – pre'ferred note – noted
chip – chipped offer – offered hate – hated
shock – shocked dare – dared found – founded
chuck – chucked air – aired date – dated
tax – taxed play – played faint – fainted
mix – mixed de'stroy – de'stroyed seat – seated
match – matched lodge – lodged heat – heated
greet – greeted
boot – booted
wait – waited
[ t ] [ d ] [ d ]
b) top – 'stopped blame – blamed row – 'rowed
flop – 'flopped try – 'tried charge – charged
shop – 'shopped flame – flamed tire – 'tired
ship – 'shipped fry – 'fried sneeze – sneezed
chip – 'chipped rage – raged sleeve – sleeved
force – forced cry – 'cried ease – eased
shock – 'shocked dare – 'dared cool – cooled
back – 'backed cone – coned dream – dreamed
pack – 'packed care – 'cared clean – cleaned
crack – 'cracked stone – stoned peal – pealed
check – 'checked share – 'shared fool – fooled
peck – 'pecked close – closed roof – roofed
link – 'linked stare – 'stared slow – 'slowed
wink – 'winked tune – tuned rub – 'rubbed
thank – 'thanked fear – 'feared fog – 'fogged
flank – 'flanked fuse – fused pin – 'pinned
smash – 'smashed near – 'neared poise – poised
crash – 'crashed use – used skin – 'skinned
fish – 'fished fire – 'fired rail – railed
cash – 'cashed charm – charmed leg – 'legged
wash – 'washed hire – 'hired plug – 'plugged
wish – 'wished scorn – scorned bag – 'bagged
tax – 'taxed
fix – 'fixed
[ t ] [ t ] [ d ]
box – 'boxed step – 'stepped play – 'played
mix – 'mixed watch – watched stave – starved
press – 'pressed fork – forked fail – failed
dress – 'dressed cork – corked web – 'webbed
kiss – 'kissed pace – paced trim – 'trimmed
ask – asked trace – traced name – named
fetch – fetched match – matched carve – carved
mark – marked sweep – sweeped call – called
cheek – cheeked leash – leashed show – 'showed
creep – creeped book – booked
63 a)old – cold – fold – hold – bold – gold
b) curl – old c) boat – bold d) oil – old
bird – bold soap – sold boil – bold
hurl – hold goat – gold coil – cold
firm – fold coat – cold soil – sold
turn – told foam – fold toil – told
murk – mold wove – wold foil – fold
64 planning rubbing boxing potting
sitting robbing nesting sensing
stopping digging fishing fencing
hitting bidding singing solving
humming milling sticking flashing
Test yourself:old, cold, fold, gold, 'mated, 'fainted, re'ferred, 'married, opp'ressed, 'sweeped, 'dropped, re'laxed, 'aired, 'entered, 'learned, di'vided, a'voided, ring, sing, planning, walked, priced, liked, scraped, hoped, sloped, talked, asked, washed, turned, turned.
Additional Exercises
Exercise 1
a) Cod – code – cork – core mat – mate – mar – mare
stock – stoke – storm – store plum – plume – blur – lure
shot – shone – short – shore punch – pule – purr – pure
net – neat – nerve – near Nack – shake – shark – share
hen – heat – her – here stack – stake – star – stare
quench – queen – perm – queer cut – cute – curt – cure
fin – fine – fir – fire sit – site – sir – sire
spit – spite – spirt – spire
Exercise 2
'Safe, 'even, 'mine, tube, 'nylon, due, life, style, dry, same, smoke, fame, mile, pole, drive, 'duty, 'eve, those, 'battle, club, jump, much, 'subject, myth, lorry, re'sult, 'butter, cute, pigs, 'budget, 'tiny.
Exercise 3