В) в тексте нет информации (no information)
1. "Positioning" the product - that is, the insistence on reputable products and services by consumer groups.
2. The public’s dissatisfaction with the actions of a firm has led to a reduction in sales.
3. Markets tend to be segmented as each group calls for products suited to its tastes.
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VIII. Прочитайте абзац 3 и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:
What must be integrated into a sound marketing program?
Контрольная работа №2
Вариант 1
I. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.
1. Countries buy and sell various goods as well as various services.
2. In the 19th century Britain dominated international trade.
3. The value of exports is growing faster than the value of imports in Russia.
II. Раскройте скобки, употребляя сравнительную степень. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Scarcity makes things (expensive) and abundance makes them (cheap).
2. The industrial revolution began and the middle classes were growing (strong).
3. Economists like to make things (complicated).
III. Вставьте пропущенные слова. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
| banks, vacancies, insurance, records, profit |
1. A great variety of risks can nowadays be covered by ….
2. Part of the company’s … is paid to shareholders.
3. Commercial … render various services to companies and individuals.
4. Auditors review financial … and report to the management.
5. Business newspaper often publish advertisements of ….
IV. Переведите письменно слова 1-5. Подберите к словам соответствующие определения.
| 1. valuable | a) prepared to do |
| 2. static | b) has to |
| 3. willing | c) immobile, not moving |
| 4. obliged | d) important or worth money |
| 5. constant | e) unchanging |
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V. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык весь текст.
Письменно переведите абзац № 3.
Economics
Economics is the social science that analyzes the production, distribution, and goods and services. The term economics comes from the Ancient Greek oikonomia (“management of a household, administration”). Current economic models emerged from the broader field of political economy in the late 19th century. Classic economies concentrates on how the forces of supply and demand allocate scare products’ and resources. A primary stimulus for the development of modern economics was the desire to use an empirical approach more akin* to the physical sciences.
Economics aims to explain how economies work and how economic agents interact. Economic analysis is applied throughout society in business, finance and government but also in crime, education, the family, health, law, politics, religion, social institutions, war and science. At the turn of the 21st century, the expanding domain of Economics in the social sciences was described as economic imperialism.
Common distinctions are drawn between various dimensions of economics. The primary distinction is between microeconomics, which examines the behavior of basic elements in the economy, including individual markets and agents (such as consumers and firms, buyers and sellers), and macroeconomics, which examines issues affecting an entire economy, including unemployment, inflation, economic growth, monetary and fiscal policy. Macroeconomic models and their forecasts are used by both governments and large corporations to assist in the development and evaluation of economics policy and business strategy.
VI. Прочтите абзац 2 и ответьте письменно на следующий вопрос:
When was the expanding domain of economics described as economic imperialism?
Вариант 2
I. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную формы.
1. The percentage of British exports in world trade declined significantly.
2. Business transactions usually start with enquiries.
3. Investing in infrastructure for industry will encourage economic growth.
II. Раскройте скобки, употребляя сравнительную степень. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. With the data from econometrics, governments can make (good) decisions.
2. If something becomes (expensive), we will spend (little) money on our needs.
3. In a planned economy a doctor is paid (much) than a footballer.
III. Вставьте пропущенные слова. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
| invoices, exports, shares, inflation, cash |
1. The capital of a limited company is divided into …
2. Individuals can deposit … resources that are not needed at present.
3. Commercial … are issued after the goods are shipped.
4. The UK’s principal … are vehicles, machinery and manufactured goods.
5. An … is characterized by rising prices within a certain period of time.
IV. Переведите письменно слова 1-5. Подберите к словам соответствующие определения.
| 1. state-run | a) falling apart or collapsing |
| 2. severe | b) managed by the government |
| 3. crumbling | c) something that other people want |
| 4. eviable | d) not foreign |
| 5. domestic | e) very strict or cruel |
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