Повторение страдательного залога, неличных форм глагола, сослагательного наклонения и условных предложений

114. Still enough evidence is at hand to support a surmise that the South American languages are of a structure similar to that of the North American ones, and that there is a possibility of some day proving all of them to be related.

115. Over most of England the average peasant had to stay where he was, do what he was told, and work for

others as well as for himself, since otherwise the feudal contract could not be fulfilled by his social superiors. The dependency was, in a real sense, mutual. If the social system were not to break down, someone, or rather, some one class, had to provide the labour from which the fighting man could be maintained.

116. His (Defoe's) purpose was to tell a story in a practical manner, clearly, simply, so that every character and every incident should appear perfectly natural.

117. It is somewhat fortunate that the word had been left untranslated by all except in the instances referred to, for if it had been construed as belonging to the root mentioned, it doubtless would have been listed as a Babylonian word.

118. Monistic, holistic, and relativistic views of reality appeal to philosophers and some scientists, but they are badly handicapped in appealing to the «common sense» of the Western average man — not because nature herself refutes them (if she did, philosophers could have discovered this much), but because they must be talked about in what amounts to a new language.

119. Should a reader wish to have books reserved for a longer period than this (2 days), permission must be obtained from the Superintendent of the Reading Room, but it is unusual for permission to be withheld.

120. The fact that the principal poets, Read being one, of a single generation (Yeats only in respect of the year of his birth belonging to a previous generation) should write so much criticism in proportion to their poetry raises a problem whose solution would go far to an understanding of the generation in question, as well as of the poets of that age.

121. This method was admirably adapted to the principles of the Moscow Art Theatre, which aimed at creating a cast where there would be no stars but all the actors would be equally excellent.

122. It seems likely that but for a certain lucky linguistic accident, man would never have discovered the alphabetic principle of writing. Had that been the case, the history of mankind would certainly have been very, very different.

123. My chief object in writing this chapter has been to make the reader realize that language is not exactly

what one-sided occupation with dictionaries and the usual grammars might lead us to think, but a set of habits, of habitual actions, and that each word and each sentence spoken is a complex action on the part of the speaker.

124. Anyone who seeks to learn the fundamental principles of language should master at least one of this type (Finno-Ugric or Altaic).

125. Some upper palaeolithic tools seem already intended for wood-working. Without these new tools the improved hunting and fishing tackle described on p. 45 and the snug houses to be mentioned on p. 45 would have been inconceivable.

126. Goethe describes in «Dichtung und Wahrheit» ¹⁵ how in his youth he would wake up in the middle of the night, jump out of bed and without sitting down at his desk scribble across a piece of paper a poem that had just come into his head, having had the experience that even a little delay might obliterate it from the excited «tablets of his mind».

127. If a translator finds himself forced to omit something, he may be excused if he offers something else in its place, as if he were a merchant who, having promised to deliver a specified weight of a commodity, has failed to do so and must make amends by the gift of an unexpected bonus.

128. The author here would in all probability have been more successful if he had put his stories into the form of the novel.

129. It was remarkable, and must have seemed ironical to himself (to Oscar Wilde), that a man, so much talked of should have found no reward for his gifts except a succession of invitations to dinner.

130. In the shadowy beginnings of human life on earth, primitive men here and there must have had knowledge of the sinking of an island or a peninsula well within the time one man could observe. The witnesses of such a happening would have described it to their neighbours and children, and so the legend of a sinking continent might have been born.

131. Although it was natural, it was none the less disastrous that the earliest writers of textbooks of English

¹⁵ «Dichtung und Wahrheit» — «Поэзия и правда», автобиографическое произведение Гёте

grammar should take as their models the grammars of the Latin tongue.

132. Nobody in the world knows that desolate area like those people, and it is certain that if it had not been for them the Dead Sea Scrolls would still have remained undiscovered.

133. Since my activity, throughout my scholarly life, has been largely devoted to the rapproachment of these two disciplines, I may be forgiven if I preface my remarks with an autobiographic sketch of my first academic experience.

134. In this connection attention may again be called to the statements of Roman grammarians and writers. The inference to be drawn from their testimony would seem to be that Roman Latin had become the standard, normal speech of all Italy and that after the first century A. D. no reference was made to local accents or dialectal variations because none perceptibly continued to exist.