Exercise 13. Are the statements true? If they are, answer It is right, if false, say It is wrong and give the true answer

1. A developed country is one that allows all its citizens to enjoy a free and healthy life in a safe environment according to Kofi Annan, former Secretary General of the United Nations.

2. There is established convention for the designation of "developed" and "developing" countries or areas in the United Nations system.

3. The designations "developed" and "developing express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process.

4. Japan in Asia, Canada and the United States in northern America, Australia and New Zealand in Oceania, and Europe are considered "developed" regions or areas.

5. The countries of eastern Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States in Europe are included under developed regions.

6. The World Bank classifies countries into five income groups.

7. Classification by income reflects development status.

Exercise 14. Fill in the missing prepositions:

1. But according … the United Nations Statistics Division , There is no established convention … the designation …"developed" and "developing" countries or areas… the United Nations system.

2. … international trade statistics, the Southern African Customs Union is also treated as a developed region.

3. Countries emerging … the former Yugoslavia, except … Slovenia, are treated as developing countries.

4. According … the classification from IMF countries… Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan) and Mongolia, were not included … either developed or developing regions.

5. The World Bank classifies countries … four income groups.

6. Classification … income does not necessarily reflect development status.

Exercise 15. Substitute the Russian words for the English ones:

1. Kofi Annan, former генеральный секретарь of the United Nations, defined a developed country as follows. "A developed country is one that allows all its citizens to enjoy a free and healthy life in a safe environment."

general diplomat

general secretary

general ambassador.

2. The designations "developed" and "developing" are intended for statistical удобства.

convenience

use

appliance.

3. The Международный валютный фонд uses a flexible classification system.

International Monetary Market

International Monetary Fund

International Monetary Department

4. Всемирный Банк classifies countries into four income groups.

The World Exchange

The World Stock Exchange

The World Bank.

5. The World Bank classifies all low- and middle- доход countries as developing.

income

loss

gain.

Exercise 16. Translate the sentences into English:

1. Все граждане, живущие в развитой стране, наслаждаются свободной, здоровой и безопасной жизнью.

2. Названия «развитых» и «развивающихся» стран применяются для статистического удобства.

3. Считают, что Япония в Азии, Канада и США в Семерной Америке, Австралия и Новая Зеландия в Океании, Европа – развитые страны.

4. Страны Восточной Европы относят к странам в развитии.

5. Международный Банк подразделяет страны с низким и средним доходом как развивающиеся.

6. Классификация по доходам не отражает статус развития страны.

Exercise 17. Master the active vocabulary:

human migration переселение людей

voluntary добровольное

forced вынужденное

slave trade работорговля

trafficking торговля людьми

ethnic cleansing этническая чистка

settler поселенец

perspective цель

outright conquest полное завоевание

infiltration проникновение, просачивание

resettlement переезд, переселение

Decline of the Roman Empire падение Римской Империи

population genetics популяционная генетика

adjustment регулирование

to launch распустить

threefold mandate тройной мандат

life-span ресурс

stakeholders заинтересованные стороны, круги

Exercise 18. Read the text ““Human Migration”

Human migration is physical movement by humans from one area to another, sometimes over long distances or in large groups. The movement of populations in modern times has continued under the form of both voluntary migration within one's region, country, or beyond, and involuntary migration (which includes the slave trade, trafficking in human beings and ethnic cleansing). People who migrate are called migrants or more specifically, emigrants, immigrants, or settlers, depending on historical setting, circumstances and perspective.

The pressures of human migrations, whether as outright conquest or by slow cultural infiltration and resettlement, have affected the grand epochs in history and in land (for example, the Decline of the Roman Empire); under the form of colonization, migration has transformed the world (such as the prehistoric and historic settlements of Australia and the Americas). Population genetics studied in traditionally settled modern populations have opened a window into the historical patterns of migrations, a technique pioneered by Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza.

Forced migration has been a means of social control under authoritarian regimes yet free initiative migration is a powerful factor in social adjustment and the growth of urban populations.

In December 2003, The Global Commission on International Migration (GCIM) was launched with the support of Secretary-General of the United Nations Kofi Annan and several countries, with an independent 19-member Commission, a threefold mandate and a finite life-span ending December 2005. Its report, based on regional consultation meetings with stakeholders and scientific reports from leading international migration experts, was published and presented to Kofi Annan on 5 October 2005.

Different types of migration include:

1. Seasonal human migration mainly related to agriculture.

2. Rural to Urban, more common in developing countries as industrialization takes effect (urbanization)

3. International migration

Exercise 19. Answer the questions:

1.What is human migration?

2. The movement of populations in modern times has continued, hasn’t it?

3. Which forms of migration do you know?

4. What does involuntary migration include?

5. How are called people who migrate? What does it depend on?

5. What is forced migration?

6. What was launched with the support of Secretary-General of the United Nations Kofi Annan in December 2003?