Blood groups / blood types

blood group A, blood group B, blood group AB, blood group O / blood type O, blood type A, blood type B, blood type AB

Rh factor, Rh-positive, Rh-negative

Diseases and disorders

malady, ailment, disorder, health problem

acute disease, serious disease, heart disease, common diseases

contagious disease, communicable diseases, noncommunicable diseases

to have a heart disease, to suffer from asthma, to catch an infectious disease

to have a headache, to have a toothache, to have earache, to have a pain in the stomach, to have chest pains, my left foot hurts, my wrist hurts

to have an allergy to medication / to drugs

to lose consciousness, to be unconscious

Skin: skin irritation, skin inflammation, redness, tenderness, swelling, rash, dermatitis, itchy skin / itching, acne, pimple, boil, blister, burn, scar, scratch, corn, callus, wart, eczema, psoriasis

Hair: dandruff, split ends, thinning hair, hair loss, baldness

Eye: nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, crossed eyes, conjunctivitis, sty, retinal detachment, cataract, glaucoma, blindness, color-blindness

Ear: wax blockage, hearing loss, earache, ruptured eardrum, otitis / infection of the middle ear

Nose, throat, lungs: nosebleed, runny nose, stuffy nose, rhinitis, allergic rhinitis / hay fever, sinusitis, a cold, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, asthma

Heart and circulation: atherosclerosis, hypertension / high blood pressure, heart disease, coronary heart disease, coronary thrombosis, heart failure, heart attack, cardiac arrest, congenital heart disease, varicose veins, thrombophlebitis

Blood: anemia, bleeding, internal bleeding, hemorrhage, hemophilia, leukemia

Brain and nervous system: headache, migraine, dizziness / giddiness / vertigo, fainting spell, neuralgia, meningitis, epilepsy, convulsions, seizure, stroke, paralysis, cerebral palsy, dementia

Nutrition: vitamin deficiency, mineral deficiency, obesity, to be overweight, weight loss, anorexia, bulimia

Stomach, intestines: heartburn, indigestion, dyspepsia, upset stomach, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, gastritis, ulcer, gastroenteritis, colitis, constipation, appendicitis, hemorrhoids, dysentery, cholera

Liver: hepatitis, jaundice, cirrhosis. Gall bladder: gallstones, cholecystitis

Kidneys, bladder: pyelonephritis, kidney stones, cystitis

Bones, joints: backache / back pain, scoliosis, osteoporosis, arthritis.

Muscles: muscle spasm, muscle cramp, muscular dystrophy, hernia

Injuries: injury, wound, trauma, hand injury, knee injury, foot injury, head injury, concussion, contusion, fracture, fractured bone, slipped disc / prolapsed disc, dislocation, sprain, sprained ankle, pulled muscle, bruise, to break one's arm, to have a broken arm

General infections / systemic infections: the flu / influenza, tuberculosis, tetanus, rabies, yellow fever, typhoid, smallpox, anthrax, leprosy

Infectious diseases(especially in childhood): measles, rubella / German measles, mumps, whooping cough / pertussis, diphtheria, polio, chicken pox, scarlet fever

Infestations, parasytes: helminthic invasion, tapeworm, pinworm, hookworm, roundworm, scabies, malaria, lice, fleas, ticks

Hormonal disorders: diabetes, disorders of the pituitary gland, disorders of the thyroid gland.

Oncology: benign tumor, malignant tumor, cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, stomach cancer, skin cancer

Mental disorders:depression, phobia, schizophrenia

Addictions: alcohol abuse, drug abuse

Doctors, medical specialists

physician, general practitioner, family doctor

surgeon, neurosurgeon, plastic surgeon, orthopedic surgeon, orthopedist

neurologist, dermatologist, gastroenterologist, urologist, pediatrician, psychiatrist, oncologist, dentist, dietician

cardiologist / heart specialist, ophthalmologist / eye specialist, otolaryngologist (ear, nose and throat specialist)

women's doctor, gynecologist, obstetrician

anesthesiologist, radiologist, pharmacist, veterinarian

nurse, paramedic

Medical examinations, tests, operations

physical examination, to have a checkup, to have a medical;

blood test, urine test, X-ray, electrocardiogram

to measure weight and height,

to check the pulse, check your pulse rate, to take the patient's pulse, to count the pulse, to count the heartbeats

immunization, medical history

to dress the wound, to put a broken arm in a cast

to check into a hospital, to have an operation, to undergo an operation

to give a blood transfusion, to donate blood, blood donor

tonsils removal, appendix removal, heart surgery, organ transplantation, kidney transplant

plastic surgery, cosmetic surgery, skin graft

Medicines

drug, medication, preparation, medicament, remedy

a cold medicine, a medicine for a cold, cold remedies

to prescribe medication, to give a prescription (for allergy, rash, cough, etc.)

to take a pill, to take aspirin

capsule, powder, drops, syrup, tincture, lotion, spray, ointment, cream

analgesic / analgetic, antacid, antibiotic, tranquillizer, contraceptive, laxative, decongestant

antiseptic, anti-bacterial spray, rubbing alcohol, iodine, to paint with iodine

medicine chest, medicine cabinet, first-aid kit

Vocabulary Exercises

Exercise 1

Fill in the gaps with suitable prepositions:

to suffer … asthma

to be allergic … pollen

to give birth … a male child

a medicine … a cold

to be … poor health

to recover … an illness

to check … a hospital

to give a prescription … cough

Exercise 2

Find in the topical vocabulary the words and word combinations with the same meaning:

Cardiologist; eye specialist; ear, nose and throat specialist; the flu; back pain; infection of the middle ear.; dizziness; analgesic; high blood pressure.

Exercise 3

What does the doctor do if:

- you have a flu;

- you have some problems with your heart;

- your arm is broken.

At the doctor's

If we caught cold, have a splitting headache, have a clogged nose, cough, are running high temperature, we must go to the policlinic. First we come to the registry. The registry clerk on a duty asks our name, address, age and occupation. He writes out some slips because several specialists will examine us. Some of them will listen to out heart and lungs, some will check up our kidneys, liver, stomach, eyesight, and hearing. The others will make our blood analysis, take our blood pressure and x-ray us.

Our district doctor sees his patients in consulting room 4. A nurse gives us a thermometer to take our temperature. We must keep it under an armpit. Last time my temperature was 37,9. The doctor asked what my trouble was. He offered to sit down in a chair and to strip to the waist. He felt my pulse. It was faint and accelerated. Then I lay on the examination couch and the doctor palpated my abdomen. He asked me from what disease I suffered in my childhood. I suffered from scarlet fever. Now I felt dizzy and was damp with sweat. The doctor filled in my card and diagnosed the case as the flu.

Then he wrote out a prescription for some medicines: pills, powder, drops, and mixture. He also advised me to take a scalding footbath, to put a hot water bottle to my feet, to have hot tea with raspberry jam. That would keep my fever down. The result of my x-ray examination and blood analysis was normal. I had the prescription made at the chemist's. I followed the prescribed treatment to avoid complications. Every day I took a tablespoonful of mixture 3 times a day and some pills. In two days I was better and in a week I recovered from my illness. I began to take care of myself. Now I go in for sports because sports make me strong, healthy and cheerful. Every day I do my morning exercises and have a cold rubdown to prevent myself from catching cold. There is a good proverb: An apple a day keeps the doctor away. That's why I eat a lot of fruits and vegetables.

In case of sudden and severe illness or an accident calls are made to the first aid station. There the doctors are on duty all day long. There are many ambulances there. The ambulances are equipped with everything necessary to give the first aid. The patient is transported to hospital. There he is taken to the reception ward first. After questioning and examination the doctor fills in the patient's case history. Then a patient is given special clothes and is put to some ward for treatment. The doctors make their daily round there. They examine patients and prescribe different medicines and treatments.

When a patient is completely cured, he is discharged from the hospital. There are different departments in the hospital. They are: a surgical department, therapy, and the department of infectious diseases.

Exercise 1

Find in the text English equivalents of the following words and word combinations:

Простудиться; слушать сердце и легкие; делать анализ крови; измерять кровяное давление; измерять температуру; поставить диагноз; выписать рецепт; избежать осложнений; выздороветь; станция скорой помощи; история болезни; хирургическое отделение.

Exercise 2

Complete the sentences:

1. If we … , … , … , … , we must go to the policlinic.

2. The registry clerk on a duty asks our …

3. Several specialists will examine us: …

4. The doctor wrote out a prescription for some medicines: …

5. I followed the prescribed treatment to …

6. In case of sudden and severe illness or an accident ...

7. The ambulances are equipped with …

Exercise 3

Answer the questions:

1. What do you usually do if you caught cold?