He admitted having made the mistake. €

Но: предшествующее действие выражается неперфектным герундием после глаголов remember, excuse, forgive, thank и предлогов on (upon), after, without.

I don’t remember hearing the legend before. – Я не помню, чтобы я слышал об этой легенде раньше.

He entered without knocking. – Он вошёл, не постучав.

УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ ГЕРУНДИЯ И СПОСОБЫ ПЕРЕВОДА ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЙ С НИМ НА РУССКИЙ ЯЗЫК.

Герундий употребляется как:

v Прямое дополнение после следующих глаголов и выражений:

to admit to avoid to be busy to be worth to burst out to deny to enjoy to excuse to give up to go on to imagine to like to mention to mind to miss to need to remember can’t stand can’t help

принимать избегать быть занятым стоить (чего-то; что-то сделать) разразиться отрицать получать удовольствие извинять отказываться, бросить делать что-то продолжать представлять нравиться, любить упоминать возражать пропускать нуждаться помнить не выносить не могу не (сделать)

I burst out laughing/crying.- Я рассмеялась/расплакалась.

You must give up smoking. – Ты должен бросить курить.

They denied having taken the money. – Они отрицали, что взяли деньги.

v Предложное дополнение после глаголов со следующими предлогами:

to approve of to think of to be fond of to hear of to learn of to boast of to be sure of to be afraid of to be aware of to be capable of to complain of to suspect of to be surprised at to be pleased at to prevent from to keep from to agree to to object to to devote to to look forward to to get used to to succeed in to be interested in to persist in to rely on to insist on to count on to depend on to care for to thank for to blame for to punish for to be responsible for

одобрять что-либо думать о любить слышать о узнать о хвастаться чем-либо быть уверенным в чём-либо бояться чего-либо знать быть способным (сделать что-то) жаловаться на подозревать в удивляться чему-либо получить удовольствие от препятствовать, мешать держаться в стороне от согласиться на возражать против посвящать ждать с нетерпением привыкнуть к удаваться интересоваться чем-либо настаивать на положиться на настаивать рассчитывать на зависеть от заботиться о благодарить за винить в наказать за быть ответственным за

He suspected him of being unfair. – Она подозревала, что он несправедлив.

I’m looking forward to hearing from you. – С нетерпением жду вестей от вас.

V Именная часть составного именного сказуемого

(употребляются только формы Simple Active/Passive Gerund):

What tired him greatly was being questioned by reporters. – Его очень утомили расспросы репортёров.

Fred’s hobby is collecting all sorts of coins. – Хобби Фреда – коллекционирование всевозможных монет.

v Часть составного глагольного сказуемого после глаголов:

to begin/start to keep on/continue to stop to finish

начинать продолжать прекратить закончить

Stop talking! – Перестаньте болтать!

He kept on looking at his watch. – Он всё время смотрел на часы.

v Обстоятельство (перед ним всегда стоит предлог):

- обстоятельство времени вводится предлогами:

On/upon, at – короткий период действия

After, since, before – длительный период действия

In – одновременные действия

In trying to avoid another car, he ran into a tree. – Пытаясь увернуться от другой машины, он врезался в дерево.

On hearing the bell he ran to the door. – Услышав звонок, он бросился к двери.

After thinking everything over he, made up his mind to go there.- Всё обдумав, он решил туда пойти.

-обстоятельство образа действия, предлоги by, in:

She spent the evening in packing. – Она провела вечер, собирая чемоданы.

He answered by nodding. – Он ответил, кивнув головой.

-обстоятельство цели, предлоги for:

The story was changed for staging at the theatre. – Сюжет изменили для постановки в театре.

-обстоятельство условия, предлоги without, in case of:

I can’t go there without being invited. – Я не могу туда пойти без приглашения.

-обстоятельство причины, предлоги for, owing to, because of:

She was in hospital for having been hit by a car. – Она лежала в больнице, так как её сбила машина.

-обстоятельство уступки, предлоги in spite of, despite:

In spite of being invited he didn’t turn up at the party. - Хотя его и пригласили, он не появился на вечеринке.

Сравнение герундия с отглагольным существительным.

Герундий 1. Имеет видо-временные формы (painting, having painted, being painted, having been painted) 2. Может употребляться с прямым дополнением (reading a letter). 3. Может быть частью составного глагольного сказуемого (после глаголов begin, stop, keep и т.д.)

Отглагольное существительное 1. Имеет множественное число (Memorize the proverbs and sayings). 2. Имеет артикль (the banging of the door). 3. Может определяться прилагательным, указательным/неопределённым местоимением (an insistent knocking ). 4. Может употребляться в словосочетаниях с предлогом of (the clicking of the clock).

Task 1. Translate the sentences with the Gerund:

A. 1. Have you finished writing? 2. Taking a cold shower in the morning is very useful. 3. I like skiing, but my sister prefers skating. 4. It looks like raining. 5. My watch wants/needs repairing. 6. Thank you for coming. 7. I had no hope of getting an answer before the end of the month. 8. He talked without stopping. 9. Some people can walk all day without feeling tired. 10. Living in little stuffy rooms means breathing poisonous air. 11. Iron is found by digging in the earth. 12. There are two ways of getting sugar: one from beet and the other from sugar-cane. 13. Miss Trotwood was in the habit of asking Mr Ray his opinion. 14. Can you remember having seen the man before? 15. She was terrified of having to speak to anybody, and even more, of being spoken to. 16. He was on the point of leaving the club, as the porter stopped him. 17. After being corrected by the teacher, the students’ papers were returned to them. 18. I understand perfectly your wishing to start the work at once. 19. At last he broke the silence by inviting everybody to talk into the dining-room. 20. On being told the news she turned pale.

Task 2. Fill in the blanks with prepositions where necessary:

She only succeeded --- blocking the way. 2. He did not object --- being examined. 3. There is no point ---staying. 4. I didn’t get used --- driving a big car through crowded streets. 5. How can I prevent her --- going there? 6. I was thinking at the time --- selling the place. 7. After all I’m personally responsible --- bringing you back safe and sound. 8. They insisted --- persist --- visiting all the rooms. 9. What are your reasons to blame her --- taking the papers? 10. Everything depends --- being on the spot. 11. I thanked him again --- lending me the car. 12. Jones insisted --- shaking hands. 13. Do you mind --- opening the window? 14. I’ll look forward --- seeing your book. 15. He put the note under a saucer on the table to keep it --- blowing away. 16. Try to avoid --- meeting with them. 17. The child is afraid --- being left alone at home. 18. He was suspected --- committed the crime. 19. She can’t stand --- being contradicted. 20. He is always pleased --- stretching his legs in the comfortable arm-chair after difficult working day. 21. The children denied --- having eaten the ice-cream.

Task 3. Open the brackets using the correct form of the Gerund:

A. 1. Excuse me for (break) your beautiful vase. 2. You never mentioned (be) to Greece. 3. She was proud of (award) the cup of a champion. 4. I don’t remember (meet) this customer. 5. I don’t remember (ask) this question by anybody. 6. The cat was punished for (break) the cup. 7. The cat was afraid of (punish) and hid itself under the sofa. 8. The car needs (clean). 9. I am quite serious in (say) that I am going to buy their products in large quantities. 10. He seemed sorry for (forget) to send the letter. 11. Taking part in the dance competitions was no use: he had no talent for (dance). 12. She accused him of (steal) her purse. 13. This job is not worth (take). 14. Those clothes want (wash). 15. This market is worth (analyze). 16. David was very glad of (find) his aunt. 17. Why do you avoid (speak) to me? 18. She tried to avoid of (speak) to. 19. The doctor insisted on (send) the sick man to hospital. 20. The child insisted on (send) home at once.

B. 1. Little David couldn’t bear (to recite) his lessons in the presence of his stepfather and Miss Murdstone. They frightened him so that he couldn’t help (to make) mistakes though he tried hard to avoid (to displease) them and (to scold).