To write — to be written
I am glad to helpyou. — Рад помочь. (Рад, что я помогаю).
Iam glad to be helped.— Рад, что мне помогают.
Упражнение 368
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Active Infinitive и Passive Infinitive.
1. То play chess was his greatest pleasure. 2. The child did not like to be washed. 3. Isn't it natural that we like to be praised and don't like to be scolded? 4. Which is more pleasant: to give or to be given presents? 5. Nature has many secrets to be discovered yet. 6. To improve your pronunciation you should record yourself and analyse your speech. 7. This is the book to be read during the summer
300 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Инфинитив
holidays. 8. То be instructed by such a good specialist was a great advantage. 9. He is very forgetful, but he doesn't like to be reminded of his duties.
Сравните употребление
Indefinite Infinitive и Perfect Infinitive
To write — to have written
Iam glad to seeyou. — Рад видеть вас. (Рад, что вижу вас.)
I am glad to have seenyou. — Рад, что повидал вас.
| Формы инфинитива | ||
| Active | Passive | |
| Indefinite (Simple) | to write | to be written |
| Continuous | to be writing | |
| Perfect | to have written | to have been written |
| Perfect Continuous | to have been writing |
Упражнение 369
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Perfect Infinitive.
1. The child was happy to have been brought home. 2. Jane remembered to have been told a lot about Mr. Rochester. 3. The children were delighted to have been brought to the circus. 4. I am sorry to have spoilt your mood. 5. Maggie was very sorry to have forgotten to feed the rabbits. 6. I am awfully glad to have met you. 7. Sorry to have placed you in this disagreeable situation. 8. I am very happy to have had the pleasure of making your acquaintance. 9. I am sorry to have kept you waiting. 10. Clyde was awfully glad to have renewed his acquaintance with Sondra. 11. Sorry not to have noticed you. 12. I am sorry to have added some more trouble by what I have told you. 13. When Clyde looked at the girl closely, he remembered to have seen her in Sondra's company. 14. I remembered to have been moved1 by the scene I witnessed.
1 moved — зд. растроган
| Что значат эти формы? Рассмотрите предложения, иллюстрирующие значение разных форм инфинитива | |||
| Чему я рад? | |||
| .2 О | Indefinite (Simple) | 1 am glad to speak to you. | Рад поговорить с вами. (Всегда радуюсь, когда говорю с вами.) |
| Continuous | 1 am glad to be speaking to you. | Рад, что сейчас разговариваю с вами. | |
| Perfect | 1 am glad to have spoken to you. | Рад, что поговорил с вами. | |
| Perfect Continuous | 1 am glad to have been speaking to you. | Рад, что уже давно (все это время) разговариваю с вами. | |
| со со | Indefinite (Simple) | 1 am (always) glad to be told the news. | Всегда рад, когда мне рассказывают новости. |
| Perfect | 1 am glad to have been told the news. | Рад, что мне рассказали новости. |
302 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Инфинитив
Упражнение 370
Замените выделенные части предложений инфинитивными оборотами.
• E.g. He is sorry that he has said it. He is sorry to have said it.
1. It is certain that it will rain if you don't take your umbrella. 2. Don't promise that you will do it, if you are not sure that you can. 3. He was happy that he was praised by everybody. 4. He was very proud that he had helped his elder brother. 5. She was sorry that she had missed the beginning of the concert. 6. I am glad that I see all my friends here.
7. I was afraid of going past that place alone.
8. My sister will be thrilled when she is wearing a dress as lovely as that. 9. We must wait till we hear the exam results. 10. She is happy that she has found such a nice place to live in. 11. I should be delighted if I could join you. 12. He hopes that he will know everything by tomorrow.
Упражнение 371
Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива.
1. Не seems (to read) a lot. 2. Не seems (to read) now. 3. He seems (to read) since morning. 4. He seems (to read) all the books in the library. 5. I want (to take) you to the concert. 6. I want (to take) to the concert by my father. 7. She hoped (to help) her friends. 8. She hoped (to help) by her friends. 9. I hope (to see) you soon. 10. We expect (to be) back in two days. 11. He expected (to help) by the teacher. 12. The children seem (to play) since morn-
ing. 13. I am glad (to do) all the homework yesterday. 14. She seems (to work) at this problem ever since she came here. 15. I am sorry (to break) your pen.
Упражнение 372
Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива.
1. I hate (to bother) you, but the students are still waiting (to give) books for their work. 2. He seized every opportunity (to appear) in public: he was so anxious (to talk) about. 3. Is there anything else (to tell) her? I believe she deserves (to know) the state of her sick brother. 4. He began writing books not because he wanted (to earn) a living. He wanted (to read) and not (to forget). 5. I consider myself lucky (to be) to that famous exhibition and (to see) so many wonderful paintings. 6. He seems (to know) French very well: he is said (to spend) his youth in Paris. 7. The enemy army was reported (to overthrow) the defence lines and (to advance) towards the suburbs of the city. 8. The woman pretended (to read) and (not to hear) the bell. 9. You seem (to look) for trouble. 10. It seemed (to snow) heavily since early morning: the ground was covered with a deep layer of snow. 11. They seemed (to quarrel): I could hear angry voices from behind the door. 12. They are supposed (to work) at the problem for the last two months. 13. The only sound (to hear) was the snoring of grandfather in the bedroom. 14. Her ring was believed (to lose) until she happened (to find) it during the general cleaning. It turned out (to drop) between the sofa and the wall. 15. They seemed (to wait) for ages.
304 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Упражнение 373
Переведите на английский язык, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива.
1. Я рад, что рассказал вам эту историю. 2. Я рад, что мне рассказали эту историю. 3. Я хочу познакомить вас с этой артисткой. 4. Я хочу, чтобы меня познакомили с этой артисткой. 5. Я рад, что встретил ее на станции. 6. Я рад, что меня встретили на станции. 7. Мы очень счастливы, что пригласили его на вечер. 8. Мы очень счастливы, что нас пригласили на вечер. 9. Он будет счастлив посетить эту знаменитую картинную галерею. 10. Он был счастлив, что посетил эту знаменитую картинную галерею. 11. Дети любят, когда им рассказывают сказки. 12. Я не предполагал останавливаться на этой станции. 13. Я не ожидал, что меня остановят. 14. Я сожалею, что причинил вам столько беспокойства. 15. Он не выносит1, когда ему лгут. 16. Я вспомнил, что уже встречал это слово в какой-то книге. 17. Мне очень жаль, что я пропустил эту интересную лекцию. 18. Она счастлива, что слышала концерт известного итальян-ского дирижера. 19. Она рада, что присутствовала на лекции. 20. Он очень доволен, что закончил свою книгу. 21. Наши спортсмены гордятся тем, что выиграли кубок. 22. Я только хочу, чтобы мне позволили помочь вам. 23. Я был благодарен, что мне дали комнату с большим окном. 24. Он был счастлив, что вернулся домой. 25. Он был счастлив, что снова дома. 26. Я сожалею, что прервал вас. 27. Я сожалею, что не застала вас дома. 28. Джейн была счастлива, что уезжает от миссис Рид. 29. Рочес-тер был рад познакомиться с Джейн. 30. Рочес-тер был рад, что познакомился с Джейн.
1 не выносит — hates
ПРИЧАСТИЕ
She watched the children writing the dictation. Writing the dictation, he made only one mistake. The dictation written the day before was corrected.
Упражнение 374
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на причастия.
1.Everybody looked at the dancing girl. 2. The little plump woman standing at the window is my grandmother. 3. The man playing the piano is Kate's uncle. 4. Entering the room, she turned on the light. 5. Coming to the theatre, she saw that the performance had already begun. 6. Looking out of the window, he saw his mother watering the flowers.
7. Hearing the sounds of music, we stopped talking.
8. She went into the room, leaving the door open.
9. Working at his desk, he listened to a new CD.
10. Running into the road, the young man stopped
a taxi. 11. Looking through the newspaper, she no
ticed a photograph of her boss. 12. Using chemi
cals, the firemen soon put out the fire in the forest.
306 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Причастие
Упражнение 375
Замените придаточные определительные предложения причастными оборотами.
1. All the people who live in this houseare students. 2. The woman who is speaking nowis our secretary. 3. The apparatus that stands on the table in the corner of the laboratoryis quite new. 4.The young man who helps the professor in his experimentsstudies at our university. 5.People who borrow books from the librarymust return them in time. 6. There are many pupils in our class who take part in all kinds of extracurricular activities.
Упражнение 376
Замените придаточные предложения причины причастными оборотами.
1.As he now felt more atease, the man spoke in a louder voice. 2. Since he knew who the man was,Robert was very pleased to have the chance of talking to him. 3.As he thought that it was his brother at the window,Steve decided to open it. 4.As the people were afraid of falling into a ditch in the darkness at any moment,they felt their way about very carefully. 5. Since he needed a shelter for the night,Peter decided to go to the neighbours' house.
Упражнение 377
Замените придаточные предложения времени причастными оборотами (не опускайте союз when).
1.You must have much practice when you are learning to speak a foreign language. 2. When you
speak English,pay attention to the order of words. 3. When you are copying English texts,pay attention to the articles. 4. When you begin to work with the dictionary,don't forget my instructions. 5. Be careful when you are crossing a street. 6. When you are leaving the room,don't forget to switch off the light. 7. When they were travelling in Central Africa,the explorers met many wild animals.
Past Participle = Participle II
III форма глагола
broken — сломанный, разбитый written — написанный eaten — съеденный
Упражнение 378
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Past Participle.
1. She put a plate of fried fish in front of me.
2. The coat bought last year is too small for me now.
3. Nobody saw the things kept in that box. 4. My sister likes boiled eggs. 5. We stopped before a shut door. 6. Tied to the tree, the goat could not run away. 7. They saw overturned tables and chairs and pieces of broken glass all over the room. 8. This is a church built many years ago. 9. The books written by Dickens give us a realistic picture of the 19thcentury England.
308 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Сравните употребление Participle I (ing-форма) и Participle II (III форма глагола)
taking — берущий, беря taken — взятый
doing — делающий, делая done — сделанный
Упражнение 379
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на Participle I и Participle II.
1.a) A letter sent from St. Petersburg today will
be in Moscow tomorrow.
b) He saw some people in the post office sending telegrams.
c) When sending the telegram, she forgot to write her name.
2. a) Some of the questions put to the lecturer
yesterday were very important.
b) The girl putting the book on the shelf is the new librarian.
c) While putting the eggs into the basket, she broke one of them.
3. a) A fish taken out of the water cannot live.
b) A person taking a sunbath must be very careful.
c) Taking a dictionary, he began to translate the text.
4. a) A line seen through this crystal looks double.
b) A teacher seeing a mistake in a student's dictation always corrects it.
c) Seeing clouds of smoke over the house, the girl cried, "Fire! Fire!"
5. a) The word said by the student was not correct,
b) The man standing at the door of the train
carriage and saying goodbye to his friends is a well-known musician.
Причастие 309
с) Standing at the window, she was waving her hand. 6. a) A word spoken in time may have very important results.
b) The students speaking good English must help their classmates.
c) The speaking doll interested the child very much.
d) While speaking to Nick some days ago, I forgot to ask him about his sister.
Упражнение 380
Выберите из скобок требующуюся форму причастия.
1. a) The girl (writing, written) on the blackboard
is our best pupil, b) Everything (writing, written) here is quite right.
2. a) We listened to the girls (singing, sung) Rus-
sian folk songs, b) We listened to the Russian folk songs (singing, sung) by the girls.
3. a) The girl (washing, washed) the floor is my
sister, b) The floor (washing, washed) by Helen looked very clean.
4. a) Who is that boy (doing, done) his homework
at that table? b) The exercises (doing, done) by the pupils were easy.
5. a) The house (surrounding, surrounded) by tall
trees is very beautiful, b) The wall (surrounding, surrounded) the house was very high.
310 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ
Причастие
6. Read the (translating, translated) sentences once more.
7. Name some places (visiting, visited) by you last year.
8. I picked up the pencil (lying, lain) on the floor.
9. She was reading the book (buying, bought) the day before.
10. Yesterday we were at a conference (organizing, organized) by the pupils of the 10th form.
11. (Taking, taken) the girl by the hand, she led her across the street.
12. It was not easy to find the (losing, lost) stamp.
13. I shall show you a picture (painting, painted) by Hogarth.
14. Here is the letter (receiving, received) by me yesterday.
15. Do you know the girl (playing, played) in the garden?
16. The book (writing, written) by this scientist is very interesting.
17. Translate the words (writing, written) on the blackboard.
18. We could not see the sun (covering, covered) by dark clouds.
19. The (losing, lost) book was found at last.
20. (Going, gone) along the street, I met Mary and Ann.
21. Look at the beautiful flowers (gathering, gathered) by the children.
22. His hat (blowing, blown) off by the wind was lying in the middle of the street.
23. "How do you like the film?" he asked, (turning, turned) towards me.
24. When we came nearer, we saw two boys (coming, come) towards us.
25. I think that the boy (standing, stood) there is his brother.
Сравните употребление Present Participle и Perfect Participle