The System of Tenses. Active Voice

Ex.1Find examples of the tense forms in the text.

Ex. 2Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets in the correct tense form.

1. Most officers (to wear) uniform and (to work) closely with the public.

2. Last year he (to work) in shifts and often overtime.

3. As soon as the customs officer (to process) the documents he (to start) clearing the cargo. (present, past, future)

4. Customs officers always (to use) a wide range of tools and technology.

5. We (to have) canine team inspection if we (to suspect) contraband in the container. (present, future)

6. This work (to require) attention and concentration. (present, past, future)

7. He (to work) as a customs inspector for five years and he just (to move) to another level.

8. He (to clear) her luggage before you (to come). (past, future)

9. By the time the cargo (to cross) the border the customs authorities (to prepare) already all the necessary documents. (past, future)

Ex. 3 Translate the sentences into English:

1. Сотрудники таможни только что досмотрели весь багаж пассажиров.

2. Он говорит, что они оформили все документы на груз к прошлому понедельнику.

3. Если документы для оформления груза в порядке, сотрудник таможни подпишет их и поставит дату.

4. Обычно сотрудники этого таможенного поста работают посменно.

5. Пока досмотровая кинологическая группа проверяла контейнер, начальник группы изучал документы.

6. Таможенник спросил пассажира о цели его визита.

7. Как долго вы работаете в таможенной службе?

8. Завтра в 10 часов утра мы будем оформлять этот груз.

9. К отправке судна таможенники закончат досмотр пассажиров и грузов.

VOCABULARY

the customs customs warehouse customs check-point to work in shifts / overtime indoors /outdoors to wear uniform competent law to apply regulations to clear to deal transport means equipment tools technology X-ray machine canine enforcement team drug-detector dog   explosives currency to process documents to inspect syn. to examine, to search to charge   to punish penalty to require to break laws to detect to collect duty   to interdict traffic of smuggling law enforcement law enforcement agencies career prospects staff essential

таможня таможенный склад таможенный пост посменно / сверхурочно в помещении / на открытом воздухе носить форму компетентный закон зд. применять правила зд. оформлять иметь дело с чем-либо транспортное средство оборудование инструменты, приспособления высокотехнологичное оборудование рентген-аппарат бригада кинологов собака, обученная находить наркотики взрывчатые вещества валюта оформлять документы досматривать начислять пошлину; предъявлять обвинение наказывать штраф требовать нарушать закон обнаруживать взимать 1) пошлина; 2) обязанность, служебный долг предотвращать, задерживать провоз контрабанды правоохранительная деятельность правоохранительные органы перспектива карьерного роста штат; сотрудники существенный, неотъемлемый

UNIT 2

CUSTOMS AREAS

Text

The customs areas include the following:

Duty collection

The assessment and collection of duties and taxes have always been one of the main functions of the customs service. In fact, collection of the revenue is the responsibility with which the customs usually started. Throughout its history the customs has supplied the federal budget with the revenue necessary for investment in the economy and in the country’s basic infrastructure, i.e. new schools, roads, hospitals.

Classification

Merchandise classification is the foundation on which duty collection occurs. All goods entering the country should be classified by use of the established numerical coding system. Most countries are now adopting the Harmonized System of Classification which, in case of uniform application, can help improve the classification of goods and prevent losses of duty collection.

Appraisement

Cargo shipments entering the country are to be supplied with the necessary documents, for example, commercial invoices. This cargo declaration is a basis for goods valuation. Undervaluation can result in underpayment of duties.

Passenger inspection

Effective passenger and baggage control is necessary to collect proper duty and to prevent smuggling. Baggage is checked for concealment by X-ray or opening it.

Cargo inspection

Cargo shipments are to be inspected for duty collection and anti-smuggling purposes. Various inspectional techniques and devices can help release merchandise quicker, with less damage and also result in increased seizures of prohibited items.

Free trade zones

In order to encourage the development of the country and to promote its foreign trade free trade zones are usually set up. “A free zone” is a part of the territory which is regarded as being outside the Customs territory, and goods introduced into this part of the territory are not subject to the usual Customs control. Relief from import duties and taxes in respect of these goods is granted. The Customs carries out certain control within the free zone to ensure that the operations are in accordance with the Customs regulations.

Bonded warehouses

Importers usually have to pay duties to the government when they import goods. They declare goods and customs officials collect duties. When the importer doesn’t pay the duty immediately, the goods are stored in a bonded warehouse. The importer has to pay storage charges (cost of keeping the goods in the warehouse). The goods cannot be taken out of the warehouse until the importer pays the duties.

Canine enforcement

Use of dogs specially trained to smell drugs helps expedite customs examination process with less damage than some more traditional methods of inspection may cause.