Past simple (regular/irregular verbs)

Affirmative	Negative
	Long form	Short form
I/you He/she/it stayed/ went We/you/they	I/you He/she/it did notstay/go We/you/they	I/you He/she/it didn’t stay/go We/you/they

Interrogative	Short answers
DidI/you/he/she/it/we/they stay/go?	Yes, I/you/he/she/it/we/they did. No, I/you/he/she/it/we/they didn’t.

Time expressions used with the past simple: yesterday, last week, last month last year, two days/weeks/months/years ago, in 1945 etc.

Exercise I. Write the past simple form of the verbs.

1.get up –got up	5. have breakfast …	9. cook ….
2 shave …	6. walk to work …	10. go to bed ….
3. wash …	7. read a newspaper…	11. have a bath ….
4. have a shower …	8. open ….	12. sleep …

Exercise II. Write what you did yesterday

1. I usually get up early. Yesterday I got up at 6.30.
2. I usually have a shower. Yesterday…………………..(have a bath).
3. I usually have a sandwich and a cup of coffee for breakfast. Yesterday ………… (bacon and eggs and a cup of tea).
4. I usually walk to work. But yesterday the weather was bad and I …………(take a car).
5. I usually have lunch in a café. Yesterday……………. (at a restaurant).
6. I usually buy a newspaper. Yesterday ………… (a magazine).
7. I usually watch TV and play chess in the evening. Yesterday….. (read newspapers and listen to the latest news).
8. I usually have dinner at 7 o’clock. Yesterday ………(at 8 o’clock).
9. I usually visit my parents. Yesterday ……….. (ring them up).
10. I usually take my dog for a walk. Yesterday ………..(my son).

Exercise III. Write negative sentences.

1. We stayed at this hotel last summer. – We didn’t stay at this hotel last summer.
2. Mary and Tom bought a nice house in the country last year.
3. Our friends traveled round Europe last month.
4. Bob liked skiing when he was a child.
5. Father taught his son drive a car.
6. The manager left for London four days ago.
7. She slept very well last night.
8. They invited Lucy to the wedding party.
9. Bob worked in a bank two years ago.
10. They needed some money to take a taxi and get home.

Exercise IY. Write questions, as in the example

1. Where/ you / stay? – Where did you stay?
2. When / he/ leave /school?
3. What /Mary / buy?
4. Who/ teach/you/ English?
5. Why/ John/ go /to London?
6. How much / his car / cost?
7. Where / they / spend / their holiday / last year?
8. Why / Peter and his wife / move to a new house?
9. Their children / study / at college?
10. When / you / get /this letter?

Exercise V. Read the texts. What is the weather like in every text? In which extracts is the weather a) hot and sunny?b) Cold, rainy and cloudy? How did the people feel in every situation?

1. It was cold and rainy. The sky was covered with dark grey clouds. I didn’t go anywhere and spent most of the time in my hotel room watching TV. I felt unhappy, miserable and depressed that I took the first train back home.
2. It was hot and sunny. Every day we sat in the guest-house garden enjoying the sunshine. In the afternoons a light breeze blew in from the sea and cooled us. We felt so happy, refreshed and cheerful that we stayed there a whole month.

HOME EXERCISES.

Exercise I. Read and translate the text, answer the questions.

The Great Fire of London

Sunday, 2^nd September, 1666.

The fire started early in the morning in Pudding Lane, in the house of baker Thomas Farynor. The family escaped through an upstairs window.

The fire continued to spread. People were in a panic.

King Charles II ordered the Mayor, Sir William Bolton, to pull down any houses necessary to stop the fire spreading.

Monday, 3^rd September, 1666

The fire continued to spread. The river Thames was full of boats packed with people and their belongings.

Boat owners charged a lot, so most people carried whatever they could.

Tuesday, 4th September, 1666

The fire didn’t stop. It destroyed St. Paul’s Cathedral.

Wednesday, 5^th September, 1666

The fire continued to burn but there was no wind.

Late in the evening, firefighters managed to put all the fires out.

Thursday, 6^th September, 1666

There was no more fire. The fire damaged 87 churches, including St Paul’s Cathedral, and 13 200 houses.

Amazingly, only 6 people died.

1. When did the fire start?
2. Where did the fire start?
3. Who ordered to pull down any houses?
4. Why did King Charles II order to pull down any houses?
5. What did the fire destroy?
6. When did firefights manage to put all the fires out?
7. How many people died?

LESSON III

Exercise I. Look at Tom’s agenda for yesterday and make sentences.

15^th Tuesday

6: 00 get up

6: 30 have a shower

7: 00 have breakfast

7: 30 leave for the office

8: 00 read the newspapers

9:00 meetings with directors

10: 30 visit the plant

12: 00 have lunch in a café

13: 00 Management meetings

15:00 meetings with journalists

17: 00 finish work

18: 00 go for a jog (run)

19: 00 have dinner

20: 00 watch TV

22: 00 go to bed (sleep)

Exercise II. Read the dialogue and put the verbs in the past simple

Bob: Hi, Tom. I haven’t seen you for ages.

Tom: Hi, Bob, glad to see you too.

Bob: You … on holiday, weren’t you?

Tom: Yes, I …on my holiday in Egypt.

Bob: Oh, it’s lovely. …you do much sightseeing?

Tom: Sure, I ….. I ….Lucsor and famous pyramids.

Bob: And what about the weather?

Tom : Oh,my God. It …boiling hot. But we ….a lot in the Red Sea.

Bob : Sorry, Tom, but I am in a hurry. Phone me, please. See you later.

Tom : Bye

Exercise III. Read the text.

The History of the Alphabet

Long before anyone invented letters, the ancient Egyptians used little pictures and symbols to write.

About 3, 500 years ago, the Semites invented the alphabet. At first they used the Egyptians way of writing, but soon they started to use 22 symbols. This was the beginning of the alphabet.

The Phoenicians began to use the same alphabet but they changed the shapes of most of the symbols to make them easier to write.

The Phoenicians were traders. They often traveled to Greece. The Greeks learned to use the Phoenician alphabet but they changed it too. They invented new letters because the Greek language had sounds that Phoenicians didn’t have.

Just like the Greeks, the Romans took the Greek alphabet and changed it again to suit their language. Their alphabet looked like the English alphabet but they didn’t have ant letters for j, u, and w.

Exercise IV. Mark the true sentences with the letter T and the false ones with the letter F.

1. The ancient Egyptians used letters to write. 2. About 2,500 years ago, the Egyptians invented the alphabet. 3. Soon the Semites started to use 22 symbols. 4. The Phoenicians began to use the same alphabet. 5. The Phoenicians were travelers. 6. The Greeks changed the Phoenician alphabet. 7. They didn’t invent new letters. 8. The Romans took the Greek alphabet. 9. Their alphabet looked like the English alphabet. 10. The Romans had letters for j, u, and w.

HOME EXERCISES.

Exercise I. Translate sentences from Russian into English.

1. Огонь продолжался 5 дней. 2. Он уничтожил 87 церквей и 13 200 домов. 3. А. Линкольн родился в Кентукки 12 февраля 1809 года. Линкольн не учился в школе. 4. Линкольн стал президентом США в 1862 году. 5.Семиты изобрели алфавит. 6. Римляне взяли греческий алфавит и изменили его. 7. Их алфавит был похож на английский алфавит.

Exercise II. Transform these sentences into tag questions. .

1. They didn’t have any money. 2. The river Thames was full of boats. 3. Only 6 people died. 4 People weren’t in a panic. 5. They couldn’t write. 6. The fire destroyed St Paul’s Cathedral. 7. The Incas lived in the mountains of Peru. 8. Their family wasn’t rich. 9. He married a woman called Mary Todd.

UNIT IV

LESSON I

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

(НАСТОЯЩЕЕ СОВЕРШЕННОЕ ВРЕМЯ)

Affirmative	Negative
I /you/we/they have opened/ seen /you/we/they havenot opened/seen	He/she/it has opened/seen He/she/it has not opened/seen
Interrogative	Short answers
Have I/you/we/they opened/seen? Hashe/she/it opened/seen?	Yes, I /you/we/they have Yes, he/she/it has No, I /you/we/they havenot No, he/she/it has not

Time expressions used with the present perfect Since, for, how long, ever, never, already, just, yet (-/?), so far, recently, lately, this morning/afternoon/week/month/year

Exercise I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the present perfect

1. I ……. (wash) my hair. 2. They…. (learn) the words. 3. Bill…(travel) round Europe. 4. Mary …(finish) painting the ceiling. 5. The boys …(break) the window. 6. A cat …(catch) a mouse. 7. they …(see) this film. 8. They …(not repair) their computer. 9. He …(have breakfast) yet ? 10. You …(do) your homework?

Exercise II You have been to London for three days. Here are the things you want to do while you are in London. Look at the list and say what you have and haven’t done yet.

Examples

I’ve visited the Tower of London.

I haven’t bought any presents for my friends yet.

visit the Chamber of Horrors +

send postcards to your friends -

go along Downing Street -

take a lot of photographs +

see Buckingham Palace +

travel on the London Underground -

spend a day at Covent Garden +

change some money -

have a rest in Hyde Park +

buy some new clothes -

Exercise III Fill in sinceor for

1. I haven’t seen you ….ages. 2. They have been here ….six o’ clock. 3. He has waited for a doctor …half an hour. 4. They have known each other … childhood. 5. You haven’t phoned me … Monday. 6. I haven’t seen Andrew … weeks. 7. We haven’t played tennis … your birthday. 8. She’s been an actress …ten years. 9. They’ve traveled round Europe … three weeks. 10. I haven’t tasted this fish … long time.

Exercise IV. Choose the correct answer.

1. He’s a doctor. He … in hospital.

Awork Bworks has worked

2. Everything is going fine. We … any problems so far.

Ahave Bhaven’t had Cdidn’t have

3. I … the ceiling. Can I leave now?

Ahave painted Bhas painted Cam painting

4. Look! He … to catch a bus

Atries Bis trying Chas tried

5.The castle …. in isolation

Astood Bstand Cis standing

6. Brown bread …. more fibre than white bread

Ais containing Bcontains Chas contained

7. They ….. the living room recently.

Aredecorate B has redecorated Chave redecorated

8. Susan ……. in London all her life

A lives Bis livingChas lived

9. This car … to my husband

Abelongs Bbelong Chave belonged

10. She …. a teacher for twenty years

Ahas been Bwas Cis

HOME EXERCISES

Exercise I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form of the present perfect

1. He (forget) his French since he (leave) Paris. 2. Years ago he (be) very poor and (not know) how to live. He (become) very rich now. 3. I can reach my work easily now, as I (buy) a new car. 4. The man you see there is the man to whom I (lend) the money. When you (lend) it to him? I (do) it yesterday. 5. I (lose) my keys and cannot remember where I (see) them last. 6. He cannot see well as he (become) short-sighted. 7. He is a man who (live) a remarkable life. 8. I (not play) much football since I (leave) school. 9. You (hear) from Jane lately? –Yes, (get) a message from him last night. 10. it’s the most delicious cake I ever (taste).

Exercise II. Read the texts and find the verbs in present perfect.

The Tower of London

London’s oldest building. Since it was built by William the Conqueror in the 11^th century, this castle has been a royal palace, a prison, a place of execution, a zoo, the Royal Mint and an observatory. Today it’s a museum and houses the Crown Jewels.

The Houses of Parliament

Its official name is the Palace of Westminster. Most of the building was built in 1840 after a fire in 1834 destroyed the old palace. At the north end of the building by Westminster Bridge is the famous clock tower, Big Ben. In fact Big Ben is really the name of the bell in the tower not the clock.

Exercise III. Ask questions

LESSON II.

Exercise I. Read and remember the words which help you understand the text.

building industry	-	строительная промышленность
industrial construction	-	промышленное строительство
housing	-	жилищное строительство
technological advance	-	технический прогресс
off-site prefabrication	-	фабричное изготовление
site planning	-	планирование работ на строительной площадке
prefabricated structures	-	сборные конструкции
present day design	-	современное проектирование
food-processing plant	-	пищекомбинат
office buildings	-	служебные здания
storage facilities	-	складские помещения