Finding a Fault in the Car

1. Read the text attentively and learn about the most common faults in the car and the ways to repair them:

Servicing your car regularly you prevent it from becoming unreliable. Of course, you can't foresee everything. Having failed to start the car in the morning you had better check three things first: the battery, the fuel level and the spark plugs. It is quite easy to repair these faults.

If the battery appears to be flat it is necessary to recharge it. If this doesn't work, you should replace it.

An empty tank is another common fault in the car. Having noticed a fuel warning light on the instrument panel of your car you should fill up the tank with more petrol.

Dirty spark plugs are also certain to cause a problem. To drive the car it is important to clean them regularly and adjust the gap in the spark plugs to the proper width. If the gap is not correct the engine will not run well.

If your car still does not start, the petrol pump may be broken, or the fuel pipe may be blocked. Having discovered a broken pump, it is a good idea to repair or replace it. If the fuel pipe is blocked, take it off and unblock it.

Having heard a loud CLICK! when you turn the key, you are sure to realize that the starter motor may be jammed. If it is, you can try to release it pushing the car forwards and backwards (in the 2nd gear). If the car still doesn't start, the starter motor should be repaired or even replaced.

And don't forget about the air filter. Its function is to remove particles of dirt, dust and other impurities from the air passing to the carburetor. A blocked filter decreases the airflow to the carburetor thus increasing the amount of fuel in the mixture. This causes the engine to operate inefficiently. Cleaning and changing filters regularly you prevent a considerable damage that is certain to be caused inside the cylinders. In this case the engine will need a thorough overhaul.

If you are a poor mechanic, stopping at service stations periodically you will save at least time and money. As they say, prevention is better than cure.

Do you recognize these parts of the car engine? Find their names in the text

a-_____________

b-_____________

c-_____________

d-_____________

e-_____________

f-_____________

Fill in the table with the data from the text.

A component of the car	The fault	What to do
the battery	flat	…..

Complete the instructions with the words given above: Cover, spark plug, socket, spanner, gap, gauge

How to Check a Spark Plug

First you should remove the cover. Having achieved this, place the ... over the spark plug. Then it is necessary to rotate the ... anti­clockwise until it seems to be loose. Having removed the plug from the ..., examine the gap and check it to be clean. After that, you must insert a ... in the gap. Check that the ... is between 0.65 and 1.00 mm wide. Having replaced the plug in the socket you should rotate it clockwise until it is hand-tight. Next, it is necessary to place the spanner over the plug and give ONLY a quarter turn clockwise. Caution should be taken not to over tighten the plug. Finally, replace the ....

Практическая работа № 31.

Mechanical Tools.

1. Read the text and translate the text:

Both in maintenance and in repair of machines all kinds of fitting operations are applied. An important role is played by disassembling and assembling operations. Special instruments are used for performing these operations.

Among the variety mechanical tools used for disassembling and assembling machine parts and in their repairing are wrenches. According to their construction and wrenches may be of different types: single-ended and double-ended nut wrenches, adjustable wrenches, socket wrenches and special.

A nut wrench is used for screwingand unscrewing nuts. It consists of a handle and a head with an opening known as the span.

Adjustable wrenches may be used for unscrewing nuts and bolts of different dimensions.

Socket wrenches are applied in cases when nuts or bolt heads located in recesses are hardly accessible for a nut wrench.

Special wrenches are used for unscrewing and screwing nuts of a definite type. Wrenches are used by drivers for repairing cars, in locksmith’s shops and fitter’s shops. Fitters use them to screw different types of machine parts as: washers, bolts, shafts, etc. plumbers use them to repair pipes, taps, etc. Besides different types of wrenches there are round pliers or needle nose pliers which are widely used by locksmiths, electricians and other specialists for gripping, screwing or cutting off thin metal and wires.

2. Translate into Russian:

Nut, to screw, to maintain, to unscrew, to assemble, to disassemble, nut wrench, adjustable wrench, socket wrench, to grip, plumber, electrician, fitter.

3. Answer the questions:

1. What operations are applied in maintenance and repair of machines?

2. What instruments are used for disassembling and assembling machine parts?

3. How are adjustable wrenches subdivided?

4. What is a nut wrench used for?

5. When are wrenches applied?

6. In what cases are socket wrenches used?

7. What wrenches are used for screwing and unscrewing nuts?

8. By whom are different wrenches used?

9. What other mechanical tools can be used in repairing?

4. Find synonyms to the words:

To maintain-_____________, to operate, -_____________ to construct-_____________, to fit-_____________, to assemble-_____________, to apply-_____________.