PAST PERFECT – PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE
| Formula | ☺+had+V3 | ☺+had+been+V1+ing |
| General Question | Had+☺+V3..? | Had+☺+been+V1+ing..? |
| Who question | Who+had+V3..? | Who+had+been+V1+ing..? |
| Special question | Wh..+had+☺+V3..? | Wh..+had+☺+been+V1+ing..? |
| Time expressions | By the time…, before…, just, yet, already, for, since, ever, never, after | Up to…, while…, till, until, when, for… |
| Usage | 1) we use it when we are already talking about the past, and we want to go back to an earlier past time “double past” (By the time I got to the station, the train had left.) 2) is used in reported speech (She said: “I lived in London last year.” → She said that she had lived in London the previous year. 3) for a complete action (She had cleaned the house by 6 o’clock.) | 1) for events further back in the past (I had been living in a bed-sitter up to then. While I had been talking on the phone, Jimmy had escaped. The whole place was deserted, but it was obvious that someone had been living there. They’d been cooking in the kitchen for a start, and they hadn’t bothered to clear up the mess.) 2) for a continuous, past action which had visible results or effect in the past (He was tired. He had been cleaning the house all morning.) |
№ 15. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в соответствующих временах.
1. Peter (to read) by the fireplace when the door (to open) and the maid (to enter). The cook (to follow) her. 2. When the mother (to satisfy herself that the children (to sleep) peacefully in their beds, she (to take) out the Christmas presents and carefully (to put) them into the stockings which (to hang) at the beds. 3. If you (to ring) me up tomorrow, I (to tell) you all about it. 4. The lesson (not yet to begin), and the children (to talk) loudly in the corridor. 5. I (to live) in St. Petersburg since 1991. 6. By the fifteenth of January the students (to pass) all the examinations. 7. The students (to write) the paper by dinner-time. 8. They (to sail) down the river for many hours before they (to come) to the village. 9. The rain (to stop) by the time we (to reach) home. 10. I (not to be) to my home town for five years. 11. The message (to arrive) five minutes after he (to leave) the house. 12. It (to be) nearly eleven o’clock when we (to begin) doing this work.
№ 16. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в одном из следующих времен: Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous.
1. He (to run) now. He (to run) for ten minutes without any rest. 2. What they (to do) now? – They (to work) in the reading-room. They (to work) there for already three hours. 3. Where he (to be) now? – He (to be) in the garden. He (to play) volley-ball with his friends. They (to play) since breakfast time. 4. I (to live) in St. Petersburg. I (to live) in St. Petersburg since 1990. 5. She already (to do) her homework for two hours; but she (not yet to do) half of it. 6. I (to wait) for you since two o'clock. 7. What you (to do)? – I (to read). I (to read) for already two hours.
№ 17. Поставьте каждый глагол в скобках в соответствующую форму одного из прошедших времен.
This time last year I (1)………(cycle) in the rain along a country road in France with a friend of mine. We (2)………….(decided) to go on a cycling holiday in Normandy. Neither of us (3)………. (be) to France before? But we (4)……….(know) some French from our time at school and we (5)………..(manage) to brush up on the basics.
Now we (6)…………..(wonder) if we (7)…………(make) the right decision. We (8)………(plan) our route carefully in advance, but we (9)……….(forget) one important thing, the weather. It (10)……(rain) solidly since our arrival and that night we (11)………(end up) sleeping in the waiting room at a railway station. Then the next morning as we (12)………(ride) down a steep hill bike (13)………(skid) on the wet road and I (14)……(fall off). I (15)……… (realize) immediately that I (16)…………(break) my arm, and after a visit to the local hospital I (17)……….(catch) the next train to Calais for the ferry home. Unfortunately my parents (18)………(not expect) me home for a fortnight, and (19)…………..(go) away on holiday. So I (20)…………(spend) a miserable couple of weeks alone, reading «Teach Yourself French».
№ 18. Поставьте каждый глагол в скобках в одно из следующих времен: Past Simple, Present Perfect Simple, Present Perfect Continuous.
I (1)………(move) to London three weeks ago to take up a new post at my company’s London office. Ever since then, I (2)……….(wonder) if I (3)………….(make) the right decision.
I (4)……….(see) a lot of negative things about loving in the capital, and I can’t say London (5)………..(make) a very favourable impression on me. It’s so polluted and expensive, and the people are so distant. You see, I (6)……….(grow up) in a fairly small town called Devizes and I (7)…………(spend) all my life there. I (8)……….(always/want) to live in a big city and so when my company (9)…………(offer) me a job in London, I (10)……..(jump) at the chance.
I think I’m not alone in my aversion to the big city. According to a programme I (11)…….. (just/hear) on the radio, more and more people (12)………(stop) working in London recently, and a lot of large companies (13)………….(choose) to move away from the centre. Oh well, it’s too late to change my mind now, because the job is up and running and I (14)………. (already/sell) my house in Devizes. But I must admit, over the past two days, I (15)……….. (secretly/ hope) that the company would relocate me back to my old town.
№ 19. Выберите только один правильный ответ.
1. What………you……….the whole evening?
a) did…discuss, b) were……….discussing, c) had……..discussed, d) had….been discussing
2. Europeans……..in Australia in 1788.
a) settled, b) was settling, c) has settled, d) had been settling
3. The spacecraft ……the Moon after three days.
a) was reaching, b) reached, c) had reached, d) had been reaching
4. That was the only thing today they……… .
a) was forgetting, b) forgot, c) had forgotten, d) were forgetting
5. My cousin….. a baker last week.
a) was marrying, b) married, c) had married, d) had been marrying
6. Five people………their lives in that terrible hurricane some months ago.
a) lost, b) was loosing, c) had lost, d) had been loosing
7. I don’t remember. It……….long ago.
a) was happening, b) happened, c) had happened, d) had been happening
8. They……. the task by two o’clock.
a) had done, b) was doing, c) did, d) didn’t do.
9. It……….more and more difficult to find a room.
a) had become, b) had been become, c) became d) was becoming
10. The lion….silently………its prey.
a) was…followed, b) had…followed, c) was…following, d) didn’t ….follow
11. When the animals………..their prey the lion…….restlessly in its cage.
a) were stalking, was moving; b) stalked, was moving, c) had stalked, moved, d) had been stalking, was moving
12. Our plant…….this equipment during the year.
a) produced, b) had been producing, c) was producing, d) had produced
13. It was getting hotter and hotter and the animals… in the shade of the bushes.
a) were lying, b) had been lying, c) lay, d) had lain
14. ……….your grandparents……….at this university before the war?
a) Did…..study, b) Had …studied, c) Were……studying, d) had……..been studying
15. We…looking for the plane until it………..too dark.
a) continued, became; b) continued, had been becoming; c) were continuing, had become; d) continued, had become.
16. It………….for a long time, when we……….home.
a) had been snowing, left; b) was snowing, left; c) snowed, were leaving; d) snowed, had left.
17. They….on the computer almost all night when I…..home.
a) worked, came; b) had been working, came; c) was working, had come; d) worked, came
18. Both experts….already……..when I …… .
a) had left, was returning; b) left, returned; c) had left, had returned; d) had been leaving, was returning
19. Before the bell……everybody………..the composition.
a) rang, had finished; b) had rung, had finished; c) was ringing, finished; d) rings, finished
20. I……….that they………. .
a) didn’t noticed, had left; b) hadn’t noticed, had left; c) didn’t notice, was leaving, d) didn’t notice, had left