Text. Residential and Industrial Buildings

Building industry including residential, public and industrial construction holds a considerable place in the National Economy. It is the largest industry in the country. The problems of construction have grown into major, political issues in most countries.

Housing is prominent among the factors affecting the level of living. In many countries residential construction has constituted at least 12 per cent and frequently more than 25 per cent of all capital formation.

The ever growing housing demands have brought to live new methods of construction with great emphasis upon standardization, new levels of technological advance utilizing such techniques as off-site prefabrication, precasting, use of reinforced concrete panels and large –scale site planning. At present prefabricated structures and precast elements may be classified into two principal groups – for residential houses and industrial buildings.

Industrial buildings comprise significant type of construction. This type involves factories, laboratories, food-processing plants, mines, office buildings, stores, garages, hangars, and other storage facilities, exhibition halls, etc.

Modern industrial buildings have demonstrated the advantages of reinforced concrete arches, metal frames, glass walls and prefabricated standardized mass produced parts.

Exercise II. Find in the text sentences in present perfect.

Exercise III. Choose the correct answers.

1. Modern industrial buildings have demonstrated the advantages of …

A hot-water supply and panel heating

B reinforced concrete arches, metal frames, glass walls and prefabricated parts

Call modern conveniences for a dwelling

2. Industrial type of construction involves …

A better built and better equipped flats and houses

B theatres, cinemas, museums, libraries, etc.

C factories, food-processing plants, mines, office buildings, stores, etc.

Exercise IV. Fill in the gaps with have/has gone or have/has been

1. Mum…..to the supermarket. She’ll be home soon

2. …. you ever….to the opera?

3. My sister …..to the cinema. She left an hour ago.

4. We ….to Paris twice so far this year but we want to go again soon.

5. My brother…never… to an art gallery.

6. He…to school. He should be home by 4.00.

7. Peter …just …to the corner shop. He’ll be back in a minute.

8. James …to Manchester for a few days on a business trip. He’s returning tomorrow.

HOME EXERCISES

Exercise I. Fill in sinceor for

I have wanted to visit France ever ….I entered college. I have been learning about French history and culture …. the past two years, and have recently been looking into possibility of studying in France …. one month this summer. I have dreamed about strolling in the grounds of the Palace of Versailles … so long. … I began my studies, I have become aware of the significant contributions that French leaders, writers, artists and scholars have made to the world. My professor has been traveling to France … over 20 years and he is still fascinated by its beauty and culture. … his first trip in 1965, he has written many books about his travels there which are highly regarded all over the world.

Exercise II. Fill in the gaps with have/has gone or have/has been to

1. I …. …..Paris three times.

2. Margie is not at home. She ….the library.

3. David works in Brazil. He … South America since 1990.

4. They are not at home. They ….the Zoo.

5. My sister …..Joe’s house. She’ll be back soon.

6. I …..never…….Japan.

7. Ann’s mother ….Canada for three years now.

LESSON III

Exercise I. Read the text.

ST. PAUL’S CATHEDRAL IN LONDON

St. Paul’s Cathedral stands on the site of former Saxon and Norman churches. The latter were destroyed in the Great Fire in 1666 and the present building completed in 1710, is the work of the famous architect Sir Christopher Wren. Londoners have a particular affection for St. Paul’s. The 110-meter high dome, containing a remarkable Whispering Gallery, is a prominent landmark towering above the many-storeyed buildings which lines the Thames bank.

Christopher Wren was an architect who had built many buildings. In 1675, he started on his greatest work. For 35 years the building of St. Paul’s Cathedral went on, and Wren was an old man before it was finished.

From far away you can see the huge dome with golden ball and cross on the top. The inside of the cathedral is very beautiful. After looking around, you can climb 263 steps to the Whispering Gallery, which runs round the dome. It is called so because if someone whispers close to the wall on one side, a person with an ear close to the wall on the other side can hear what is said. Then if you climb another 118 steps, you will be able to stand outside the dome and look over London.

But not only can you climb up, you can also go down underneath the cathedral, into the crypt. Here many great men, including Christopher Wren are buried..

Exercise II. Answer the following questions.

1. What was Christopher Wren? 2. How long did it take to build St. Paul’s Cathedral? 3. What is the height of the building? 4. What kind of a gallery does this cathedral contain? 5. What is the acoustic phenomenon of the gallery?

Exercise III. Read and translate the following word combinations into Russian.

this huge building, from far away, a prominent landmark, above the many-storeyed buildings, high dome, cross on the top.

Exercise IV. Read and translate the sentences in the Past Simple.

Exercise V. Complete this letter to a newspaper. Put in the present perfect or past simple.

A few days ago I (learn) that someone plans to knock down the White Horse Inn. This pub (be) the centre of village life for centuries. It (stand) at our crossroads for 500 years. It (be) famous in the old days, and Shakespeare once (stay) there, they say. I (live) in Brickfield all my life. The villagers (know) about the plans for less than a week and already there’s a ‘Save Our Pub’ campaign. Last week we (be) happy, but this week we’re angry. We will stop them, you’ll see.

HOME EXERCISES

Exercise I. Put in the verbs (present perfect or past simple).

Tom: (you /hear) the news about David?

Harriet: No, (what/happen)?

Tom: (he/have) an accident. He was walking down some steps. (he/fall) and (break) his leg.

Harriet: Oh, how awful. When (it/happen)?

Tom: Yesterday afternoon. Melanie (tell) me about it last night.

Harriet: Last night. (you/know) about it last night, and (you/not/tell) me.

Tom: Well, (I/not/see) you last night. And (I/not/see) you today, until now.

Harriet: I hope he’s all right. (he/have) lots of accidents, you know. (he/do) the same thing two years ago.

UNIT V.

LESSON I

FUTURE SIMPLE

(БУДУЩЕЕ ПРОСТОЕ/НЕОПРЕДЕЛЕННОЕ)

Affirmative	Short form	Negative	Short form
I will go You will go He, she, it will go We, they will go	I’ll go you’llgo he, she, it’llgo we, they’ll go	I will not go you will not go he, she, it will not go we, they will not go	I won’t go you won’t go he, she, it won’t go we, they won’t go

Interrogative

WillI go? Willyou, he, she, we they go?

Time expressions used with the future simple tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next week/ month/year/Sunday, morning, tonight, soon, in a week/month/year, etc.

Exercise I. Read and translate

1. They will come in twenty minutes. 2. I will go tomorrow. 3. They will start the day after tomorrow. 4. I’ll never phone you at night. 5. He’ll often come here at seven. 6. You won’t need it next Friday. 7. Will they always write these exercises at home? 8. Where will you go next summer? 9. She won’t be happy to see him again. 10. What will she do in a week?

Exercise II. Ask and answer, use the verbs hope, think, and expressions I’m sure, I’m afraid and adverbs probably, perhaps

Example: When will you go to the theatre? –I hope, I will (I’ll) go to the theatre next week.

go to market – tomorrow morning, buy a new car – in a year, show me your new dress – tonight, have a day-off – next Monday, come to see you grandmother – the day after tomorrow, help your sister – in twenty minutes, send postcards to your friends – soon, answer Betty’s letter- tomorrow, take your exams – next month, wash your car – on Saturday.

Exercise III. Use will (‘ll), or will not (won’t).

1. it/be/warm tomorrow
2. Tom/watch /the match
3. Harriet’s party/be/fun
4. Laura/be/annoyed
5. Andrew /not study/ all weekend
6. I/ not be/ on holiday in July
7. The world/ not end/ in the year 2050
8. They/know/ the results/ soon
9. We / not have/ time/ for a meal
10. Mary /give/ you/ a lift

Exercise IV. Read the dialogue and answer the questions.

A SHORT BUSINESS TRIP

Mary: When are you leaving?

Henry: At nine thirty tomorrow morning.

Mary: How long will you be away?

Henry: About a fortnight, I expect I will come back on May the 10^th.

Mary: May the 10^th is Saturday, isn’t it?

Henry: I suppose so.

Mary: Will you come back by the morning or the evening train?

Henry: I expect to be here early in the morning, so that I have a good quiet weekend with you.

1. When is Henry leaving the town?
2. Who is asking him questions?
3. Do you think Mary is sorry to see Henry off?
4. How long will Henry be away?
5. Is it going to be a business trip or a pleasure trip for Henry?
6. When does Henry intend to be back?
7. Why does he want to come back on a Saturday morning?

HOME EXERCISES

Exercise I. Answer the questions

When will you have your holiday for this year? (August). –I’ll have it in August.

1. Where will you spend your holiday? (England). 2. Who will you go with? (My wife)

3. Who will you visit? ( my friends). 4. Who will meet you there? my friend)/ 5. Where will you go first? (London). 6. What will you do there? (go sightseeing). 7. What will you see? (the National Gallery). 8. What will your wife do? (go to the shops). 9. What will you talk about with your friends? (different things).

LESSON II.

TIME CONJUNCTIONS

While, before, after, until, by the time, if, as soon as + Present Simple.

As soon as we finish dinner, I’ll servesome ice- cream.

Exercise I. Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Simple or Present Simple.

1. They … (check) the dates before they … (send) the invitations.
2. As soon as we … (finish) dinner I … (serve) some dessert.
3. I …go for a walk after I … (prepare) dinner.
4. If you … (not to know) what to do, I … (be) glad to help you.
5. When I … (type) the letter, I … (make) you a copy.
6. I don’t know if they … (accept) my proposal.
7. When I … (see) Mary tomorrow, I … (give) her your message.
8. When … (you pay) the money back?

Exercise II. Put a tick (v) next to the sentences which are correct and cross out(x) the unnecessary word in the sentences that are incorrect.

1. As soon as we will reach Crete, we must try some of the local dishes.
2. Take the rubbish out before you will go.
3. After I will do my shopping, I’ll have lunch with a friend.
4. By the time I will leave University, I’ll be twenty-two.
5. When you see Ross, tell him I was looking for him.
6. If you will run into John, give him my regards.
7. After we finish studying, we’ll go to the park.
8. You have to see the doctor before you will leave hospital.
9. When will he post the parcel?
10. I really don’t know when he will come back.

Exercise III. What is Lucy thinking? Make sentences using the notes.

If I get a promotion…

a) buy a car

b) go on a cruise

c) move to a bigger house

d) buy some new clothes

e) have a party

Exercise IV. Join the sentences using ifor unless(unless=if not)

1. We may go on a picnic a. I become a president
2. I’ll build more schools b. I work hard
3. The dog won’t bite you ifc. I have time
4. I won’t go shopping unlessd. You bother it
5. I’ll buy a new jacket e. It rains
6. I won’t get a promotion f. I can afford it

HOME EXERCISES

Exercise I. Cross out the unnecessary words.

1. After we will sit our exams, we’ll go on holiday.
2. I will ring you when I get to the airport.
3. By the time I will retire, I’ll be rich.
4. If your parents will come, give them this letter, please.
5. When will you know your holiday dates?
6. Turn off the lights before you will go to bed.
7. Buy me a newspaper when you will go out, please.

Exercise II. . Put the verbs in brackets into the Future Simple or Present Simple.

1. When you (to cross) the street, look left and then right. 2. It (to take) you ten minutes if you (to take) a taxi. 3. If you (to turn) the corner you (to see) a five-storey building in front of you. 4. You (to catch) the train if you (to hurry)/ 5. Let’s wait till the green light (to be) on. 6. When you (to get off) the bus I (to be) there. 7. Show this card to the policeman if you (to get) lost. 8. We (walk) if there (to be) no bus. 9. Before you (to leave) for Sochi ring me up. 10. If you (to come) at five o’clock we (to see) an interesting programme on TV. 11. As soon as you (to get) my letter, send me some money. 12. When I (to get) the money I (to buy) a new car. 13. If you (to be) busy on Sunday afternoon I (to invite) your friend. 14. If you (to look through) today’s paper you (to see) your picture there.

Exercise III. Make up a story ‘What I will do if the weather is fine tomorrow’.