Why people get tattoos

The desire to be part of a group, to be accepted by one's friends or peers, can have a great influence on what a person does. Sometimes, wearing a tattoo can be a sign that you belong to a certain group. Gangs often use special clothes and tattoos to identify their particular group. For example, in one gang all the members may wear green army jackets and have large 'Xs' tattooed on their arms. It is not only gangs that have this type of special 'uniform'. Young people often belong to a certain group of friends. For example,some wear only black clothes. Others wear tattoos. When a person's friends are all doing something, such as getting a tattoo, that person is more likely to do the same thing, and get a tattoo too.

The media is another big influence behind the popularity of tattoos in North America. A wide variety of media images show tattoos. Famous sports heroes with tattoos are shown in magazines. Fashion models are often seen in magazines and on TV wearing designer clothes that show their bodies tattooed with detailed and colourful patterns. These media images link tattoos to ideas of wealth, success, and status. As a result, many people decide to get a tattoo for its fashion and status value.

It is not always the influence of other people or the media that results in a person getting a tattoo. Many people decide to wear tattoos in order to express their artistic nature, their beliefs, or their feelings - in other words, to show their individuality. A musician in a rock band may get a tattoo of a guitar on the arm. Some environmentalists may tattoo pictures of endangered animals on their shoulders. Lovers may tattoo each others' names over their hearts. A tattoo can be a public sign to show what is important in a person's life.

2. Говорение.

Представьте себе, что Вас пригласили на конференцию по вопросам здорового образа жизни. Расскажите своим товарищам: - почему многие люди делают все возможное, чтобы быть здоровым; - что нужно делать, чтобы быть здоровым; - какие виды спорта популярны среди Ваших друзей.

Imagine that you were invited to take part in the conference on healthy lifestyle. - why lots of people try to keep fit; - what you do to keep fit; - what sports are popular with your friends.

Билет № 18

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THE SPIDER

Have you ever seen a small animal with four pairs of legs, a body that is divided into two parts?

This is a spider. Spiders live all over the world. They do not live only in the coldest places. You may find them on land: on grass, bushes, trees, and on pools, rivers, seas. There are 15,000 different kinds of spiders. The smallest spider is less than 1 mm in body length, and the biggest one can have body length up to 90 mm.

The spider spins its web to catch insects for food. It spins its web all its life. The process of spinning a web is very long. People say that the spider is very persistent in its work. If you destroy its web, a spider will begin to spin a new web.

There is a story about a spider and a Scottish hero Robert Bruce (1274-1329). Robert Bruce was at the head of the Scottish army in the fight for the independence of Scotland against the English kings, Edward the First and Edward the Second. .

Once Robert Bruce was watching a spider spinning the web. Robert Bruce destroyed the web, and the spider began to spin a new web. Several times Robert Bruce destroyed the web, and each time the spider began its work from the beginning.

Watching the persistent work of the spider, Bruce decided to be as persistent as the spider and continue the fight for the independence of Scotland. And he defeated the English.

It was many years ago, but Scottish people still remember their great victory, and their great leader Robert Bruce.

First Science

2. Говорение.

Вы хотите организовывать вечеринку для Ваших друзей. Расскажите им: - где пройдет вечеринка? - какие блюда и напитки будут там? - кого Вы пригласите? - какие развлечения на ней будут?

You want to organize a party for your friends. Tell them: - where the party will take place; - what food and drinks will be served; - whom you are going to invite; - what activities will you organise.

Билет № 19

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A JIPSY CHILD

One day MrEarnshaw came back from a long journey. He had travelled sixty miles to Liverpool and back on business, and was very tired. “Look what I have brought you!” he said. His children, Catherine and Hindley, were expecting presents and they rushed eagerly to see what it was.

They were very disappointed to see only a dirty, black-haired gipsy child. “I found him all alone in the busy street of Liverpool”, MrEarnshaw explained to them, “and I couldn’t leave him to die. He can sleep in your room, children.” But Catherine and Hindley were very angry because they hadn` t received any presents, and refused to let the strange child share their room. However, MrEarnshaw insisted and, and little by little the boy became accepted by the family. He was called Heathcliff, as a first and last name. No one ever discovered who his parents were.

Catherine and he became great friends, but Hindley hated him, and was often cruel to him. Old MrEarnshaw was strangely fond of that gipsy child, and frequently punished his son for behaving badly to Heathcliff. Hindley began to be jealous to his father’s feelings for Heathcliff, and saw them both as enemies.

This situation couldn’t last. As MrEarnshaw grew old and ill, Heathcliff became even more his favourite, and Hindley often quarrelled with father. When Hindley was sent away to study, everybody hoped that they would have peace in the house

2. Говорение.

Вас попросили рассказать о таких видах спорта как прыжки с парашютом, банджи-джампинг, скоростной спуск на байдарке? - Считаете ли Вы эти виды спорта интересными? Опасными? - Какими видами спорта занимаетесь Вы? - Считаете ли Вы важным заниматься спортом? - Что бы Вы посоветовали людям, которые не любят заниматься спортом?

You were asked to tell about such kinds of sport as parachuting, bungee jumping, kayaking: - whether you consider these kinds of sport interesting/ dangerous - what sports you go in for - whether you consider going in for sport to be important - what piece of advice you would give to those who don’t like going in for sport

Билет № 20

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LOVE FORАRT

Joe and Delia both loved art. Joe came to New York to study painting; Delia left a little town for New York to study music. Joe and Delia met at the friend` s studio, and a year later they got married. Joe and Delia were very happy, but one day they found that they had no money. Delia decided to give music lessons, and a few days later she came home very pleased with herself. “Joe, dear”, she said. “I have found a pupil. The family is rich, they` ll pay me five dollars a lesson!” However, Joe was not happy about that. He didn’t want his wife to work, he wanted her to study and be a famous pianist.

A week later Delia brought home 15 dollars for three lessons. To her surprise Joe put four five-dollar bills on the table too. He said that he had sold one of his pictures.

One Saturday evening Delia came home late, she looked very tired and her right hand was banged. Delia said: “My pupil’s family invited me to dinner after the lesson and the girl spilled some hot sauce on my hand. She was very sorry about that. “At what time did you burn your hand, Delia?” Joe asked her. “About five. The iron…I mean the sauce...” “Darling,” Joe took her hand in his. “Where are you working?” And she told him the truth. Delia couldn’t find any pupils and as she wanted Joe to study painting, she had to work in a laundry. “How did you know I wasn’t giving music lessons?” she asked. “I sent up these bandages this afternoon for a girl who had burnt her hand with an iron. I am working in the machine room of the same laundry.”

O` Henry

2. Говорение.

Представьте себе, что Вы проживаете в одной комнате с иностранным студентом/студенткой во время обучения на языковых курсах. Он/она интересуется Вашими семейными традициями. - Расскажите о составе и возрасте членов своей семьи, семейных традициях. - Поинтересуйтесь семейными традициями своего знакомого. - Выскажите мысль о том, что общего и в чем отличие в традициях Ваших семей.

Imagine you share the same room with a foreigner while studying. He/she is interested in your family traditions: - Tell about your family, their age and family traditions; - Ask about your friends’ family traditions; - Express your opinion on common and different things in your families.

Билет № 21

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SOUTH FOR THE WINTER

I never stay in one country for a long time. It gets boring. I like to move on, see new places, and meet different people. It's a good life, most of the time. When I need money, I get a job. I can do most things - hotel and restaurant work, building work, picking fruit.

I like to go south in the winter - Cyprus, or perhaps North Africa. Life is easier in the sun, and Northern Europe can get very cold in the winter. Last year I was in Venice in October. I did some work in a hotel for three weeks, then I began slowly to move south. I always go by train when I can. I like trains. You can walk about on a train, and you meet a lot of people.

I left Venice and went on to Trieste. There I got a cheap ticket for the slow train to Sofia, in Bulgaria. It takes a day and a half, but the express was too expensive.

The train left Trieste at nine o'clock on a Thursday morning. There weren't many people on it at first, but at Zagreb more people got on. Two girls went along the corridor, past my compartment. They looked through the door, but they didn't come in. The train left Zagreb and I looked out of the window for about ten minutes, then I went to sleep.

When I opened my eyes again, the two girls were in the compartment.

'Hi!' they said.

'You're American,' I said. 'Or Canadian. Right?'

'American,' the taller girl said. She smiled. 'And you're twenty-three, your name is Tom Walsh, you've got blue eyes, and your mum lives in Burnham-on-Sea, UK. Right?

'How did you know all that?' I asked.

Jennifer Bassett

2. Говорение.

Представьте, что к Вам в гости пришел Ваш друг. Вы беседуете о доме Вашей мечты. Расскажите ему: - как выглядит дом Вашей мечты; - какая Ваша любимая комната и что в ней находится; - где будет находится Ваш дом.

Imagine your friend came to see you. Tell him: - what the house looks like; - what your favourite room is and what is in it; - where in the world your house would be located.

Билет № 22

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A TEENAGE BUSINESSMAN

When most 14-year-old boys are playing football or computer games after school, James Kenyon from Manchester is running his own successful business. “I’ve heard of a company in Scotland selling homemade bath products and thought it was a good idea.

My dad said I could do that, so I decided to take a chance,” James explains. That was two and a half years ago.

James started selling bath products to his friends and neighbours, but soon he began working for two local shopkeepers. Since he started his own soap company, selling homemade soap, bath salt and other bath products, James has earned over & 4,500.

James is proud of his success in business but he thinks there are more important things in his life. “I’ve learnt lots and I’m really enjoying it, but my school work always comes first.

James` s parents are proud of their son, they think that he plans everything really well – he does homework and he can focus on the business in his spare time. James says his parents have been a big support.

In 2006 James became a finalist in the Enterprising Young Brit Award. James is just one of an extraordinary group of enterprising young British businessmen who have innovative ideas and enthusiasm for business. Age and experience is certainly no obstacle to their success; their ambition and energy inspires them to create their money-making ideas.

BBCnews

2. Говорение.

Вас попросили написать сообщение о школьной форме. Расскажите своим товарищам: - носите ли Вы школьную форму; - преимущества и недостатки школьной формы; - форму какого дизайна Вы бы предложили.

You were asked to make a report about school uniform. Tell your friends: - whether you wear school uniform in school or not; - what the advantages and disadvantages of wearing school uniform are; - what design you school uniform will be.

Билет № 23

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