To seem, to appear, to turn out, to happen

Упражнение 463

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на сложное подлежащее.

1. This work seems to take much time. 2. The operation seemed to be a complicated one. 3. Money just doesn't happen to interest me. 4. In the middle of the lecture Dr. Sommerville happened to pause and look out of the window. 5. From the very first mention of Long John, I was afraid that he might turn out to be the very one-legged sailor whom I had watched for so long at the inn. 6. Clyde seemed to have been thinking of no one else but Sondra since their last meeting. 7. Clyde appeared to have forgotten of his promise to spend his spare evenings with Roberta. 8. She appeared to be an excellent actress. 9. One day a Hare happened to meet a Tortoise. 10. The Tortoise seemed to be moving very slowly. 11. The Hare turned out to be the loser of the race. 12. The apparatus seemed to be in excellent condition. 13. You appear to have found in him something that I have missed. 14. The new meth-

odfl of work appear to be very effective. 15. The percentage of carbon in this steel turned out to be low.16. Irving turned out to be a long, pale-faced fellow. 17. His office turned out to be in one of the hack streets. 18. He appeared to be an ideal man. 19. She doesn't seem to want to do anything I suggest. 20. He turned out to have no feeling whatever for his nephew. 21. This appeared to amuse the policeman. 22. You can easily get in through the window if the door happens to be locked. 23. The peasants did not seem to see her. 24. The Gadfly seemed to have taken a dislike to Signora Grassini from the time of their first meeting. 25. You don't seem to have done any great thing for yourself by going away. 26. "Jim," he said at last, in a voice that did not seem to belong to him.

Упражнение 464

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя сложное подлежащее.

• E.g. It appeared that they had lostthe way. They appeared to have lostthe way.

1. It seems they know all about it. 2. It seems they have heard all about it. 3. It seemed that the discussion was coming to an end. 4. It seems that you don't approve of the idea. 5. It seemed that the house had not been lived in for a long time. 6. It appeared that he was losing patience. 7. It appeared that he had not heard what had been said. 8. It happened that I was present at the opening session. 9. It so happened that I overheard their conversation. 10. It turned out that my prediction was correct. 11. It turned out that the language of the article was quite easy.

380 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Сложное подлежащее (Complex Subject) 381

Запомните следующие предложения, содержащие Complex Subject:

Не is likely to win the prize. — Похоже, что он

выиграет приз.

Не is sure to come. — Он обязательно придет.

Упражнение 465

Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на словосочетания to be likely to, to be sure to.

1. We most of us want a good many things that we are not likely to get. 2. He is sure to tell me all about this even if I don't ask him. 3. When Sondra said that they were sure to meet again, she saw Clyde's face suddenly brighten. 4. If we go on arguing, we are sure to quarrel. 5. They are sure to acknowledge your talent. 6. He is sure to give us some useful information. 7. The article is likely to appear in the next issue of the journal. 8. Mr. Worthing is sure to be back soon. 9. These two young people are sure to be very good friends. 10. You are sure to be there tomorrow night, aren't you? 11. She is not likely to change her opinion. 12. They were sure to come to an understanding. 13. Don't worry: everything is sure to turn out all right. 14. This new course of treatment is sure to help your grandmother.

Упражнение 466

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя сложное подлежащее.

1. Говорят, что это здание было построено в XVII веке. 2. Предполагают, что заседание закончится в десять часов. 3. Никак не ожидали, что

холодная погода наступит так рано. 4. Оказалось, что мы уже когда-то встречались. 5. Вы, кажется, устали. 6. Условия работы оказались более трудными, чем предполагалось. 7. Вы случайно не знаете этого человека? 8. Книга, которую вы мне дали, оказалась скучной. 9. Новые автобусы оказались очень удобными. 10. Из трех сестер Брон-те Шарлотта считается наиболее талантливой.

11. Как известно, английская писательница Вой-нич жила в течение нескольких лет в Петербурге и изучала русскую литературу. Считают, что русская литература оказала влияние на ее творчество.

12. Ваш приятель, кажется, очень интересуется древней историей. 13. Известно, что римляне построили на Британских островах хорошие дороги. 14. Полагают, что поэма „Беовульф" была написана в VIIIвеке. 15. Вальтер Скотт считается создателем историче-ского романа. 16. Сообщают, что экспедиция достигла места назначения. 17. Я случайно знаю номер его телефона. 18. Он оказался хорошим спортсменом. 19. Он, кажется, пишет новую статью: кажется, он работает над ней уже две недели. 20. Я случайно встретил его в Москве. 21. Полагают, что они знают об этом больше, чем хотят показать. 22. Джим оказался храбрым мальчиком. 23. Рочестер случайно встретил Джейн по дороге домой. 24. Говорят, что он работает над своим изобретением уже несколько лет. 25. Говорят, что эта статья переведена на все языки мира. 26. Вы, кажется, много читали до поступления в университет.

УСЛОВНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ. СОСЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ НАКЛОНЕНИЕ ПОСЛЕ "I WISH"

Запомните три типа условных предложений:

Ill

If the weather /s fine, we shall play outside.

If you ring me u&, I shall tell you something.

If the weather were fine, we should play outside.

If you rang me up, I should tell you something.

If the weather had been fine, we should have played outside.

If you had rung me up. I should have told you something.

Если погода будет хорошая, мы будем играть на открытом воздухе.

Если ты мне позвонишь, я тебе кое-что расскажу.

Если бы погода была хорошая (сегодня; завтра), мы бы играли на открытом воздухе.

Если бы ты мне позвонил (сегодня, завтра), я бы тебе кое-что рассказал.

Если бы погода была хорошая (вчера), мы бы играли на открытом воздухе.

Если бы ты мне позвонил (вчера), я бы тебе кое-что рассказал.

Условные предложения______ 383

Упражнение 467

Раскрывая скобки, напишите каждое предложение три раза, образуя условные предложения I, II и III типов.

• E.g. If you (to be) free, I (to come)to see you. Ifyou arefree, I shall come tosee you. Ifyou werefree, I shouldcome to see you. Ifyou had beenfree, I should have cometo

see you. If I (to see)her, I (to be)glad. If I seeher, I shall beglad. If I sawher, I should beglad. If I had seenher, I should have beenglad.

1. If you (to be) busy, I (to leave) you alone. 2. If my friend (to come) to see me, I (to be) very glad. 3. If mother (to buy) a cake, we (to have) a very nice tea party. 4. If we (to receive) a telegram from him, we (not to worry). 5. If you (not to work) systematically, you (to fail) the exam. 6. If I (to live) in Moscow, I (to visit) the Tretyakov Gallery every year. 7. If I (to get) a ticket, I (to go) to the Philharmonic. 8. If I (to live) near a wood, I (to gather) a lot of mushrooms. 9. If my father (to return) early, we (to watch) TV together. 10. If she (to know) English, she (to try) to enter the university.

Упражнение 468

Перепишите каждое из следующих предложений дважды, образуя предложения нереального условия:

a) относящиеся к настоящему или будущему
(II тип);

b) относящиеся к прошедшему (III тип).

1. If I am not too busy, I shall go to the concert. 2. They will all be surprised if I make such a mistake. 3. If he doesn't come in time, shall we have to

ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Условные предложения

wait for him? 4. If no one comes to help, we shall be . obliged to do the work ourselves. 5. If you put on your glasses, you will see better. 6. What shall we do if they are late? 7. Will you be very angry if we don't come? 8. Will he be very displeased if I don't ring him up?

Упражнение 469

Произнесите вслух все возможные условные предложения I типа, используя подстановочную таблицу. (Упражнение на выработку автоматизма речи.)

If I	live in the south,	I shall bathe every day.
	come home late,		go to bed at once.
	live in the country,		often go to the wood.
	go to the wood,		gather many mushrooms.
	receive his letter,		be very happy.
	fall ill,		go to the doctor.
	find my book,		be very glad.
	lose my money,		be very sorry.
	see my friend,	ask his advice.

Упражнение 470

Произнесите вслух все возможные условные предложения II типа, используя подстановочную таблицу. (Упражнение на выработку автоматизма речи.)

I wish	in the south	I should	bathe every day.
I were	at home in the country		go to bed. go to the wood.
If I were
	in the wood		gather many mushrooms.
	at the camp		have a very good time.
	a scientist		invent a time machine.
	a composer		write beautiful music.
	a poet		write beautiful poetry.
	a writer		write interesting novels.
	a spaceman		fly to other planets.
	a sailor		sail to Africa.

Упражнение 471

Произнесите вслух все возможные условные предложения III типа, используя подстановочную таблицу. (Упражнение на выработку автоматизма речи.)

I wish	translated the ar-	I should	found out all about
I had	ticle yesterday met you yesterday	have	this discovery, told you something.
If I had
	read this new book		told you about it.
	seen your brother		asked him to come
	yesterday		to our place.
	bought a diction-		translated the text.
	ary
	learned my lesson		got a good mark.
	rung him up yes-		found out all about
	terday		his illness.
	gone to the library		got that book.
	had more practice		won the game yes-
	in chess		terday.
	joined you in		caught a lot of fish.
	fishing
	had a ticket yes-		gone to the theatre
	terday		with you.
	asked you to help me		done the work well.
	called at that shop		bought the book.
	called on my friend		met interesting
	yesterday		people.
	won the champion-		been sent abroad.
	ship
	heard about it yes-		been pleased.
	terday

13 Ю. Голицынский

386 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Условные предложения

Упражнение 472

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме.

1. If he were not such an outstanding actor, he (not to have) so many admirers. 2. If you (to give) me your address, I shall write you a letter. 3. If she (not to be) so absent-minded, she would be a much better student. 4. If my sister does not go to the south, we (to spend) the summer in St. Petersburg together. 5. If they (not to go) to Moscow last year, they would not have heard that famous musician. 6. If you (not to get) tickets for the Philharmonic, we shall stay at home. 7. If you were not so careless about your health, you (to consult) the doctor. 8. I should be delighted if I (to have) such a beautiful fur coat. 9. If it (to rain), we shall have to stay at home. 10. If he (to work) hard, he would have achieved great progress. 11. If it is not too cold, I (not to put) on my coat. 12. I (to write) the composition long ago if you had not disturbed me. 13. If he (not to read) so much, he would not be so clever. 14. If my friend (to be) at home, he will tell us what to do.

Упражнение 473

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требу-ющейся форме.

1. If you (not to buy) coffee, we shall drink tea. 2. If he is free tomorrow, he certainly (to come) to our party. 3. My brother would not have missed so many lessons if he (not to hurt) his leg. 4. If my friend (to work) in my office, we should meet every day. 5. If you spoke English every day, you (to improve) your language skills. 6. If you get a "five", your mother (to be) happy. 7. If she (to return) earli-

er, she would have been able to see him before he left. 8. If these shoes were not too big for me, I (to buy) them. 9. If you (to ring) me up, I shall tell you a secret. 10. If you (to be) a poet, you would write beautiful poetry. 11. If he did not read so much, he (not to know) English literature so well. 12. If he (to come) to our house yesterday, he would have met his friend. 13. If he (not to pass) his exam, he will not get a scholarship. 14. If she (not to help) me, I should have been in a very difficult situation. 15. My father would have more free time if he (not to read) so many newspapers. 16. If only you had let me know, I (to go) there immediately. 17. If I were a famous singer, I (to get)-* lot of flowers every day.

Упражнение 474

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме.

1. If my brother (to be) in trouble, I shall help him, of course. 2. If I don't manage to finish my report today, I (to stay) at home tomorrow. 3. If she were more careful about her diet, she (not to be) so stout. 4. You would not feel so bad if you (not to smoke) too much. 5. If he (to learn) the poem, he would not have got a bad mark. 6. If you gave me your dictionary for a couple of days, I (to translate) this text. 7. If I (to be) a musician, I should be very happy. 8. If Barbara (to get) up at half past eight, she would have been late for school. 9. If you had not put the cup on the edge of the table, it (not to get) broken. 10. I should be very glad if he (to come) to my place. 11. If he (to live) in St. Petersburg, he would go to the Hermitage every week. 12. If you (to go) to the theatre with us last week, you would have enjoyed the evening. 13. You won't understand the rule if you (not to listen) to the teacher. 14. If he weren't such a bookworm, he (not to spend) so

388ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Условные предложения 389

much time sitting in the library. 15. I should not have bought the car if my friend (not to lend) me money. 16. If he did not live in St. Petersburg, we (not to meet) so often. 17. If he had warned me, I (to do) the work in time.

Упражнение 475

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме.

1. If I (to have) this rare book, I should gladly lend it to you. 2. The dish would have been much more tasty if she (to be) a better cook. 3. He never (to phone) you if I hadn't reminded him to do that. 4. Your brother (to become) much stronger if he took cold baths regularly. 5. If he (to be) more courageous, he would not be afraid. 6. If the fisherman had been less patient, he (not to catch) so much fish. 7. If you (to put) the ice cream into the refrigerator, it would not have melted. 8. If I (to know) the result now, I would phone her immediately. 9. If you had let me know yesterday, I (to bring) you my book.

10. If it (to snow), the children will play snowballs.

11. If I (not to know) English, I should not be able
to enjoy Byron's poetry. 12. I (not to do) it if you
did not ask me. 13. If men (to have) no weapons,
would wars be possible? 14. You will never finish
your work if you (to waste) your time like that.
15. If I (to have) his telephone number, I should eas
ily settle this matter with him.

Упражнение 476

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме.

1.If she (to ask) me yesterday, I should certainly have told her all about it. 2. If you (to do) your morning exercises every day, your health would be much

better. 3. If he is not very busy, he (to agree) to go to the museum with us. 4. If I (not to be) present at the lesson, I should not have understood this difficult rule. 5. If he reads fifty pages every day, his vocabulary (to increase) greatly. 6. If they (to know) it before, they would have taken measures. 7. If I (to get) this book, I shall be happy. 8. If you really loved music, you (to go) to the Philharmonic much more often. 9. If you had not wasted so much time, you (not to miss) the train. 10. If you (not to miss) the train, you would have arrived on time. 11. You (not to miss) the teacher's explanation if you had arrived on time. 12. You would have understood the rule if you (not to miss) the teacher's explanation. 13. If you (to understand) the rule, you would have written the paper successfully. 14. If you had written the paper successfully, you (not to get) a "two". 15. Your mother (not to scold) you if you had not got a "two". 16. If your mother (not to scold) you, you would have felt happier.

Упражнение 477

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме.

1. If it (to rain) tomorrow, our game will be cancelled. 2. If a dog (to bite) in her leg, she would go straight to hospital. 3. If he had known it was going to rain, he (to take) his umbrella to work today. 4. If only I (to have) more pocket money, I could buy some new English books. 5. If she hadn't missed the bus, she (not to be) late for work. 6. If I (to live) two hundred years ago, I couldn't have spoken on the telephone. 7. If my daughter did her homework carefully, she (to get) much better marks. She's really a smart little girl. 8. If his friend (to be) in the mood to see a film, they would have gone to the cinema last night. 9. If my cactus plant (not to have) a rare

390ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Условные предложения

disease, it wouldn't have died. 10. If they had remembered your address, they (to send) you a postcard. 11. If Tom saw a car crash, he (to telephone) the police and (to help) the people in the cars. 12. If you are not sure, what to say, you (to have) to guess. 13. If she (not to be) very ill, she wouldn't have been absent from English classes all last week. 14. If my parents had had good seats, they (to enjoy) the play last night. 15. If a robber (to attack) him in a dark street, he would defend himself. 16. If he hadn't been so careless, he (not to fall) into this trap. 17. If you (not to smoke), you would feel more energetic. 18. If her alarm clock (to ring), she would have been on time for work this morning.

Упражнение 478

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме.

1. If you were on a hijacked plane, you (to attack) the hijackers? 2. If they were on a hijacked plane, they (to stay) calm and probably (to survive). 3. If my friend had been trying harder, he (to succeed). 4. If I (to live) in 1703,1 shouldn't (wouldn't')¹ have had a computer. 5. If she (to smell) smoke in the middle of the night, she would telephone the fire brigade and run into the street and shout, "Fire!" 6. If he (to invite), he would have come to the party last Sunday. 7. If the driver in front hadn't stopped suddenly, the accident (not to happen). 8. If you (not to know) how to play, my sister will explain the rules to you. 9. If she had told them it was her birthday,

'В современном английском языке имеется тенденция к употреблению "would" вместо "should" с первым лицом единственного и множественного числа в главном предложении условных придаточных предложений II и III типов. См. Raymond Murphy "Essential Grammar in Use" a book for intermediate students: Unit 38 — If I knew his number, I wouldphone him.

they (to give) her a birthday present. 10. If I had more time, I (to read) more books. 11. If their TV had been working, they (to watch) the President's speech last night. 12. If my T-shirt hadn't been 100 percent cotton, it (not to shrink) so much. 13. How can you become more popular in your class: if you (to get) the top mark in mathematics or English or if you (to be) good at sports? 14. If they (to go) by car, they would have saved time. 15. If I (to be) a bird, I would¹ be able to fly. 16. If he (to bring) his book home, he would have done his homework last night. 17. If my mother (to win) a million pounds, she would spend it as fast as possible. 18. If you had been feeling well, you (to be) in class yesterday.

Упражнение 479

Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме.

1. I am sorry that you do not read English novels; if you (to read) them, I (to lend) you some very interesting ones. 2. You say that you did not read yesterday's papers; if you (to read) them, you (to see) the announcement of Professor X's coming to our town. 3. He is not ill: if he (to be) ill, he (not to play) tennis so much. 4. He was not ill last week: if he (to be) ill, he (not to take) part in the football match. 5. How slippery it is! If it (not to rain), it (not to be) so slippery. 6. I am glad I was able to attend the lecture yesterday. You (to be) displeased if I (not to come)? 7. Let's take a taxi to the railway station: we have a lot of luggage. If we (not to have) so much luggage, we (to walk). 8. Stop working and let's go inside: it is too dark. If the evening (not to be) so dark, we (to continue) the work. 9.1 don't believe you: you only say that you want to know

¹ См. примечание на стр. 390.

392 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Условные предложения

languages. If you (to be) really interested in languages, you (to study) them.

Упражнение 480

Образуйте условные предложения.

1. Не is busy and does not come to see us. If ... 2. The girl did not study well last year and received bad marks. If ... 3. He broke his bicycle and so he did not go to the country. If ... 4. He speaks English badly: he has no practice. If ... 5. I had a bad headache yesterday, that's why I did not come to see you. If ... 6. The ship was sailing near the coast, that's why it struck a rock. If ... 7. He was not in town, therefore he was not present at our meeting. If ... 8. The pavement was so slippery that I fell and hurt my leg. If ... 9. The sea is rough, and we cannot sail to the island. If ... 10. They made a fire, and the frightened wolves ran away. If ... 11. It is late, and I have to go home. If ... 12. I was expecting my friend to come, that's why I could not go to the cinema with you. If ... 13. He always gets top marks in mathematics because it is his favourite subject and he works a lot at it. If ... 14. I did not translate the article yesterday because I had no dictionary. If ... 15. We lost our way because the night was pitch-dark. If ... 16. The box was so heavy that I could not carry it. That's why I took a taxi. If ...

Упражнение 481

Образуйте условные предложения.

1. The travellers had no camera with them, so they could not take photos of the beautiful scenery. If ... 2. There was no sugar left, so we had to go to the shop late in the evening. If ... 3. This house is very nice and comfortable, but it is not very good for living because it is situated close to a chemical

plant and the air around is very bad. If ... 4. He is an excellent specialist, but I cannot ask his advice because I am not acquainted with him. If ... 5. You cannot enjoy this merry evening party because you have a toothache. If ... 6. You know the material well enough, but you are very absent-minded, and that's why you always make many mistakes. If ... 7. You did not ring me up, so I did not know you were in trouble. If ... 8. You left the child alone in the room, so he hurt himself. If ... 9. They spent a year in the tropics, so they got very sun-tanned. If ... 10. It rained heavily, so we got drenched to the skin. If ... 11. Why didn't you watch the cat? It ate all the fish. If ... 12. A huge black cloud appeared from behind the forest, so we had to turn back and hurry home. If ... 13. We shall not go to see them because it is very late. If ... 14. Naturally she was angry, because you were in her way. If ...

Упражнение 482

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму сослагательного наклонения после "I wish".

1. I wish I (to have) a season ticket to the Philharmonic next winter. 2. I wish I (to consult) the teacher when I first felt that mathematics was too difficult for me. 3. I love sunny weather. I wish it (to be) warm and fine all the year round. 4. I wish I (not to lend) Nick my watch: he has broken it.

5. I wish you (to send) word as soon as you arrive.

6. I wish I (not to have) to do my homework every day. 7. I wish you (to go) skiing with me yesterday: I had such a good time! 8. I wish I (to know) Spanish. 9. I wish I (not to drink) so much coffee in the evening: I could not sleep half the night. 10. I wish you (to read) more in future. 11. I wish I never (to suggest) this idea. 12. I wish I (to be) at yesterday's

394ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Условные предложения

party: it must have been very merry. 13. I wish we (to meet) again next summer. 14. Don't you wish you (to see) that performance before? 15. They wished they (not to see) this horrible scene again. 16. The unfortunate pupil wished he (not to forget) to learn the rule.

Упражнение 483

Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму сослагательного наклонения после "I wish".

1. I wish I (can) give up smoking. 2. She wishes she (to see) him at yesterday's party. 3. I wish I (to pass) my driving test last Monday. 4. I wish I (not to forget) my friend's birthday yesterday. 5. The boy is sad. He wishes he (not to break) the window. 6. My aunt wishes she (to stay) at home last weekend. 7. He wishes he (to know) something about cars. 8. I wish it (to be) sunny. 9. I wish it (to be) sunny during our picnic last Saturday. 10. She wishes she (to live) in the Crimea. 11. My friend wishes he (not to do) that last night. 12.1 wish I (to bring) my camera last summer. 13. I wish I (can) tell the future. 14. Do you wish you (to be) in the Guinness Book of Records? 15. Some people wish they (can) appear on a TV game show and become famous. 16. She often wishes things (to be) different.

Упражнение 484

Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя "I wish".

• E.g. It's a pity you are ill.

I wish you were not ill.

1. Unfortunately they won't return before Christmas. 2. The student was sorry he had not studied the material better and had shown such poor

knowledge at the exam. 3. It's a pity that you did not send for us last night. 4. It's a pity you are not with us these days. 5. My friend regrets not having entered the university. 6. He was sorry not to have had enough time to finish his paper. 7. It's a pity we shan't be able to reach home before teatime. 8. I am sorry I made you upset by telling you this news. 9. What a pity you don't know enough physics.

Упражнение 485

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя "1 wish".

1. а) Жаль, что он такой легкомысленный, б) Жаль, что он не достаточно серьезен.

2. а) Я теперь жалею, что не послушал его совета, б) Я теперь жалею, что последовал его совету.

3. а) Жаль, что вы пришли так поздно, б) Жаль, что вы не пришли пораньше.

4. а) Обидно, что мы ушли до его прихода.

б) Обидно, что мы не дождались его прихода.

5. а) К сожалению, они еще ничего не знают,
б) К сожалению, они уже знают об этом.

Упражнение 486

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя "I wish".

1. Ах, если бы вы сказали ей об этом в прошлое воскресенье! 2. Хорошо бы у нас сейчас были каникулы. 3. Если бы он пришел сегодня вечером!

4. Мы пожалели, что не попросили его совета.

5. Жаль, что вы отказались принять участие в пикнике. 6. Жаль, что вас не интересует этот предмет.

7. Мы бы хотели, чтобы вы упомянули эти факты.

8. Жаль, что мы опоздали на поезд. 9. Жаль, что

396 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Условные предложения

вы включили телевизор так поздно. 10. Если бы я был свободен сейчас! 11. Жаль, что и вчера у меня было мало времени. 12. Хорошо бы вы написали ей об этом сами. 13. Жаль, что вы не обратили внимания на его предупреждение. 14. Он пожалел, что бросил университет. 15. Жаль, что уже поздно идти туда. 16. Ах, если бы я пришел на вокзал вовремя! 17. Жаль, что вы не читали такую прекрасную книгу. 18. Жаль, что она делает так много ошибок в речи. 19. Жаль, что вы не побывали на выставке. 20. Жаль, что я узнал об этом так поздно. 21. Как жаль, что мы не застали Колю дома. 22. Она сожалела, что не рассказала нам эту историю раньше.

Обратите внимание на смешанные случаи

употребления времен в условных предложениях

// и /// типа:

If I were acquainted with this famous professor, I should have rung him up. yesterday.

Условие относится к настоящему времени (// тип), а следствие — к прошедшему (/// тип).

If I had written the composition yesterday, I should be free now.

Условие относится к прошедшему времени (/// тип), а следствие — к настоящему (// тип).

Упражнение 487

Образуйте условные предложения. Не забудьте о смешанных случаях.

1. I shall go to the dentist because I have a toothache. If ... 2. He is groaning with pain now because he did not go to the dentist to have his tooth filled.

If ... 3. She does not go to the polyclinic because she does not need any treatment. If ... 4. He will not go to see the play as he was present at the dress rehearsal. If ... 5. He went to Moscow specially to hear this famous singer because he is fond of him. If ... 6. We did not go to the cafeteria to have a glass of lemonade because we were not thirsty. If ... 7. She could not mend her dress herself because she had no needle. If ... 8. He is not a first-class sportsman now because he did not train enough last year. If ... 9. The pupils were active because they wanted to understand this difficult material. If ... 10. The pupils did not understand the homework because they were inattentive. If ... 11. The pupils worked hard and did well in their exams. If ... 12. She won't try to enter the foreign languages department because she is not good at foreign languages. If ...

Упражнение 488

Переведите на английский язык.

1. Он так изменился! Если бы вы его встретили, вы бы его не узнали. 2. Если бы я был на вашем месте, я бы посоветовался с родителями. 3. Если бы сейчас подошел трамвай, мы бы не опоздали. 4. Если бы он знал, что это вас расстроит, он был бы осторожнее. 5. Если бы вы мне помогли решить эту задачу, я был бы вам очень благодарен. 6. Жаль, что нам раньше не пришло в голову поискать книгу в библиотеке. Мы бы сделали работу вовремя и сейчас были бы уже свободны. 7. Жаль, что у нас было так мало уроков. Если бы мы больше поработали, мы бы лучше знали язык. 8. Если бы он регулярно не посещал спортивные тренировки, он не добился бы такого успеха на состязаниях. 9. Если бы ты предупредил меня заранее, я бы уже был в Москве. 10. Жаль,

398ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

что она уже ушла. Если бы ты позвонил раньше, она была бы сейчас здесь. 11. Если бы он был умнее, он бы не пошел вчера в лес. 12. Если бы она не прислала вчера это письмо, мой брат был бы сейчас дома. 13. Что бы мы сейчас делали, если бы мама не испекла вчера пирог? 14. Жаль, что вы не слышали музыку Рахманинова. Если бы вы ее слышали, вы бы знали, какой это замечательный композитор. 15. Я уверен, что все были бы рады, если бы вечер состоялся.

Упражнение 489

Переведите на английский язык.

1. Если бы я знал французский, я бы уже давно поговорил с ней. 2. Если бы я знал немецкий язык, я бы читал Гете в оригинале. 3. Если бы я жил близко, я бы чаще заходил к вам. 4. Если бы вы не прервали нас вчера, мы бы закончили работу в срок. 5. Если бы он не следовал советам врача, он бы не поправился так быстро. 6. Если бы он не был талантливым художником, его картину не приняли бы на выставку. 7. Если бы вы тогда послушались моего совета, вы бы не были сейчас в таком затруднительном положении. 8. Если бы я не был так занят в эти дни, я бы помог тебе вчера. 9. Если бы он не был так близорук, он бы узнал меня вчера в театре. 10. Она здорова. Если бы она была больна, ее брат сказал бы мне об этом вчера. 11. Вы бы много знали, если бы регулярно читали этот журнал. 12. Если бы я узнала об этом раньше, то не сидела бы сейчас дома. 13. Если бы мои родители были богаты, они бы уже давно купили мне машину. 14. Она очень талантлива. Хорошо бы родители купили ей пианино. Если она начнет играть сейчас, она будет выдающимся музыкантом.

МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ

_____________________ CAN_____________________

Возможность что-нибудь сделать (могу, умею)

I can play the piano. I cannot swim.

(умею) (не умею)

He can answer the He cannot understand,

question, (может) (не может)

Can you sing? (умеете?) Can you help me? (можете?)

I could not ski when I was little, (не умел) She could not jump so high, (не могла)

Упражнение 490

Переведите на русский язык.

1. Her grandmother can knit very well. 2. I can answer the questions. They are very easy. 3. This trip is too expensive for me. I can't afford it. 4. She can type. She can speak well on the telephone. She hopes she can find the job she's looking for. 5. Can you go to have lunch with me? — I'm sorry. I can't. 6. Mike can run very fast. 7. They can understand French. 8. Kate can speak English well. 9. My broth-

400 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Модальные глаголы

er can come and help you in the garden. 10. Can you speak Spanish? 11. Can your brother help me with mathematics? 12. His little sister can walk already. 13. The children cannot carry this box: it is too heavy. 14. My friend cannot come in time. 15. This old woman cannot sleep at night. 16. His sister can cook very well. 17. I can sing, but I cannot dance. 18. Can't you wait till tomorrow morning? — I can wait, but my toothache can't.

Упражнение 491

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол can (could).

1. Я умею говорить по-английски. 2. Мой папа не умеет говорить по-немецки. 3. Ты умеешь говорить по-французски? 4. Моя сестра не умеет кататься на коньках. 5. Ты можешь переплыть эту реку? 6. Я не могу выпить это молоко. 7. Она не может вас понять. 8. Ты умел плавать в прошлом году? 9. В прошлом году я не умел кататься на лыжах, а сейчас умею. 10. Вы не можете мне сказать, как доехать до вокзала? 11. Не могли ли бы вы мне помочь? 12. Я не могу перевести это предложение. 13. Никто не мог мне помочь. 14. Где тут можно купить хлеб? 15. Твоя бабушка умела танцевать, когда была молодая? — Да, она и сейчас умеет.

ТО BE ABLE TO

Эквивалент глагола CAN

Не is able to do it. (может, в состоянии) Не was able to do it yesterday, (мог) He will be able to do it tomorrow, (сможет) He has been able to swim since childhood.

(умеет с детства)

Упражнение 492

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя выражение to be able to.

1. Она не сможет вовремя добраться до аэропорта. 2. Ты сможешь отправить ему электронную почту сегодня вечером? 3. Они какое-то время не смогут смотреть телевизор, с ним что-то случилось. 4. Боюсь, что он не сможет помочь мне переехать в новый дом на следующей неделе. 5. Ты сможешь сделать эту работу завтра? 6. Я думаю, она не сумеет решить эту задачу. 7. Завтра я буду свободен и смогу помочь тебе. 8. Мы сможем поехать в Нью-Йорк в будущем году? 9. Ты сможешь починить мой магнитофон? 10. Вчера я не смог повидать директора, так как он был на конференции, но сегодня после работы я смогу это сделать.

Упражнение 493

Перепишите следующие предложения, добавляя слова, данные в скобках. Замените модальный глагол can (could) выражением to be able to, где это необходимо.

1. They can (never) appreciate your kindness. 2. I was sure you could translate that article (after you had translated so many texts on physics). 3. You can go to the country (when you have passed your last examination). 4. We can pass to the next exercise (when we have done this one). 5. I can give you my book for a couple of days (after I have read it). 6. He can ski (for ten years). 7. We knew that she could swim (since childhood). 8. You cannot take part in this serious competition (until you have mastered good skills). 9. I could not solve the problem (before he explained it to me).

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Модальные глаголы

______________________ MAY______________________

Разрешение (можно)

You may take my pen. (можете) You may not touch it. (нельзя) May I come in? (можно?)

В косвенной речи: Mother said that I might play.

(сказала, что можно)

Предположение (может быть)

It may rain soon, (может быть, пойдет дождь) Be careful: you may fall, (можешь упасть)

Упражнение 494

Переведите на русский язык.

1. May I invite Nick to our house? 2. You may go now. 3. If you have done your homework, you may go for a walk. 4. Don't go to the wood alone: you may lose your way. 5. May I go to the post office with Mike? 6. May I take Pete's bag? 7. Don't give the vase to the child: he may break it. 8. May we take notes with a pencil? 9. You may not cross the street when the light is red. 10. May I shut the door? 11. It stopped raining, and mother told us that we might go out. 12. May children play with scissors? 13. They may travel by sea. It may be cheaper, but it takes a long time. 14. It may be true. 15. May I come and see you? 16. Where have you been, may I ask?

Упражнение 495

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол may.

1. Можно мне войти? 2. Можно, я пойду гулять? 3. Если твоя работа готова, можешь идти

домой. 4. Учитель сказал, что мы можем идти домой. 5. Доктор говорит, что я уже могу купаться. 6. Папа сказал, что мы можем идти в кино одни. 7. Я думал, что мне можно смотреть телевизор. 8. Если ты не наденешь пальто, ты можешь заболеть. 9. Не уходи из дома: мама может скоро прийти, а у нее нет ключа. 10. Будь осторожен: ты можешь упасть. 11. Не трогай собаку: она может укусить тебя. 12. Мы, может быть, поедем за город в воскресенье. 13. Он может забыть об этом. 14. Скоро может пойти дождь. 15. Здесь нечего делать. Мы можем рано уйти сегодня. 16. Он, может быть, и знает эту проблему, поэтому он, может быть, и знает ответ на этот вопрос, но я не очень уверена. 17. Если хотите, можете идти сейчас. 18. Где они сейчас живут? — Они, может быть, и живут сейчас за границей, но я не очень уверена.

ТО BE ALLOWED TO

Эквивалент глагола MAY

We are allowed to stay at home, (нам разрешают) We were allowed to stay at home, (нам разрешили) We shall be allowed to stay at home, (нам разрешат)

Упражнение 496

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя выражение to be allowed to.

1. Курить воспрещается. 2. Ему не позволили курить у них в доме. 3. В Англии вам разрешат водить машину, если вам 17 лет. 4. В США вам разрешают продолжать ездить на машине даже в возрасте 90 лет. 5. Мне разрешают пользоваться папиным магнитофоном. 6. Дети уже большие. Им разрешают ходить в школу одним. 7. Ему не раз-

404 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Модальные глаголы

To seem, to appear, to turn out, to happen - student2.ru решают купаться в этой реке. 8. Вчера ей позволили прийти домой в десять часов. 9. Нам не позволяют разговаривать на уроках. 10. Тебе позволили взять эту книгу? 11. Я думаю, мне не разрешат поехать с тобой за город. 12. Тебе разрешат пойти гулять, когда ты сделаешь уроки. 13. Тебе разрешали ходить на озеро, когда ты был маленький? 14. Когда мне позволят есть мороженое? 15. Вам не разрешается разговаривать на экзамене.

Упражнение 497

Вставьте модальный глагол may (might) или выражение to be allowed to. Вставляйте to be allowed to только в тех случаях, где may (might) употребить нельзя.

1. Не ... go home if he likes. 2. As soon as the boy ... leave the room, he smiled a happy smile and ran out to join his friends outside. 3. The doctor says I am much better. I ... get up for a few hours every day. 4. ... I bring my sister to the party? 5. He asked if he ... bring his sister to the party. 6. After they had finished their homework, the children ... watch TV. 7. He ... join the sports section as soon as he is through with his medical examination. 8. Becky's mother said that everybody ... take part in the picnic. 9. If you pass your exams, you ... go to the south. 10. ... I borrow your car, please? 11. He asked if he ... borrow my car. 12. ... I have a look at your newspaper?

Упражнение 498

Вставьте модальные глаголы may или can.

1. ... you see anything in this inky darkness? 2. You ... go when you have finished your compositions. 3. What shall we do if the train is late? It ...

be late, you know, after the terrible snowstorms we've had. 4. When ... you come and see me? — Let me see: I... not come tomorrow, for I must be at the meeting, but on Sunday I'llfind time. Yes, you ... expect me on Sunday about three o'clock. Will that be all right? 5. You ... come in when you have taken off your boots. 6. Be careful: you ... spill the milk if you carry it like that. 7. Most children ... slide on the ice very well. 8. I don't think I ... be here by eleven o'clock tomorrow, but I ... be.

Упражнение 499

Вставьте модальные глаголы may или can.

1. ... I come in? 2. Let me look at your exercises. I ... be able to help you. 3. I ... not swim, because until this year the doctor did not allow me to be more than two minutes in the water. But this year he says I ... stay in for fifteen minutes if I like, so I am going to learn to swim. 4. Libraries are quite free, and anyone who likes ... get books there. 5. I ... come and see you tomorrow if I have time. 6. Take your raincoat with you: it ... rain today. 7. Do you think you ... do that? 8. I ... finish the work tomorrow if no one bothers me any more. 9. ... we come and see you next Sunday at three o'clock in the afternoon? 10. What time is it? — It ... be about six o'clock, but I am not sure. 11. Only a person who knows the language very well ... answer such a question.

Упражнение 500

Вставьте модальные глаголы may (might) или can (could).

1. ... you help me? 2. I ... not imagine her speaking in public: I knew that she was so shy. 3. Some-

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Модальные глаголы

thing was wrong with the car: he ... not start it. 4.-A fool ... ask more questions than a wise man ... answer. 5. She asked me if she ... use my telephone. 6. ... I use your pen? 7. ... I find a pen on that table? 8. You ... read this book: you know the language well enough. 9. You ... take this book: I don't need it. 10. ... I help you? 11. ... I ask you to help me? 12. The school was silent: nothing ... be heard in the long dark corridors. 13. Waiting ... be endless, you know. 14. ... you tell me the nearest way to the city museum? 15. They ... think that I am too weak to take part in the excursion, but I am strong enough to do any kind of hard work, indeed. 16. He knew this period of history very well: he had read everything on the subject he ... find in the rich university library.

MUST

Долженствование

You must respect your parents,(должны) You must not go there,(нельзя) Must I learn it by heart?(должен?)

Предположение (должно быть) It must be cold outside,(должно быть)

Упражнение 501

Переведите на русский язык.

1. You must work hard at your English. 2. You must learn the words. 3. Must we learn the poem today? 4. It must be very difficult to learn Chinese.

5. You must not talk at the lessons. 6. Everybody must come to school in time. 7. Don't ring him up: he must be very busy. 8. You must not make notes in the books. 9.1 must help my mother today. 10. Don't worry! This is not important. — Not important! You must be joking! 11. He never comes to work late! He must have overslept today. 12. You must not argue with the boss. 13. She must stop eating much and she must lose weight. 14. You must stop smoking! If you don't, you're going to have serious problems with your lungs some day.

Упражнение 502

Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол must.

1. Я должна упорно работать над своим английским. 2. Вы должны внимательно слушать учителя на уроке. 3. Ты должен делать уроки каждый день. 4. Вы не должны забывать о своих обязанностях. 5. Вы должны быть осторожны на улице. 6. Она должна быть дома сейчас. 7. Мои друзья, должно быть, в парке. 8. Вы, должно быть, очень голодны. 9. Должно быть, очень трудно решать такие задачи. 10. Я должен сегодня повидать моего друга. 11. Он, должно быть, очень устал. 12. У них даже есть яхта. Они, должно быть, очень богаты. 13. Ты должен уехать завтра утром? 14. Вы не должны опаздывать. 15. Я не должен забывать о своей матери. Я не писал ей целую вечность. Сегодня вечером я должен написать ей письмо. 16. Эта книга очень ценная. Вы не должны ее терять. 17. Неужели вам надо уже уходить? 18. Я должен признать, что я неправ.

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Модальные глаголы

To seem, to appear, to turn out, to happen - student2.ru ТО HAVE TO