Airbag - подушкабезопасности

Bending — изгиб

Excessive - чрезмерный

For this purpose — дляэтойцели

guidethecar - управлятьавтомо­билем

Hydraulic pump — гидравлическийнасос

Leakage — утечка

Lever — рычаг

Leverage - рычажныймеханизм

Linkage — соединение

means of turning - средство пово­рота

Pitman arm - рулевая сошка

Pitmanshaft - рулевойвал

Pivot— шарнир

Rackandpinionassembly- реечно-шестеренчатыймеханизм

rackandpiniontypesteeringgear - ру­левоймеханизмсрейкойише­стерней

Recirculatingballtypesteeringgear- pyлевоймеханизмсшариковойгайкой

steeringbox— картер рулевого меха­низма

Steering column - рулевая колонка

steeringknucklearm — рычагповорот­ногокулака

Steeringwheel — рулевоеколесо

swing (swang, swung) — поворачи­ваться

Tie-rod — поперечнаятяга

wormandsectortype — рулевой меха­низм с червяком и сектором

Unit Ten

Text: Using Computer

Dialogue

Предтекстовыеупражнения

The exercises to be done before reading the text

Упражнение 1.Прочтите слова и словосочетания и запомните их русские эквиваленты.

invent —изобретать

a breaker point ignition —прерывистоезажигание

advanced — усовершенствованный

firethesparkplug– воспламенятьсвечой зажигания

meetemissioncontrollevels — отвечать требованиям по ограничению уровня вредных компонентов в выхлопных газах gasmileage - пробег в милях на гал­лон топлива

smoothoperation — плавная работа

provide– обеспечить

onboardcomputersystem– бортовойкомпьютер

hardware - аппаратная часть ком­пьютера

software - программное обеспечение

CPU — CentralProcessingUnit - цен­тральныйпроцессор

integratedcircuit — интегральная схема

semiconductor — полупроводник

silicon — кремний

until - пока не

specificsequence — специальная по­следовательность

permanentmemory — постоянная память

ROM — readonlymemory — постоян­ная память, постоянное запоми­нающее устройство, ПЗУ

RAM - randomaccessmemory - опе­ративная память, оперативное запоминающее устройство, ОЗУ

PROM — programmablereadonlymemory - программируемое по­стоянное запоминающее устрой­ство, ППЗУ

troublecode — неисправный код

expensive — дорогостоящий

adaptivememory—адаптивная память

Упражнение 2.Прочтите слова и сопоставьте их с русскими значениями.

transform, battery, voltage, regulation, system, computer, micro­processor, transistor, diod, chip, material, electricity, magnetic, pro­gram, defective, limit, compensate,variation, code.

Упражнение 3*.Переведите слова, обращая внимание на суффиксы и префиксы.

ignite — ignition, transform — transformation, regulate — regula- tion, break — breaker, conduct — conductor, process — processor, specify - specific, adapt — adapter — adaptive, expense -expensive, adjust — adjustment, connect — disconnect, learn -relearn.

Прочтите и переведите текст, а затем выполните следующие за ним упражнения.

TEXT

Using Computer

Ever since the car was first invented, a breaker point ignition has been used to transform battery voltage into 20,000 volts to fire the spark plugs. With government intervention and regulation, more advanced system was needed. This system had to meet emission control levels, gas mileage, and provide a smooth and continuous operation. The answer was found in an on-board computer system. The computer mounted on modern cars has two components. One is the hardware and the other is the software.

The computer hardware on an automobile uses a Central Process­ing Unit (CPU), which, when made in an integrated circuit, is referred I о as a microprocessor. The integrated circuit (IС) combines transis­tors, diodes, and capacitors, which are placed on a tiny chip of semi­conductor material that is smaller and thinner that an eraser on a pen­cil. The material used most of the time is silicon. Silicon, like any semiconductor, does not conduct electricity until either voltage, a mag­netic field, heat, or light is directed to the semiconductor. A program instructs the microprocessor what to do.

The computer software on a car carries a program. The program (ells the computer what to do, and when to do it in a specific sequence. The program is stored in a permanent memory, which is referred to as Read Only Memory (ROM).The computer knows only what is placed in its memory.

There is another variation, which is called the Program­mable Read Only Memory (PROM), which can be readily removed und replaced, while the ROM cannot. This makes it less expensive if the memory becomes defective. Only the PROM has to be replaced, not the entire microprocessor. The microprocessor contains a ROM (or PROM) and a RAM. RAM stands for Randon Access Memory, which can be accessed with­out going through a specific sequence. The technician interfaces with the RAM whenever trouble codes are accessed. Not all computerized ignition systems have trouble codes, however. Some computers have the ability to learn. This is referred to as an adaptive memory. When a value falls outside of a specified limit, due to engine wear, the adaptive memory makes a slight adjustment in the program to compensate. The car must be driven from 20 to 30 miles, as it takes the computer this long to learn. Any time that power is disconnected from the computer, it will have to relearn everything.

Послетекстовыеупражнения