Тема 10. EMPHASIS and EMPHATIC CONSTRUCTIONS

(Эмфаза есть выделение какого-либо элемента высказывания для усиления выразительности речи)

It is ….. that Do	It is these characteristics that are important to us. After all, it was they who galvanized one-quarter of humanity into the most monumental political movement in history. It did make much time to calculate the orbit of the man-made moon. He did show up at the reception
МОДЕЛЬ AS….AS	The unemployment rate reached as much as 15 percent at that time. As early as in the end of WW II they started using antibiotics As lonely an old man as any in he city As many as three weeks the travelers spent in the jungle. Outlook for a long-range settlement, however, is as gloomy as ever.
INVERSION	Money he had none. Courage he certainly had Up goes unemployment, up go prices, and down tumbles the Labour vote. Included in the paper are data calculated by this scientist. Emerging from the undergrowth of west-coast African jungles are new export products – bauxite, alumina and aluminium.
Hardly ever Hardly…..when No sooner ….than However+ adj no matter how +adj On no account Nowhere Neither/nor Not only	You hardly ever have to remind him; he always remembers The performance had hardly begun when the lights went out. Hardly had the performance begun when the lights went out. Hardly was the envoy back from Africa than the state secretary himself was off on a Middle East tour. No sooner he earns any money than he spends it. However hard I worked, she was never satisfied I’d rather have a room of my own, no matter how small it is. On no account must this switch be touched. Nowhere can this phenomenon be observed better than in transition economy However complicated these calculations are those of Ch.V are a great deal more complicated. Not only (do) they rob you, they smash everything too. What is needed is a comprehensive agreement. Whoever the authors may have been, they utterly ignored the existing situation.
ДВОЙНОЕ ОТРИЦАНИЕ Not till/until Not unlike Nothing…. That was/did not	The first progress was not made until the end of the year It is not unlike me that in heading toward the west I should travel east. It is no less than a scandal. It was not until the early hours of Friday that the storm abated. Not unnaturally, the Government of the United Nations demurred to this. Not until a cease-fire was reached did the sides start peace negotiations. She could see in him nothing that was not rich, shining, desirable. It was not until the late 1800s that this metal came into general use.
Предложения с оговорками ( эллиптические конструкции) If any If anything If anywhere If at all ….as…., …..though…..   If+ Participle	Is the ship as bad as the newspapers say? Worse, if anything. America can count on few, if any, short term gains. If anything, this move of NATO countries indicates hardening of the previous attitude. He was less than delighted at the news. Much as it was deplored, the conflict never quite produced a conflict in Washington. More and more people face the dilemma of how, if at all, an individual can safely exercise honest individual judgment. Unexpected though it may seem their verbal threats were not taken at face value. But all governments have to prepare for unpleasant eventualities, however unlikely. In this the party enjoys the powerful, if unspoken, support of the vast bulk of the population. Brouillet claimed de Gaulle was fluent, if imperfect, in English. Decisions have been taken in Brussels which, if carried out, would lead to a further aggravation of tension.
Антонимический перевод	I assure you, I don’t at all disbelieve you New-York defies description. I beg to differ. The rain is holding off.

Задание 4. Прослушайте текст. Передайте ключевую информацию.

SOCIAL PROBLEMS in RUSSIA

Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russians have been confronted with many of the old social problems that existed during the Soviet era, as well as with a new set of problems brought about by the rapid changes in society.

• The change to private ownership created new opportunities but also resulted in high unemployment in many areas. Because of high inflation and economic instability, many elderly persons who live on a government pension are now very poor. Life expectancy and health rates have plunged as well.
• Ethnic hostilities have flared up in some parts of Russia that were conquered either by the Soviet government or during the imperial Russian era. When the Soviet government collapsed, there was enough instability for some areas to gain partial independence or even try to break away completely from the Russian government. The fiercest fighting of this type occurred in Chechnya, a region in the Caucasus Mountains near Georgia. Between 1994 and 1996, thousands of Russian troops were sent into the area, and many people on both sides were killed.
• Alcohol abuse has traditionally been a problem for the Russians. Alcoholism was prevalent during the Soviet years and is still a problem today. Family violence is often a consequence of alcoholism.
• Crime rates have risen rapidly in Russia since the end of the Soviet Union, which has made the economic situation even worse. Much of the crime problem is due to the threats and violence caused by organized crime, which has gained considerable power in some areas.
• Organized crime is also aided in some places because of corruption among local officials. Russians often look down on the "new rich," who are assumed to be criminals.
• Unemployment is high for women, and prostitution has become a popular way for women to make money. Many teenage girls believe that a career in prostitution will pay more than most legitimate professions ever would, regardless of education. About one-fourth of Russia's prostitutes have received some sort of higher education.

Задание 5. Note Taking

К о н т р о л ь н ы е т е к с т ы

на абзацно-фразовый перевод и/или перевод с листа (ПСЛ) на рус/англ язык

Note-taking

On Non-selfgoverning Territories (UN, 1999) Mr. President, First of all I would like once again to thank the organizers of the seminar, namely the permanent representative of St Lucia, for the hospitality and superb organization shown us at this important meeting.   As regards our view of the seminar, it obviously has served a useful goal, of providing for a substantive exchange of views with representatives of the non-selfgoverning territories     Here I would like to take note of the highly informative statements by the representatives of Guam and East Timor   At the same time we should point out that some of the most important experts were clearly not prepared for substantive discussion, and the statements of others resembled lectures, filled with obvious truisms     As we see it, it would have been worth making the seminars more substantive   As an example, may I suggest that it would have been much more interesting for the seminar participants to learn about the details of the settlement process in the Western Sahara and in East Timor. I have no doubt that had we requested the draft on autonomy for East Timor or the documents on the referendum in the Western Sahara prepared by the Secretariat, the seminar discussion would have been much more relevant to contemporary events.   We are convinced that in preparing the regional seminars we need to take a more creative approach

Linn Visson’s text

Текст 2 О несамоуправляющихся территориях     Господин Председатель, 1. Прежде всегомне хотелось бы вновь поблагодарить органи­заторов семинара в лицепостоянного представителя Сент-Лю­сии за гостеприимство и четкостьв проведении этого важного мероприятия. Что касается оценки семинара как такового, то он, безуслов­но,служит полезной цели, которая состоит в проведении обсто­ятельного обмена мнениями с представителями несамоуправля­ющихся территорий.   2. В этой связихотелось бы отметить весьма ценные синформативной точки зрения выступления представи­телей Гуама и Восточного Тимора. Наряду с этим вынуждены отметить, что некоторые из ведущих экспертов были явно не готовы к разговору по существу, а выступления других скорее походили на чтение лекций, в кото­рых звучали откровенно азбучные истины.   3.Вместо этого, как нам представляется, следовало бы поду­мать о насыщении семинаров более содержательными идеями.В"качестве иллюстрации этого вывода хочу высказать предложение, что для участников семинара было бы куда интереснее ознакомитьсяс деталями хода урегулированияв Западной Сахаре и Восточном Тиморе., Не сомневаюсь, что если бы мы запросили подготовленные Секретариатом проект автономии для Восточ­ного Тимора или документы по подготовке референдума в За­падной Сахаре, то дискуссия на семинаре оказалась бы значи­тельно более приближенной к реалиям сегодняшнего дня.Убеждены, что при подготовке региональных семинаров мы должны проявлять больше творческих подходов. 4. В заключение хотелось бы изложить нашу позицию относи­тельно предложения об одобрении доклада семинара. Мы счита­ем целесообразным придерживатьсяпрактики последних лет и принять к сведению материалы этого мероприятия. Такой под­ход объясняется очень просто:нам не хотелось бы, чтобы выво­ды и рекомендации такого рода мероприятий,в том числе идеи, высказанные экспертами и представителями неправительствен­ных организаций, получали статусполновесных рекомендаций после того, как соответствующий доклад нашего спецкомитета будет одобрен Генеральной Ассамблеей. Нам следует весьма ос­торожно относиться к вопросу о переводе тех или иных доку­ментов из одного статуса в качественно другое положение.   5.Вместе с тем мы готовы пойти навстречупожеланиям тех чле­нов комитета, которые хотели бы обеспечить максимально ши­рокое распространение материалов семинара в Сент-Люсии. Вэтой связимы были бы готовы принять к сведению доклад се­минара и издать его в качестве приложенияк докладу комитета. Таким образом будут решены обе задачи,а именно; сохранен официальный статус доклада семинара, и создана возможность для ознакомления с идеями, звучавшими на этом мероприятии.

1.On Non-selfgoverning Territories (UN, 1999)(Текст чит. с ам. акцентом)   Mr President, First of all I would like once again to thank the organizers of the seminar, namely the permanent representative of St Lucia, for the hospitality and superb organization shown us at this important meeting. As regards our view of the seminar, it obviously has served a useful goal, of providing for a substantive exchange of views with representatives of the non-selfgoverning territories.     Here I would like to take note of the highly informative statements by the representatives of Guam and East Timor   At the same time we should point out that some of the most important experts were clearly not prepared for substantive discussion, and the statements of others resembled lectures, filled with obvious truisms     As we see it, it would have been worth making the seminars more substantive As an example, may I suggest that it would have been much more interesting for the seminar participants to learn about the details of the settlement process in the Western Sahara and in East Timor I have no doubt that had we requested the draft on autonomy for East Timor or the documents on the referendum in the Western. Sahara prepared by the Secretariat, the seminar discussion would have been much more relevant to contemporary events. We are convinced that in preparing the regional seminars we need to take a more creative approach   In conclusion I would like to state our position regarding the proposal for approval of the seminar report We believe it advisable to keep to the practice of previous years and to take note of the materials used at the seminar The reason for this is clear we would not like the conclusions and recommendations of this kind of project, including the ideas voiced by experts and representatives of NGOs, to be given the status of full-fledged recommendations following the adoption of the report of our special committee by the General Assembly We should act with great restraint regarding the issue of changing the qualitative status of any documents   At the same time, we are ready to accommodate those members of the committee who wish to provide for the broadest possible distribution of the materials from the St Lucia seminar For this reason we would be ready to take note of the seminar report and to publish it as an annex to the report of the committee This will resolve both issues maintaining the official status of the seminar report and providing an opportunity to spread the ideas discussed at this meeting.

Задание 6. News Changing.

1. Гуманитарная помощь Югославии.Российский гуманитарный конвой впервые появился в Югославии зимой 93-го. Холеные парни в комфортабельных кабинах могучих «Дафов» и «Вольво» встретили «КамАЗы» смехом.

Но когда на горном перевале выпадал метровый снег или обнажался голый лед, тогда «банзаи» - так прозвали российские «КамАЗы» - шли первыми, а за ними боязливо ползли супергрузовики шведского, датского, английского конвоя.

Однажды наш «КамАЗ» сорвался в пропасть. Водитель чудом остался жив. искореженную, скрученную в восьмерку машину втащили наверх. Водитель других конвоев качали головами и щелкали затворами фотоаппаратов. Через неделю в нашей колонне как ни в чем не бывало ехал тот самый КамАЗ. Обалдевшие от изумления иностранцы снова бросились его фотографировать. Вскоре в печати появились эти два снимка и подпись, что русские « при помощи кувалды и какой-то матери» восстановили не подлежащий восстановлению грузовик.

2. Первая регулярная русская армия.В 1705 году, в России император Петр I издал указ о на­боре рекрутов, положив начало первой регулярной русской армии. Всеобщая воин­ская повинность была введена в России только в 1874 году, а до то­го действовала пе­тровская система выборочного набора в солдаты из пред­ставителей низших сословий. Тех. кому выпадала армейская лямка, родные и близкие про­вожали в армию, как в последний путь, - до конца XVIII века служба была пожиз­ненной (так и хочется добавить - катор­гой), лишь потом срок сократили до 25 лет. Правда, армия освобождала от кре­постной зависимости, а те, кому удава­лось дослужиться до офицерского звания имели пра­во даже на дворянство. Но для большин­ства уход в солдаты действительно озна­чал уход из жизни... Впрочем, Россия не была б Россией, если бы вскоре не появи­лись разнообразные категории льготни­ков - от рекрутчины освобождали куп­цов, детей священнослужителей, почет­ных граждан. А при Николае I вообще бы­ли введены особые зачетные квитанции - заплатив 485 рублей, можно было впол­не официально "откосить" от исполне­ния патриотического долга.

3. Русская баня. В то время как Париж задыхался в нечистотах, а придворные в Лувре, чтобы отбить ужасающий запах немы­того тела, терлись уксусом, "варвары" в Московии парились в банях, сияя телес­ной чистотой.

ХРЕСТОМАТИЙНЫЙ пример - летописная байка о приключениях апостола Анд­рея Первозванного. Го­сударства тогда еще в помине не было, а вот гигиены - сколько угодно - о чем якобы рассказывал апостол: "Нато­пят баню докрасна, раздеваются наги и бьют себя прутьями чуть ли не до смерти и оживают, лишь окатившись студеной водой, и то омовение себе творят, а не мучение”.

Араб­ский путешественник Ибн Ру-стэ описывает странные обы­чаи страны "ар рус" примерно так же: "Когда же камни рас­калятся в огне до высшей степени, их обливают водой, от чего распространяется пар, нагревающий воздух до того, что славяне снимают даже одежду..."

Бани старой Москвы удивляли и возмущали иностранцев не меньше, чем точно такие же бани Киев­ской Руси. Дело доходило до идиотизма - сначала традици­онно пройтись насчет "гряз­ных московитов", а потом их же и упрекнуть за чрезмер­ное пристрастие к мытью: "Если московит не попа­рится в субботу, ему стано­вится стыдно и совестно".

Особенно иноземные гости неистовствовали по поводу банной наготы. "Напарив­шись, совсем нагие и мужчи­ны и женщины, потеряв вся­кий стыд, вместе выбегают к речке, погружаются в нее, радуются и хохочут", - пи­сал австриец Меерн в XVII в., предпочитая, видимо, по ев­ропейским обычаям, раз в месяц встать в тазик и много­кратно обливаться хоть и ароматизированной, но од­ной и той же водой, периоди­чески в нее сплевывая "для удаления вредных мокрот"

4. Русские подарили Америке вертолет, телевидение и Google.Мэр Нью-Йорка Майкл Блумберг, пришедший поздравить русскую общину мегаполиса в связи с проходящим фестивалем культуры "Наше наследие", отметил высокий вклад русскоязычной общины в развитие мегаполиса. Церемония чествования нью-йоркцев, считающих русский своим родным языком, состоялась в главном центре искусства деловой столицы мира - музее Метрополитен, в роскошном египетском зале с алтарем и древними сфинксами, отражающимися в глади декоративного бассейна.

"Русскоязычная община самых разных вероисповеданий оказала огромная влияние на культуру мегаполиса, начиная от Стейтен-айленда и до Брайтон-бич. Русские подарили Америке вертолет, телевидение и Google", - отметил Блумберг на торжественной церемонии.
Он напомнил о том вкладе в развитие мирового прогресса, который внесли выходцы из России Игорь Сикорский, запатентовавший Нью-Йорке в 1910 году вертолет, Владимир Зворыкин и Давид Сарнов, создавшие и запустившие 30-е годы в производство телевизор.
Блумберг признал русской и империю Google, которую основали в 1998 году студенты Стэнфордского университета Ларри Пэйдж и Сергей Брин. Влиятельный политик и бизнесмен, вероятно, забыл упомянуть о том, что русские также создавали нью-йоркский балет, оперу, кинематограф, музыку и живопись. Русскоязычная община Нью-Йорка и пригорода составляет около 200 тысяч человек.

Задание 7.Прочтите статью. Переведите письменно первый абзац..

The Russians are coming

BY URBAN FOX, TIMES ONLINE CORRESPONDENT

When London's leaves don't quite drop from the trees, even in January, and the grey clouds deliver nothing but warm rain and occasional flash floods, I get nostalgic for Russia. Weird, since all through the seven years I lived there I moaned incessantly, mostly about how winter lasted nine months a year.

Still, there's no accounting for human perversity, and I've been packing my bags for a few days in Moscow - without my family, who don't appreciate temperatures much below zero. In between fussing guiltily about how we'll cope without each other, I've been blissed-out in anticipation - of rolling in the snow, or wafting around Gorky Park under the icicles {transformed, inexplicably, into a beautiful Julie Christie look alike from Dr Zhivago); of seeing my funny, clever, ugly Russian friends with their chain-smoking and effortless memory for Pushkin and surreal pop songs and vodka and herring on the go all night; of cruising around late at night under the glaring neon and shy onion domes in gypsy cabs whose drivers might be sad refugees with stories to tell, or they just might rob, rape and murder you; of the deliciously vulgar millionaires clogging the tables at every restaurant, the starving, lovely ballerinas with fabulous cheekbones and proper fluffy white skirts, and all the rest of the collective madness that is Moscow.

This is just the state of mind in which you want to make dramatic love gifts - if nothing else, to calm your conscience. I'd been thinking about what my husband would like, and finally I saw just the thing. The Russians, I discovered, were coming here. Not just the 100,000 already living in London - but posse after posse of visiting entertainers flown in from Moscow for the pleasure of Londoners. Cossack dancers and Soviet orchestras and post-Soviet acrobats and mischievous Russia rap artists and gypsy bands were booked into Trafalgar Square for the whole of Saturday for the first ever Russian Winter Festival. And, on Friday night - my last night in town - the proceedings would be kicked off by a grand fund-raising gala dinner at the Guildhall. The festival was to celebrate old new year, the date two weeks after our new year when Russians, whose calendar ran two weeks behind the West's before the 1917 revolution, used to celebrate. A no-brainer, then - the gala - a unique evening out before I set off; a chance to show my husband some of the wacky wonders of Russian culture without him even having to get cold.

I rushed to the phone. I would have left England by the time the Trafalgar Square party started, but I was definitely going to get tickets to the dinner. If there were any left. "Can I have two tickets?" I piped nervously. “We do have a few, but you nave to hurry," the voice at the other end said. A promising start. "How much are they?" delving into my purse for a credit card. The answer made me go red and white in quick succession, sit down even faster and gulp audibly. I can't remember the detail, but dinner for two would have set me back in the region of £500. "Never mind," the voice said kindly, clearly guessing my reaction. "You can get it all for nothing in Trafalgar Square the next day."

Which was all very well, but not good enough. Half the fun of living in Russia used to be feeling as rich as the richest of the rich, and flashing the absurd amounts of tax-free cash that so many expats in Moscow used to earn on mad, show-off spending. A thousand buksi for a hundred red ropes? No problem - that kind of thing. But not now, back in London reality. Translated into pounds, the price was madness - even if the exorbitant charge was to subsidise the next day's festival. For a minute or two, my whole vision of Russia blurred and went sour.

My nostrils filled with cabbage and my heart with poisonous envy of the filthy rich bastards who had stolen the nation's wealth and were selfishly living it up while everyone else grovelled round in the mud. There's a kind of person in Russia who feels this way all the time - the pissed-off, poverty-stricken old crones who stand on street corners with their Communist cronies waving grim old red flags and great big slogans reading ” Down with everything “ and snarling "Young People: You should be ashamed of yourselves!" at anyone in a flash car. Usually, younger people, and in qeneral all those unsure that Communism can qive anv new answers to life (wnich, let’s face it, is pretty much everyone else, everywhere) only suppress a titter and lower their eyes as they go by. Not a club that anyone in their right mind would want to join, then. But - briefly -I was one of them.

'"Thank you," I said mournfully, all my excitement gone. "Yes, perhaps we should try Trafalgar Square.”

Задание 8.J