III. Поставьте глаголы, заключенные в скобки, в соответствующую форму
страдательного или действительного залога:
1. The delegation (to leave) for Moscow the next month.
2. The new novel (to speak) much about.
3. The members of the club (to tell) to come at 5 p. m.
4. They (to say) that you are leaving tomorrow.
5. As usual a lot of money (to spent) on the advertising campaign.
6. A few applications for the post of the Managing Director (to receive).
7. He (to appoint) the Head of the Information Systems Department in a month.
8. The report (to translate) at the moment.
9. People wanted (to inform) about the political events in their country.
10. A new picture gallery (to build) in this district of the city now.
11. The meeting (to finish) before they came.
12. The students (to take) their exam at this time tomorrow.
IV. Переведите предложения:
1. Clothes must be cut according to your cloth.
2. An omelette can’t be made without breaking eggs.
3. Dirty linen must not be washed in public.
4. A summer is not made by one swallow.
5. May flowers are brought by April showers.
6. The tree is known by its fruit.
7. Money spent on brain is never spent in vain.
8. Rome was not built in a day.
9. Talk about the weather with the Brits, and ice will be broken.
10. A good name is sooner lost than won.
V. Переведите предложения, употребляя глаголы в соответствующей форме страдательного залога:
1. Профессора всегда слушают с особым вниманием.
2. Все сферы жизни города будут показаны на этой выставке.
3. Экспонаты должны быть упакованы очень тщательно.
4. Этот вопрос можно обсудить немедленно.
5. Во время интервью ей было задано много вопросов.
6. Вас попросят напечатать несколько деловых писем на английском языке.
7. Несколько сообщений было послано по факсу 10 минут назад.
8. Она оставит работу, когда родится ее второй ребенок.
9. Вы удовлетворены условиями вашей работы?
10. Какие вопросы ей задали?
11. Я думаю, что с опытным работником легче иметь дело.
12. Результаты интервью обсуждались нами вчера.
VI. Перепишите предложения, переведите их на русский язык.
Подчеркните сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму.
1. He has just come.
2. She is very glad: she has finished her composition at last.
3. She has been writing her test all morning.
4. I have not seen you for ages! I am very glad to see you.
5. Mary has been learning English since childhood.
6. I have seen a very interesting film this week.
7. We have been working on this report for two weeks.
8. I am sorry: you have been waiting for me so long!
9. Look! What beautiful hours he has bought.
10. My mother has been cooking the cake for three hours! It must be tasty.
11. Have you ever met a film star?
12. My brother hasn’t sent an e-mail yet.
VII. Перепишите предложения. Поставьте глагол, заключенный в скобки,
В Present Perfect или Past Simple.
1. I (not yet to eat) today.
2. He (not to eat) yesterday.
3. You (to play) the piano yesterday?
4. What you (to prepare) today?
5. Look at this house. Mike (to build) it himself.
6. He (to build) it yesterday.
7. I already (to do) my homework. I can go out for a walk.
8. I (not to do) my homework yesterday.
9. She already (to come) from school.
10. He (to come) home a minute ago.
11. You ever (to be) to New York?
12. I (to call) her a minute ago.
VIII.Перепишите предложения. Переведите их на русский язык.
Определите функцию выделенного слова.
1. It is interesting to read English books in the original form
2. I have a house. It is very nice and comfortable.
3. My mother doesn’t actually know that man, standing over there.
4. One can hardly swim fast when fully dressed
5. Can I have one green tea, please?
6. Which shoes would you like to try on? The black ones.
7. That is a wonderful story about a small girl.
8. The Ural mountain range is older than that of the Caucauses.
Переведите тексты письменно
Text № 1
London and the City
London was not built as a city in the same way as Paris or New York. It began life as a Roman fortification at a place where it was possible to cross the River Themes. A wall was built around the town for defence, but during the long period of peace which followed the Norman Conquest, people built outside the walls. This building continued over the years. In 1665 there was a terrible plague in London which killed too many people. In 1666 the Great Fire of London ended the plague, but it also destroyed much of the city. Although many people who had fled London during the plague returned to live in the rebuilt city after the plague and the Great Fire; there were never again so many Londoners living in the city centre.
These days London has spread further outwards into the country, including surrounding villages. Today the metropolis of Greater London covers about 610 squire miles (1580 sq. km.), and the suburbs of London continue even beyond this area. Some people even commute 100 miles (over 150 km.) every day to work in London.
The gradual growth of the city helps to explain the fact that London does not have just one centre; it has a number of centres, each with a distinct character: the Government centre in Westminster, the shopping and entertainment centre in West End, the financial and business centre called the City.
The City is rather a small area east of the centre which includes the site of the original Roman town. It is an area with a long and exciting history, and it is proud of its independence and traditional role as a centre of trade and commerce. The City of London is one of the major banking centres of the world and you can find the banks of many nations in the famous Threadneedle Street and the surrounding area. Here, too, the Bank of England, the central bank of the nation, is located. nearby the Stock Exchange, where shares of commercial companies are bought and sold. A little further is Lloyd’s, the most famous insurance company in the world.
During weekends in the City one can see the City gents with their bowler hats, pin-striped suits and rolled umbrellas. This is the «uniform» only of those men involved in banking and business in the City.
During the day the City has a population of half a million; during the night its population isn’t much more than five thousand. So you see that each night the heart of London becomes a desert where Pounds Sterling outnumbers human beings by one thousand to one. Each morning this desert is invaded by a vast army of clerks, civil servants, businessmen, and so on, from the surrounding suburbs which encircle the centre in a broad ring.
Text № 2
The Internet
The Internet, a global computer network which embraces millions of users all over the world, began in the United States in 1969 as a military experiment. It was designed to survive a nuclear war. Information sent over the Internet takes the shortest path available from one computer to another. Because of this, any two computers on the Internet will be able to stay in touch as long as there is a single route between them. This technology is called packet switching. Owing to this technology, if some computers on the network are knocked out (by a nuclear explosion, for example), information will just route around them.
Most of the Internet host computers are in the United States, while the rest are located in more than 100 other countries. Although the number of host computers can be counted fairly accurately, nobody knows exactly how many people use the Internet. There are millions worldwide, and their number is growing by thousands each month.
The most popular Internet service is e-mail. Most of the people who have access to the Internet, use the network only for sending and receiving e-mail massages. However, other popular services are available on the Internet: USENET News, using the World-Wide Web, telnet, FTP, and Gopher.
In many developing countries the Internet may provide businessmen with a reliable alternative to the expensive and unreliable telecommunications systems of these countries. Commercial users can communicate cheaply over the Internet with the rest of the world. When they send e-mail messages, they only have to pay for phone calls to their local service providers, not for calls across their countries or around the world. But who actually pays for sending e-mail messages over the Internet long distances around the world? The answer is very simple: users pay their service provider a monthly or hourly fee. Part of these fee goes towards its costs to connect to a larger service provider, and part of the fee received by the larger provider goes to cover its cost of running a worldwide network of wires and wireless stations.
But saving money is only the first step. If people see that they can make money from the Internet, commercial use of this network will drastically increase. For example, architecture companies and garment centers transmit their basic designs and concepts over the Internet into China, where they are reworked and refined by skilled – but inexpensive – Chinese computer-aided-design specialists.
However, some problems remain. The most important is security. When you send an e-mail message to somebody, this message can travel through many different networks and computers. The data is constantly being directed towards its destination by special computers called routers. However, because of this, it is possible to get into any of the computers along the route, intercept and even change the data being sent over the Internet. In spite of the fact that there are many good encoding programs available, nearly all the information being sent is transmitted without any form of encoding, i.e. «in the clear». But when it becomes necessary to send important information over the network, these encoding programs may be useful. Some American banks and companies even conduct transactions over the Internet. However, there are still both commercial and technical problems which will take time to be resolved.
Text № 3
Horrors!
Everyone thinks about the supernatural – things that cannot be explained. Things that are frightening. People have always been fascinated by the supernatural. The men and women of ancient Greek literature believed in and feared the power of the supernatural. Many of the ancient Greek plays are full of fear and horror. Today, in parts of the world like Haiti in the West Indies, people believe strongly in the power of magic or woodoo. You and I are afraid of things that can’t be explained. But we are fascinated by the fear. We are afraid, but we are curious. Stories of mysterious and horrible events frighten us and attract us.
Shakespeare’s plays included ghosts and spirits. The Jacobean tragedies, written in the early 17th century, were often blood-curdling. But for English readers, horror stories really became fashionable in the middle of the 18th century. In 1764 Horace Walpole wrote «The Castle Otranto». His book was the first «Gothic novel». The Gothic novels started a fashion that continued for more than two hundred years. The stories were full of violence. They were usually of medieval times and often took place in gloomy castles. The plots are very complicated and the characters don’t seem very real. In fact, so many horrible things happen in these stories that they often make us laugh.
The best of these horror novels didn’t appear until 1818. This is «Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus» written by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley, wife of the famous English poet Shelly. Why did she write it?
She was staying in Switzerland with her husband and Lord Byron. The weather was very bad - it kept raining, so they couldn’t leave the house. In order to amuse themselves, Byron suggested that they should each write a ghost story. This is how Mary’s famous story began. The Shelleys and Byron discussed the work of Darwin. One night Mary had a dream after these conversations. She dreamt of a student, Frankenstein, who had made a monster which came to life.
Frankenstein made his monster out of parts of human corpses. When he had made his monster, he became excited and frightened by what he had done. The monster was a gentle creature and rather clever. He taught himself to read Milton’s «Paradise Lost», Plutarch’s «Lives» and Goethe’s «The Sorrows of Werther». He wanted humans to love and understand him. Because no one could understand him and no woman could love him he became violent and destroyed Frankenstein.
It is an unforgettable story. Hundreds of other stories and films have been based on it.
Horror films have also been popular since the silent film «Cabinet of Dr Caligary». There have been many horror films which have no real plot – only a lot of blood and screams. There have been also some very serious films about the supernatural. But now there is a new kind of horror films, funny horror. They are like the old films but the actors do too many «horrific» things. So the old situations look extremely funny, not frightening.
Writers and film-makers will continue to use horror – in a serious way or in a funny way. And the public will continue to buy the horror stories and queue up for the horror movies. The fascination continues. Horror is here to stay!
Вариант 4