Способы выражения настоящего времени
PRESENT SIMPLE (INDEFINITE)
Настоящее неопределенное
| Утвердительная форма | Отрицательная форма | Вопросительная форма |
| I We work You They | I We do not work You They | I Do we work? you they |
| He She works It | He She does not work It | he Does she work? it |
| I usually takethe bus to work. | He doesn’t go to work by bus. | How doyouget to work? |
| Случаи употребления: | ||
| 1. постоянные, последовательные или регулярно повторяющиеся действия в настоящем | We sell our products into many markets. – Мы продаем наши товары на многих рынках. I get up at 7, have breakfast and go to work. – Я встаю в 7, завтракаю и иду на работу. When she comeshome, she alwaysdrinkstea. – Когда она приходит домой, она всегда пьет чай. | |
| 2. общеизвестные факты | The Earth goes round the Sun. – Земля вращается вокруг Солнца. | |
| Обстоятельства времени: | ||
| always – всегда usually – обычно often – часто never – никогда | seldom – редко rarely – редко sometimes – иногда generally – обычно | as a rule – как правилоeveryday – каждый день once a week – раз в неделю |
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
Настоящее длительное
| Утвердительная форма | Отрицательная форма | Вопросительная форма | |||
| I am working | I am not working | Am I working? | |||
| He She is working It | He She is not working It | he Is she working? it | |||
| We You are working They | We You are not working They | we Are you working? they | |||
| I am lookingfor a job. | He isn’t sleeping. | What areyou doing? | |||
| Случаи употребления: | |||||
| 1. действие, происходящее в момент речи | Hurry up! We are all waiting for you. – Поторопись! Мы все тебя ждем. | ||||
| 2. действие, происходящее в настоящий период времени (в процессе) | The number of people using the Internet is growing. – Количество людей, пользующихся Интернетом, растет. | ||||
| 3. временное действие | I am using a company car because mine is under repair. – Я пользуюсь машиной компании, так как моя в ремонте. | ||||
| 4. слишком часто повторяющееся действие, которое вызывает недовольство, раздражение | My new assistant is always complaining! – Мой новый помощник вечно жалуется! | ||||
| Обстоятельства времени: | |||||
| now – сейчас still – все еще | today – сегодня these days – теперь nowadays – в наши дни | at present – в настоящее время at the moment – в данный момент | |||
Глаголы, не употребляющиеся в Continuous
| Глаголы | Примеры | |
| чувственного восприятия | feel, hear, look, notice, see, smell, sound, taste | I’m sorry, but I do not hear you. – Извините, но я вас не слышу. I see a misprint on this page. – Я вижу опечатку на этой странице. |
| умственной деятельности | advise, believe, consider, forget, hope, insist, know, promise, realise, recommend, remember, require, seem, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wonder | What do they think of our proposal? – Что они думают о нашем предложении? I promise to solve your problem. – Я обещаю решить вашу проблему. |
| чувств | like, love, concern, hate | I like our new office very much. – Мне очень нравится наш новый офис. |
| желания | prefer, want, wish, need | Why do you want to work here? – Почему вы хотите здесь работать? |
| принадлеж-ности | be, belong, contain, consist, have, include, own, possess | The report consists of three parts. – Отчет состоит из трех частей. |
| некоторые другие | agree, apologise, appear, cost, exist, forgive, look like, matter, reach, refuse, remain, suit | I agree with your opinion. – Я согласен с вашим мнением. It costs a lot of money. – Это стоит больших денег. |
Примечание:
Глаголы feel, look, think, have могут употребляться в Continuous в следующих значениях:
− He is feeling better today. – Сегодня он чувствует себя лучше.
− What are they looking for? – Что они ищут?
− What are you thinking about? – О чем вы думаете?
− Mr. Frank is having dinner (a rest, a smoke, a cold, a shower, a good time) now. – Мистер Фрэнк сейчас обедает(отдыхает, курит, принимает душ, хорошо проводит время).
PRESENT PERFECT
Настоящее совершенное
| Утвердительная форма | Отрицательная форма | Вопросительная форма |
| I We have known You They | I We have not known You They | I Have we known? you they |
| He She has worked It | He She has not worked It | he Has she worked? it |
| She has never apologised in her life. | They haven’t seen each other for years. | Have you everbeen in Madrid? |
| Случаи употребления: | ||
| 1. событие, произошедшее в прошлом и имеющее результат в настоящем | I have just finished my report. – Я только что закончила отчет. | |
| 2. если указано, сколько раз произошло действие | It is the first time he has made a presentation himself. – Это в первый раз, когда он сделал презентацию самостоятельно. | |
| 3. в конструкции Present Perfect since Past Simple | He has had the same job since he came here in 2001. – Он работает на одном и том же месте с тех пор, как пришел сюда в 2001 году. | |
| Обстоятельства времени: | ||
| ever – когда-либо never – никогда always – всегда already – уже yet – еще, уже just – только что still – до сих пор | lately – недавно recently – недавно before – раньше so far – до сих пор today – сегодня this week – на этой неделе | for 2 hours – в течение 2 часов since morning – с утра all my life – всю жизнь How long …? – Как долго …? Since when …? – С каких пор …? |
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Настоящее совершенно-длительное
| Утвердительная форма | Отрицательная форма | Вопросительная форма | |
| I We have been You working They | I We have not been Youworking They | I Have we been youworking? they | |
| He She has been It working | He She has not been It working | he Has she been it working? | |
| We have been waiting for you since morning. | She hasn’t been driving for many years. | How long have you been working here? | |
| Случаи употребления: | |||
| 1. действие началось в определенный момент времени в прошлом, длилось в течение определенного периода и все еще продолжается в настоящем | Jeff has been looking for a job for over a year, but he still hasn’t found one. – Джеф ищет работу больше года, но еще ничего не нашел. | ||
| 2. действие началось в определенный момент времени в прошлом, длилось в течение определенного периода, только что завершилось и имеет видимый результат в настоящем | Mr. Vieck is very tired; he has been working very much lately. – Мистер Вик очень устал; он в последнее время много работал. | ||
| Обстоятельства времени: | |||
| for a week– в течение недели since morning– с утра all day long– весь день | over the last few days – в течение последних нескольких дней How long …? – Как долго …? Since when…?– С каких пор …? | ||
I. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. What (are you doing / do you do)? ~ I’m a lawyer.
2. Our company (employs / is employing) over 5,000 people.
3. I really (do not see / am not seeing) the point of all this debate.
4. Where (are you going / do you go)? ~ To the storehouse.
5. Success in life (is depending / depends) on your will and effort.
6. This notice is too high for me to read. What (it says / does it say)?
7. Mr. Archibald always (is holding / holds) the meeting up by being late!
8. Heavy taxes (discourage / are discouraging) investment.
9. Rivalry (reveals / is revealing) the best in products and the worst in people.
10. While my boss is away on holiday I (am handling / handle)his work.
11. The Belarusian economy (grows / is growing) at an annual rate of 3 %.
12. The company (is owning / owns) a great number of hotels and restaurants.
13. Has he agreed to your offer? ~ No, he (is thinking / thinks) it over.
14. More and more people (use / are using) online tools to find necessary information.
15. We are all here now except Mr. Thomas who (is still / is still being)on a business trip.
16. A good brand (guarantees / has guaranteed) a certain level of quality to customers.
17. The inflation rate (goes / is going) up as a result of rising gas and energy costs.
18. Many banks (are offering / offer) their clients the opportunity to do their banking online.
19. In the Republic of Belarus the National Bank (is setting / sets) the basic interest rate.
20. When she (is getting / gets) to the office, she (checks / is checking) her e-mail first.
II. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. Mrs. Mills (has asked / has been asking) for a pay rise three times this year.
2. He (works / has been working) at the Ministry of Justice for almost two years.
3. It is clear to me that my time for action (has come / comes).
4. They never (have dealt / deals) with our orders in a competent way.
5. I (am searching / have been searching) for my organiser all morning.
6. (Has he signed / Has he been signing) the documents already?
7. Oil prices (have risen / are rising) to record levels over the past three years.
8. Exports (have grown / have been growing) steadily over the past six months.
9. Since last year only a few companies (have declared / have been declaring) bankruptcy.
10. How long (have you been advertising / are you advertising) this vacancy in the press?
11. Is Mr. Anderson in the office? ~ I don’t know. I (haven’t seen / haven’t been seeing) him all day.
12. Finally the board of advisors (has approved / has been approving) the merger.
13. We (have been trying / try) to create a new system of ad effectiveness since the beginning of the year.
14. The committee members (have not carried out / do not carry out) on this project yet.
15. I (have warned / have been warning) my subordinates not to take part in any political movements.
16. The government (has just announced / has just been announcing) an increase in income taxes.
17. The collapse in the financial world (has ruined / has been ruining) my chances for future promotion.
18. Since when (have you been / have you been being) in charge of the Department of Trade?
19. How long you (do you know / have you known) each other? ~ We (are / have been) friends since we (were / have been) children.
20. I think something (has happened / has been happening) to the phone lines. I (have tried / have been trying) to get through to Melbourne for the past hour but there’s no reply.
III. Выберите один из предложенных вариантов ответа:
1. Our weekly planning meetings … place on Mondays at 10 a.m.
a. are taking c. have taken
b. take d. have been taking
2. It …harder and harder nowadays to find a well-paid job.
a. gets c. has got
b. has been getting d. is getting
3. What time … your working day …?
a. is; starting c. does; start
b. do; starts d. has; started
4. It’s the first time I … on a business trip abroad.
a. am c. am being
b. have been d. be
5. I … to inquire about the possibility of employment with your company.
a. am writing c. have written
b. write d. have been writing
6. What … of the results of the performance appraisal?
a. do you think c. have you thought
b. are you thinking d. have you been thinking
7. The world economies … through a serious economic crisis right now.
a. go c. have gone
b. are going d. have been going
8. Mr. Hewings … taking early retirement on medical grounds.
a. has been considering c. have considered
b. considers d. is considering
9. This company … any fringe benefits, I’m afraid.
a. hasn’t been offering c. has offered
b. is offering d. doesn’t offer
10. Jill came to the welfare agency three years ago and … here ever since.
a. works c. has been working
b. worked d. is working
11. We …applicants for half three hours now.
a. are interviewing c. have been interviewing
b. have interviewed d. interview
12. Linda is very disappointed. She … dismissed recently.
a. has been c. is being
b. is d. been
13. Mrs. Hastings’s secretary … on the phone! No wonder it’s practically impossible to get through.
a. is always talking c. always talks
b. has always been talking d. is always talk
14. … your assistant … the appointment with Miss Clark in your diary so far?
a. does; put c. has; put
b. is; putting d. has; been putting
15. The Belarusian government … to build the country’s first nuclear power station.
a. decides c. has been deciding
b. is deciding d. has decided
16. Statistics show that the overall average job tenure … stable since 1983.
a. is c. has been
b. is being d. is been
17. The industrial giants of Belarus still … for the ways to reduce the existing stockpiles.
a. look c. have looked
b. are looking d. have been looking
18. She is very tired and her eyes are red. … the Internet all day long?
a. Is she surfing c. Has she been surfing
b. Has she surfed d. Does she surf
19. I … to find a new job but I … where to start.
a. have been wanting; not know c. have wanted; have not knew
b. am wanting; am not knowing d. want; do not know
20. For the time being I … a probation period in a firm that … to the holding company.
a. undergo; has belonged c. have undergone; is belonging
b. am undergoing; belongs d. have been undergoing; belong
IV. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в одной из форм настоящего времени:
1. I (learn) the English language since last year.
2. It’s the first time you (come) in due time.
3. At the moment we (wait) for permission to go ahead with the project.
4. He (apply) for jobs without success for months now.
5. I know that since January he (be) in charge of the management division.
6. I (type) this report since yesterday and I’m only halfway through.
7. Some of our employees (attend) courses to get a better command of foreign languages.
8. The unemployment rate (hold) steady over the past couple of months.
9. We currently (negotiate) the inclusion of that amendment into the contract.
10. I see you (write) letters of advice all morning. Is it the last notice you (write) now?
11. They (be) business rivals for more than 10 years and still (be).
12. Elected officials always (listen) to their electorate and (try) to act on their suggestions.
13. I (make) an appointment with Mr. Trench. Can I see him? ~ I’m sorry, he (not arrive) yet.
14. My immediate supervisor regularly (give) me feedback that (help) me to improve my performance.
15. I (know) Mr. Smith all my life and we always (be) good business partners.
16. I (not like) the new office manager, she always (bother) me with silly questions.
17. Sheila says she (be) very tired recently. She (work) almost sixty hours a week for the past month.
18. The figures presented in your report (look) rather optimistic. Are you sure they (be) accurate?
19. I (feel) that we have to do too much paperwork; we always (fill) in forms or writing reports and letters.
20. These days, car factories all over the world (suffer) a big drop in sales. That’s why some auto makers (announce) a price cut.