I. Выберите правильный перевод подчеркнутой глагольной формы.
CONTENTS
Методические рекомендации для выполнения контрольных
Работ 4
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №3 5
APPENDIX 18
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №4 21
APPENDIX 35
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №5 37
APPENDIX 51
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА №6 57
APPENDIX 70
Список использованной литературы 74
Методические рекомендации для выполнения контрольных работ
1. Каждая контрольная работа включает 5 вариантов. Студент должен выполнить один из 5 вариантов в соответствии с последними цифрами номера зачётной книжки:
1,2 вариант - №1; 3,4 вариант - №2;
5,6 вариант - №3; 7 ,8 вариант - №4;
9, 0 вариант -№5.
2. Контрольные работы выполняются в отдельной тетради. На обложке тетради указывается фамилия, номер зачётной книжки, номер контрольной работы, номер группы.
3. Контрольные работы должны выполняться аккуратно. В тетради должны быть оставлены поля для замечаний рецензента.
4. Студенты заочного отделения изучают иностранный язык 2 года, т.е. 4 семестра. Итогом обучения является экзамен на 2-ом курсе (4 семестр).
Зачёт предполагает выполнение контрольных работ № 3,4,5,6 (3 семестр – контрольная работа №3, 4; 4 семестр – контрольные работы № 5, 6).
Рекомендуемая литература:
1. Essential Grammar in Use Murphy R. Cambridge University Press 1997
2. English Grammar in Use Murphy R. Cambridge University Press 1994
3. English.Самоучитель. Петрова А. П. Москва. Высшая школа. 1997
4. Грамматика английского языка Резник Р.В. Москва. Просвещение 1995
5. Английский язык для инженеров Полякова Т. Ю. Москва. Высшая школа. 2002
6. Английский язык: Методическое пособие для студентов 1,2 курсов заочного отделения ИГНД всех специальностей. - Томск, Изд-во ТПУ, 2009 – 113 с.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 3
Для того чтобы правильно выполнить контрольную работу № 3, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса:
1. Present Participle
2. Past Participle
3. Absolute Participle Construction
4. Gerund
Вариант I
I. Выберите правильный перевод подчеркнутой глагольной формы.
1. There are many brilliant scientists working in different fields of science and technology in our country.
a) работают b) работающих c) работали
2. Delivering a lecture professor Petrov used some diagrams.
a) читая b) читающий c) чтение
3. They are discussing the agenda of the conference now.
a) обсуждающий b) обсуждая c) обсуждают
4. The substance being heated, the motion of its molecules increases.
a) нагреваемые b) нагретая c) нагревается
5. Air is a substance (состоящее) of mixtures of several gases.
a) by consisting b) consisting c) is consisting
6. (Слушая) to the tapes you will improve your pronunciation.
a) is listening b) being listening c) listening
II. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на функции герундия в предложении.
1. Studying natural phenomenon without making observations is useless.
2. In changing water into ice its composition is not changed.
3. I am fond of reading books.
III. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функции причастия.
1. The data required were analyzed in the laboratory.
2. If confirmed, the data will be used in the experiment.
3. Having finished my translation I gave it to the teacher.
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания после текста.
ALUMINIUM
Aluminium is the most common metal on Earth. It occurs naturally in many different kinds of rocks. But most of the aluminium we use is extracted from an ore called bauxite, which is formed over, long periods by the weathering of rocks containing aluminium silicates (aluminium, silicon and oxygen).
In 1886 two chemists independently discovered how to extract aluminium using electricity. Their discovery reduced the price of aluminium to a fraction of the price of silver in four years. The two chemists were Charles Martin Hall (1863 - 1914), a student at Oberlin College in the USA, and P.L.T. Heroult (1863 - 1914), a young chemist working in France. By coincidence, they were not only the same age when they made their discovery, but also died within eight months of each other.
Before this, the metal was much more expensive than silver and gold. The Emperor of France, Napoleon III, for example, used aluminium plates to impress the most important guests. Today we use aluminium foil to wrap food because it is so cheap.
Aluminium is also durable, light and a good conductor of electricity. It is used to protect metals against corroding because when the surface of aluminium reacts with oxygen in the air, a thick coating of aluminium oxide forms that seals a metal from the air. It isalso used to make parts for planes, cars, and lorries, to make electric cables.
Вставьте пропущенное слово.
1. Aluminium is the most ____ metal.
2. Aluminium is _____ from an ore.
3. The discovery of two chemists in 1886 ________ the price of aluminium.
4. Today aluminium foil is ________.
5. Aluminium is durable, _____ and conducts electricity.
Вариант II
Вставьте пропущенное слово.
1. Copying books by hand was a _____ and time-consuming method.
2. German printers quickly adopted Gutenberg's __________ .
3. Martin Luther reaped ________ of the new technology.
4. Martin Luther’s books could be reproduced ______________ and in large quantities.
5. With the new invention Martin Luther _______ his religious ideas quickly throughout Europe.
Вариант III
THE FIRST SEISMOGRAPH
In 1989 millions watched on television as a powerful earthquake rocked San Francisco shortly before baseball's World Series. That quake's tremors brought death and destruction around the Bay area.
Today we know that the shifting in the earth's crust causes earthquakes. This movement sends "seismic waves" across the earth's surface, much as dropping a pebble in a pond sends ripples across water.
People living in Han China believed that angry spirits caused earthquakes to express their displeasure with society. Scholars studied quakes closely, believing they were interpreting a divine message.
In A.D. 132 Zhang Heng invented the world's first seismograph, an instrument for detecting and measuring earthquakes. Zhang's device resembled a domed, cylindrical urn. Each of eight dragons around the top held a ball in its jaws. At the base of the urn sat eight toads with upturned heads and open mouths, each directly under a dragon.
When a tremor occurred, a mechanism caused one of the balls to fall into a toad's mouth. This action showed that somewhere an earthquake was taking place. The side of the seismograph where that toad was sitting indicated the quake's direction. As the ball popped into the toad's mouth, the loudness may have indicated the tremor's strength.
Zhang Heng's seismograph had one quality that today's instruments lack: it was also a work of art.
1) Соотнесите русские и английские словосочетания:
1. to express displeasure a) поднятая вверх голова
2. to resemble an urn b) произведение искусства
3. to cause destruction c) напоминать сосуд
4. upturned head d) выражать недовольство
5. a work of art e) вызывать разрушения
2) Найдите в каждом ряду слово, противоположное по значению первому слову ряда.
| 1. detect a) find b) discover c) loose d) determine 2. angry a) wicked b) mean c) powerful d) cheerful 3. occur a) happen b) take place c) disappear d) hold 4. tremor a) peace b) quake c) shake d) vibration 5. strength a) force b) weakness c) intensity d) rate | |
Вставьте пропущенное слово.
1. In 1988 a powerful earthquake brought _____ to the Bay area.
2. Scientists who studied the quakes closely believed that they interpreted a ____ message.
3. The first seismograph resembled a domed ____ with dragons on it.
4. When a _______ occurred, one of the balls fell into a toad's mouth.
5. Zhang Heng's seismograph was actually a work of ______ .
Вариант IV
ENGINEERING IN ROME
The Romans constructed many impressive buildings besides the Circus Maximus and the Colosseum. Between A.D. 118 and 128, Hadrian rebuilt the Pantheon, a temple for all the gods and goddesses, with a soaring dome and a huge skylight. To build the Pantheon, the Romans mixed concrete, a new building material with various kinds of stone.
As they constructed public buildings and a vast network of roads, the Romans engineered aqueducts,or artificial channels for carrying water. These lofty arches built out of stone enabled water to flow into Rome from as far away as 30 miles (about 48 kilometers). One Roman-built aqueduct in Segovia, Spain, was so well constructed that it is still used today - nearly 1.900 years after it was completed.
The Romans excelled at taking discoveries made by others, combining them, refining them, and using them in new and often more practical ways. They adapted the Etruscan arch and dome to construct aqueducts and the Pantheon, and borrowed the design for columns from the Greek temple to support porches built around Roman city squares.
Roman scientists also relied upon foreign resources - information that had been collected and organized from other cultures.
1) Соотнесите русские и английские словосочетания:
1. huge skylight a) парящий купол
2. vast network b) позаимствовать конструкцию
3. to borrow the design c) искусственные каналы
4. artificial channels d) обширная сеть
5. soaring dome e) огромное потолочное окно
Вставьте пропущенное слово.
1. The Pantheon is a ______ for all the gods and goddesses.
2. The Romans constructed public buildings and a ___________ of roads.
3. The aqueducts ____________ water to flow form far away.
4. The Romans built the ___________ in Spain which is still used today.
5. Roman scientists often _________ upon foreign resources.
Вариант V
AN UNNATURAL DISASTER
Pressing economic and social problems have plagued the world's developing nations in the decades following World War II. The demand for natural resources, the creation of jobs, and the need for more open land to settle growing populations have led many nations to introduce deforestation programs.
Although a useful short-term solution to economic problems, deforestation has disastrous consequences. Deforestation can decrease soil quality and create erosion problems, reducing rich forests to wastelands. The destruction of the tropical rain forests in Brazil threatens to alter the world's climate and contribute to the greenhouse effect.
Deforestation recently led to a major disaster in Thailand. The Thai government's 30-year policy of encouraging logging resulted in the loss of fully half the nation's forests. A violent rainstorm that hit one of the deforested regions in November 1988 created flash floods on the bare, muddy hillsides. These floods killed 400 people and left thousands more injured and homeless.
If the forests had remained to absorb the downpour, floods would not have threatened the valley's residents. By ignoring the consequences of their actions, Thai officials and loggers not only destroyed a vital resource but also created a disaster. Experts say the destructive floods have set the region's economy back 20 years.
1) Соотнесите русские и английские словосочетания:
| 1. to introduce deforestation programs 2. short-term solution 3. to contribute to the green house effect 4. to threaten 5. to set back | a) краткосрочное решение b) отбросить назад c) вводить в действие программы по борьбе с исчезновением лесов d) содействовать развитию парникового эффекта e) угрожать, представлять угрозу |
Вставьте пропущенное слово.
1. After World War II there was _________ for natural resources and creation of jobs.
2. The need for land to settle made the nations to ___________ deforestation programs.
3. Deforestation has _______________ consequences.
4. A violent __________ in 1988 created flash floods.
5. The destructive floods ________ the region's economy back 20 years.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 3
Appendix 1
Appendix 2
Appendix 3
Appendix 4
Gerund (Герундий)
| Active | Passive |
| giving beating e.g. He remembered readingthe book spoken about by all. – Он вспомнил, что читал книгу, о которой все говорили. | being given being beaten e.g. He didn’t remember being knocked down. – Он не помнил, как был сбит с ног. |
Примечание:
Существует ряд слов, после которых используется активная форма герундия, несмотря на то, что субъект находится в пассивной позиции:
- глаголы:
to want
to need
to deserve
to require
- прилагательное:
worth
Функции:
1) подлежащее:
Swimming is pleasant.
2) часть сказуемогопосле глаголов to finish, to start, to continue, to go on, to keep и др.
He finished reading the newspaper.
3) предложное дополнение:
I am fond of reading.
4) прямое дополнение:
Do you mind my smoking here?
5) обстоятельство времени:
On coming home I took a bath.
6) обстоятельство образа действия:
Instead of going home he went to the movies.
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 4
Для выполнения контрольной работы № 4 необходимо проработать следующие разделы курса английского языка:
1. Времена в пассивном залоге.
Вариант I
I. Замените активный залог на пассивный, как в примере.
1. The engineers develop a new method. - New methods are developed by the engineers.
2. Someone broke the window.
3. He built this house two years ago.
4. The postman delivers letters once a week.
5. I have written two letters.
6. We will translate the text tomorrow.
7. This specialist designed a new bridge.
II. Раскройте скобки, используя соответствующий залог (Active or Passive) и время, как в примерах.
1. The engineers (use) new machining methods. - The engineers use new machining methods.
2. Many Russian engineers (employ) in foreign companies nowadays. - Many Russian engineers are employed in foreign companies nowadays.
3. A new piece of equipment (use) in the last experiment.
4. A new machine (test) next week.
5. The head of the company (employ) a new manager last week.
6. At this laboratory specialists (test) new devices.
7. This table (make) of wood.
8. Who (make) this piece of furniture?
III. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.
1. This specialist ______ a new method of metal treatment.
a) discover b) discovered c) is discovered
2. The new method of metal treatment was ____ by this specialist.
a) discover b) discovered c) is discovered
3. He has _____ all the invitations.
а) sent b) send c) is sent
4. All the cards have _____.
a) been send b) be sent c) been sent
5. The engineers will _____ some new equipment in their experiment.
a) use b) used c) be used
6. A new device will ___ in the experiment.
a) use b) be used c) is used
7. They have _____ the stolen things.
a) found b) be found c) is found
8. The stolen painting has ________.
a) found b) be found c) been found
9. These subjects aren’t ____ in this course.
a) study b) studied c) studying
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания после текста
A MELTING POT
The United States of America has probably one of the most “mixed populations” in the world. This is why it is often called “melting pot”. The first Americans were the Native Americans- there are about 2 million of them today, about 0, 8% of the population. Their ancestors came to America over a “land bridge” from Asia 40,000 years before Columbus.
The European Arrive
Many years later, in the 1600s, people arrived from Europe. The first group came from England and France. Today about 32 million Americans (about 13%) have English ancestors from over 300 years ago. The Europeans also took people by force from Africa to work for them in the “New World”. As slaves they had a very hard and difficult life, and many of them died during the journey to America or on tobacco and cotton farms. There are about 30 million black Americans (about 12% of the population) in the United States today and most of them are descendants of slaves. More recently, people have come to the United States from other parts of the world. Between 1820 and 1860 many people came from Germany and Ireland – about 58 million (about 23%) of Americans have German ancestors and about 39 million (15%) have Irish ancestors. From 1860 to 1920 many people came from other European countries including Russia, Poland, Greece, Turkey and Italy.
The USA today
Today the fastest growing group in the United States is Hispanic. There are about 25 million Hispanics (about 9% of the population) in the United States who came from Spanish-speaking countries such as Cuba, Mexico and Puerto Rico. There are also large numbers of people from Asian countries, including China, Japan, Korea and the Philippines. In total, there are about 7, 5 million Asian Americans (about 3% of the population).
1) Найдите в тексте следующие слова и составьте с ними предложения, используя информацию из текста:
ancestor; slave; cotton farm; descendants; bridge; recently; journey.
Вариант II
I. Замените активный залог на пассивный, как в примере.
1. The waiter served the meal. – The meal was served by the waiter.
2. People don’t use the road very often.
3. A surgeon makes operations.
4. The girl cleans the room twice a day.
5. The police arrested three men.
6. Millions of people watch this programme.
7. They have elected a new president.
8. Somebody will meet you at the station.
II. Раскройте скобки, используя соответствующий залог (Active or Passive) и время, как в примерах.
1. The report (write) by a graduate student for the conference. - The report is written by a graduate student for the conference.
2. We (clean) our room every day. - We clean our room every day.
3. While I was swimming my bag (steal)
4. Last year I (write) to my parents every week.
5. On my way home I (see) a terrible accident.
6. While I was taking pictures, somebody (steal) my bag.
7. This room (clean) once a week.
8. He (see) at the University last week.
III. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.
1. People _____ the city for its architecture.
a) admired b) is admired c) are admired
2. The city _____ for its architecture.
a) admired b) is admired c) are admired
3. The engineer _____ a new device.
a) design b) designed c) is designed
4. The device ____ by the engineer.
a) design b) designed c) is designed
5. Millions of tourists will _____ the museum this year
a) visit b) be visit c) be visited
6. The museum will ____ by millions of tourists.
a) visit b) be visit c) be visited
7. Your friends _____ for you.
a) wait b) being waited c) are waiting.
8. You are ____ for.
a) wait b) being waited c) waited
9. The present has already ______.
а) given b) be given c) been given
10. I have just ____ my present.
a) give b) given c) been given
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания после текста
CHANGES IN WOMEN’S LIVES
For many women life today is different from the life in the time of their grandmothers. The changes have come very slowly but in many countries women now take a more active part in society.
Working in factories
During World War I and the World War II many men went away to fight. This meant that more and more women had to work outside the home. For many women it was the first time when they were independent and they had their own money. They were not wealthy but many women were not so poor as they used to be. At the end of the war they did not want to go back to the kind of life they used to have.
Voting in elections
In many countries many women also started to fight for the right to vote in elections and to make political decisions. Their votes were important and male politicians had to start thinking about what women ask for.
Education for women
Other important changes affected the women’s lives. More girls started to go to schools. In the past people used to send only their sons to schools. Many people used to think that education was too expensive to “waste” on girls. In time governments started to provide education for girls and women were then able to get better jobs.
Life today
Life for many women has changed but in some places it is still the same as it used to be 100 years ago. More than half the world’s population is female but women own less than 10% of the world’s land.
On average women earn 65 % of the salary of men
There are no women in the list of the world’s 100 richest people.
More than three times more women than men cannot read or write.
In schools girls usually do better than boys but boys generally get better jobs when they leave schools. In some countries only 10% of the labour force is female.
1) Найдите в тексте следующие слова и составьте с ними предложения, используя информацию из текста:
different; to fight; to waste; earn; labour force
Вариант III
I. Замените активный залог на пассивный, как в примере.
1. Students write most of these articles. – Most of these articles are written by students.
2. They import oranges in our country.
3. He painted the house last month.
4. A burglar stole my wallet.
5. This team will win the prize.
6. They are rebuilding the damaged stadium.
7. They are playing the match on Friday evening.
8. He has bought a new car.
II. Раскройте скобки, используя соответствующий залог (Active or Passive) и время, как в примерах.
1. Every year my parents (send) me a present for my birthday. - Every year my parents send me a present for my birthday.
2. She (know) to be interested in the subject.- She is known to be interested in the subject.
3. My friend (give) me a good book to read.
4. The letters (send) in the morning.
5. My friend (know) many interesting things.
6. Who (tell) you the news?
7. The report (give) to my boss to look through.
8. The story (tell) in a very interesting way.
III. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.
1. The storm ____ the house.
a) destroy b) destroyed c) is destroyed
2. The house ___ by the storm.
a) destroy b) destroys c) is destroyed
3. The professor ____ the department.
a) head b) headed c) was headed
4. The delegation ___ by the professor.
a) head b) was headed c) headed
5. You can _____ a lot of interesting books in the library.
a) find b) found c) is founded
6. A lot of useful articles can ___ in these magazines.
a) find b) be find c) be found
7. Young people like _____ to music.
a) listen b) to listen c) is listened
8. The professor ____ to with a great interest.
a) is listened b) listen c) listens
9. This topic has already _____.
a) been studied b) is studied c) studied
10. We haven’t ______ this topic yet.
a) study b) studied c) been studied
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания после текста.
Вариант IV
I. Замените активный залог на пассивный, как в примере.
1. The engineer invented a new device. – A new device is invented by the engineer.
2. A piece of music wakes me up every morning.
3. Somebody has stolen my key.
4. My friend has invited me to his wedding.
5. They are repairing the car.
6. They offered me a good job.
7. The architect will prepare a new project.
8. They are cleaning the office now.
II. Раскройте скобки, используя соответствующий залог (Active or Passive) и время, как в примерах.
1. This house (build) in our street 2 years ago. - This house was built in our street 2 years ago.
2. The engineers (discuss) the results of the experiment. - The engineers discuss the results of the experiment.
3. The experiment (carry out) last month.
4. These specialists do necessary research and (carry out) the experiments.
5. Workers (build) this house very quickly.
6. The engineer (invent) a new device.
7. All the methods (discuss) at the meeting.
8. A new way of machining (invent) lately.
III. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.
1. The students ____ the professor to take part in the experiment.
a) invited b) are invited c) was invited
2. Tim is always ____ to parties.
a) invited b) is invited c) invites
3. I ____ the book to my friend yesterday.
a) give b) gave c) was given
4. Difficult articles for translations ___ to us yesterday.
a) give b) are given c) were given
5. Your question cant _____.
a) answer b) be answered c) is answered
6. I ____ the letters just now.
a) am answered b) am answering c) answered
7. We _______ a postcard from our holiday.
a) sent b) sending c) is sent
8. The doctor has _____ for.
a) is sent b) was sent c) been sent
9. The fire fighters _______ the children.
a) saves b) saved c) been saved
10. The children were_____.
a) rescue b) rescued c) been rescued
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания после текста
SATELLITES
Satellites are an important part of our ordinary lives. For example, the information for weather forecast is sent by satellites. Some satellites have cameras which take photos of the Earth to show how clouds are moving. Satellites are also used to connect our international phone calls.
Television satellites
We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to another. They are usually 35,880 kilometers above the equator. Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place. This is because it is moving around the world at 11,000 kilometers per hour- exactly the same speed that the earth rotates. A satellite must orbit the Earth with its antennae facing the Earth. Sometimes it moves away from its orbit so there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position. This usually happens about every five or six days. Computer connections of the World Wide Web and Internet are also satellites. Many of our programs come to us through satellites. Airplane pilots also sometimes use a satellite to help them find their exact location.
The Earth’s biggest dustbin?
Space is not empty! Every week more and more satellites are sent into space to orbit the Earth. A satellite usually works for 10- 12 years. Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes they are brought back to Earth to be repaired. Often very old or broken satellites are left in space to orbit the Earth for a very long time. This is very serious because some satellites use nuclear power and can crash into each other.
1) Найдите в тексте следующие слова и составьте с ними предложения, используя информацию из текста:
weather forecast clouds equator speed rotate antenna location orbit nuclear power crash
Вариант V
I. Замените активный залог на пассивный, как в примере.
1. They close the museum on Monday. – The museum is closed on Monday.
2. We grow apples in our garden.
3. The engineers are making a new experiment.
4. People made glass from sand.
5. Somebody has stolen my new bike.
6. My friend took me for a ride yesterday.
7. I’ve received a letter.
8. They will build a new theatre next month.
II. Раскройте скобки, используя соответствующий залог (Active or Passive) и время, как в примерах.
1. We (do) many the exercises. - We do many the exercises.
2. The description of a new device (include) in the 1st section. - The description of a new device is included in the 1st section.
3. The results of the experiments (show) at the last meeting.
4. We (invite) our boss to take part in the discussion.
5. The articles (include) the description of a new device.
6. The necessary investigation (do) next week.
7. All the engineers of our company (invite) to take part in the conference.
8. The student (show) good knowledge of the subjects.
III. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.
1. Articles ____ every day.
a) are translation b) are translated c) is translated
2. We _____ this text last week.
a) are translated b) were translated c) translated
3. The work will ______ in time.
a) do b) is done c) be done
4. He _____ the same work every day.
a) do b) does c) done
5. My friend ____ me to help him.
a) ask b) asked c) is asked
6. I _____ to do it.
a) asks b) is ask c) was asked
7. The student ____ all the questions.
a) answer b) answered c) was answered
8. The letters have already_______.
a) been answered b) answered c) answering
9. Somebody ____ the ambulance.
a) call b) called c) been called
10. The doctor _____ immediately.
a) call b) been called c) was called
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания после текста
THE BBC NEWS SERVICE
Many people think that the BBC news programs are better than those on other channels because the BBC is not a commercial company. It pays for its programs from the television license money which everyone must pay if they have a television. The BBC, which is often known as “Auntie”, is the biggest news collecting operation in the world. It has the world’s largest network of foreign correspondents. Ten per cent of the BBC’s annual budget is spent on news collecting, reporting and presenting. More than 1700 people work for the BBC news service. The BBC produces more than 214 hours of news and current affairs programs for radio and television each week. Each television news program costs about 78 000 pounds per hour and each radio news program costs roughly 4, 000 pounds per hour. In the UK roughly 19 million people – almost 35% of the total population watch the BBC television news programs every day. Development in technology is improving news collection and presentation every year. The BBC now is using special robotic cameras in the TV news studios to film the news presenters and captions the world. And sentences at the bottom of the screen are now produced automatically by computer.
1) Найдите в тексте следующие слова и составьте с ними предложения, используя информацию из текста:
commercial channel network budget technology annual
current affairs total population
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 4
Appendix 1
Времена в пассивном залоге
| Indefinite | Continious | Perfect | PerfectContinious(не используется в пассиве) | |
| Present | I am asked – меня спрашивают (постоянно) | I am being asked меня спрашивают (сейчас, в данный момент) | I have been asked – меня спросили (только что, уже) | - |
| Past | I was asked меня спросили (когда-то) | I was being asked меня спрашивали ( в какой-то момент в прошлом) | I had been asked – меня спросили (тогда уже, в прошлом перед началом другого действия) | - |
| Future | I will be asked меня спросят | -(не используется) | I will have been asked меня спросят (в будущем перед началом другого действия) | - |
| Future in the past (используется в придаточных предложениях после действия в прошлом) | I would be asked меня спросят | -(не используется) | I would have been asked меня спросят (в будущем перед началом другого действия) | - |
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 5
Для выполнения контрольной работы № 6 необходимо проработать следующие разделы курса английского языка:
1. Инфинитив и инфинитивные обороты.
Вариант I
Вариант II
THE NATIVE AMERICANS
When Columbus arrived in the Caribbean in 1492, he thought he had landed in the East Indies in Asia, so he called the people there “Indians”. In fact, they were native Americans, who had arrived in America over 40,000 years before them. At that time, Native Americans lived all over North America. Many of them lived in small groups of about 20-50 people. Most of them were very peaceful people, who lived by hunting and collecting food. Other Native Americans lived in small villages where they had farms. The Native Americans were the first people to cultivate many of the plants that we now eat: potatoes, beans, maize, tomatoes, cacao and many others. There were thousands of different languages and tribes, each with its own culture.
When the Europeans arrived, they tried to take land away from the Native Americans and there were many wars. Millions of the Native Americans also died from the diseases that the Europeans brought to them. As the Europeans took control over the eastern part of North America, the Native Americans had to move to the west in order to survive. After the United States had become independent, White Americans moved further west into the land where Native Americans lived and there were many battles – as we can see in the cowboy’s and Indian films. Then, starting in 1983, The US Government forced the Native Americans to move even further west into “reservations”. The Native Americans fought against it and for many years there were wars against the white Americans, ending with the massacre of Sioux men, women and children at Wounded Knee in 1890.
1). Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:
1. When did Columbus arrive in the Caribbean?
2. How did Columbus called people living there?
3. How did many Native Americans live?
4. What did Europeans do, when they arrived there?
5. What did the US Government force the Native Americans do?
Bариант III
Вариант IV
Gas from animals
In parts of India and China people use biogas for cooking. They put water and manure from animals into a large tank. This produces gas, methane. A pipe takes the gas into the house.
Acid rains – what is it?
Acid rains destroy plants, rivers, lakes and buildings. It comes from sulphur in coal and oil. When they burn, they make sulphur dioxide. It is mixed with water in the air and becomes sulphuric acid.
Acid rain can travel thousand of miles, so pollution in one country can become acid rain for another country. In Sweden, for example, scientists have said that 70% of the sulphur in the air comes from other countries, including Britain.
1) Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:
1. What do over 350 power stations in Europe and Japan produce from rubbish?
2. What is acid rain?
3. How do acid rains influence the environment?
4. How do people make bio-gas?
5. Where does acid rain in Sweden come from?
Вариант V
EDISON
Edison is known as one of the greatest inventors of his time. He invented so much that it is difficult to say which of his achievements is the greatest. He was an experimenter and a practical man more than a theoretician.
Edison did not have any education. He went to school for only three months. Then he left because the teacher considered him a dull boy. His mother became his teacher. The boy loved books and his mother said that he had a wonderful memory. When he first visited a public library and saw a lot of shelves with books he decided that he would read all of them and then he would know everything in the world. He measured the shelf and decided to read a toot of books every week.
In 1868 Edison built his first patented invention - an electromagnetic device.
It is said that he planned to ask three thousand dollars for his invention, though he secretly decided he would sell it for two thousand if necessary He was invited to a meeting of businessmen who were interested in buying his invention, but when he was asked to name a price he was very nervous and quite unable to speak.
"It is no use asking us a big price," said one of the businessmen, “we’ve already decided how much we will pay. Forty thousand dollars is our limit".
With this money Edison established a workshop and began his career as a professional inventor at the age of twenty-two.
All his inventions were the result of hard work. He sometimes conducted thousands of experiments. According to him, the idea that a genius works only by inspiration was absurd. "Genius is 2 per cent inspiration and 98 per cent perspiration," he often said.
1) Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:
1. Is Edison known as one of the greatest politician of his time?
2. Edison didn’t have any education, did he?
3. Who was Edison’s teacher?
4. When did Edison build his first patented invention?
5. When did Edison begin his career as a professional inventor?
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 5
Appendix 1
Инфинитивные конструкции
- Субъектный инфинитивный оборот
| ▼ | ▼ | |||
| Существительное или личное местоимение | + | Глагол -сказуемое | + | Инфинитив |
Случаи употребления оборота
| Passive | Active |
| 1) С глаголами сообщения. Обороты с этими словами характерны для газет и теленовостей, когда источник информации неизвестен, не важен или его скрывают. (to describe) - is/are/was/were described - описывают, изображают | 1) С глаголами: to appear, to seem – казаться, представляться, причем в разговорной речи более уместен seem. He appeared to know her new address. - Оказалось, что он знает ее новый адрес. He seems to know us. - Кажется, он знает нас. |
| 2) С глаголами мышления (мнение, предположение, надежда): (to believe) - is/are/was/were believed - полагают, считают, верят | 2) С глаголами:to chance, to happen - случайно оказываться,, to prove, to turn out (to be) – случиться, оказаться, причем после них может употребляться лишь простой инфинитив – Indefinite. Do you happen to know her name? - Вы, случайно, не знаете ее имени? He proved to be a good friend. - Оказалось, что он хороший друг. |
| 3) С глаголами чувственного восприятия: (to see) - is/are/was/were seen - наблюдают, видели, и др. | 3) Глагол-сказуемое выражено прилагательным с глаголом-связкой: to be (is, are, was, …) + likely – вероятный/unlikely – маловероятный/ sure - верный, безусловный. После них может употребляться лишь простой инфинитив – Indefinite. На русский язык переводятся наречиями. He is likely to come. - Вероятно, он придет. He is unlikely to help you. - Вряд ли он поможет тебе. They are sure to come soon. - Они, несомненно, скоро придут. |
| Примечание: С глаголами побуждения (приказание, просьба, разрешение) субъектный инфинитивный оборот не образуется. Инфинитив здесь выполняет роль прямого дополнения, а перевод обычно совпадает с порядком слов русского варианта этого предложения: (to allow) is/are/was/were allowed – позволяют, позволили | Примечание: Отрицательная частица not ставится перед likely, и после sure. We are not likely to meet often. - Мы вряд ли будем встречаться часто. |
- Объективный инфинитивный оборот
состоит из существительного или личного местоимения в объектном падеже (me, him, her, us, you, them) и инфинитива, и употребляется лишь после глаголов, выражающих желание, восприятие, предположение, приказание, просьбу.
| Существительное / местоимение | + | Инфинитив |
Случаи употребления оборота
| С частицей to | Без частицы to |
| 1) После глаголов, выражающих желание, чувства, намерение: to desire - желать to hate - ненавидеть to like - любить, нравиться to dislike – не нравиться to love - любить to prefer - предпочитать to want - хотеть to wish - желать would/should like - желать | 1) После глаголов: to makeв значении – заставлять, вынуждать, to let – разрешать, позволять. Причем объектный инфинитивный оборот переводится не дополнительным придаточным предложением, а неопределенным глаголом: They made her come. - Они заставили ее прийти. |
| 2) После глаголов, выражающих умственную деятельность. В этой роли над всеми этими глаголами витает общее значение – полагать, предполагать, считать. После глаголов этой группы (кроме to expect) чаще всего употребляется инфинитив глагола to be: to believe – полагать to consider – считать to declare – заявлять to expect – ожидать to find – обнаруживать to know – знать to remember – помнить to suppose – полагать to think – думать to understand – понимать | 2) После глаголов, выражающих восприятие при помощи органов чувств. Как правило, переводятся глаголами совершенного вида: to feel - чувствовать to hear - слышать to notice - замечать to observe - наблюдать to see - видеть to watch – наблюдать |
| 3) После глаголов, выражающих побуждение (приказ, просьбу, разрешение, предупреждение). Часто порядок слов английского предложения с этим оборотом полностью совпадает с порядком слов русского варианта этого предложения: to advise - советовать to allow - позволять to ask – просить to command - приказывать to force - принуждать to get – сделать так, чтобы to order - приказывать to permit - разрешать to recommend – рекомендовать to request - просить to tell – велеть to warn - предупреждать |
- Инфинитивный оборот с предлогом for
| for + существительное / местоимение + инфинитив |
В этой конструкции глагол в форме инфинитива обозначает действие, которое выполняется существительным (местоимением), стоящим после for. На русский язык такие обороты переводятся инфинитивом или придаточным предложением. Этот оборот представляет собой один член предложения
Функции:
| 1) подлежащее | For him to take this decision was not easy. - Ему принять это решение было нелегко. |
| 2) именная часть составного сказуемого | That’s for you to think on. - Об этом тебе нужно подумать. |
| 3) дополнение | He waited for me to come. - Он ждал, чтобы я пришла. |
| 4) определение | Here is a book for you to read. - Вот тебе книга для чтения. |
| 5) обстоятельство цели или следствия | I have closed the window for you not to catch cold. - Я закрыл окно, чтобы ты не простудилась. |
- Независимый инфинитивный оборот
| Существительное / местоимение | + | Причастие(любое) |
Функции:
| 1) обстоятельство времени, соответствует придаточному предложению времени, вводимому чаще всего союзами когда, после того, как | The sunhaving risen, we continued our way. (Perfect Part.) - После того, как солнце взошло, мы продолжали свой путь. (обстоятельство времени) |
| 2) обстоятельство причины | The rainhaving stopped, they went on with their work. (Perfect Part.) - Так как дождь прекратился, они продолжили работу. |
| 3) обстоятельство условия, в этом случае обычно используются причастия, образованные от глаголов: to permit – разрешить, to fail – провалиться, оказаться неудачным | Time permitting, I’ll come next week. - Если позволит время, я приду на следующей неделе. |
| 4) обстоятельство образа действия или сопутствующее обстоятельство, обычно находится в конце предложения, может вводится предлогом with | We went out for a walk, the dogrunningbehind us. - Мы вышли на прогулку, и собака бежала позади нас. |
КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 6
Для выполнения контрольной работы № 3 необходимо проработать следующие разделы курса английского языка:
1. Видо-временные формы глагола (Perfect)
2. Modal Verbs and equivalents
Вариант I
METALS IN PERSPECTIVE
Modern civilization is based on metals and millions of tons are extracted from the surface of the Earth every year. The place of metals in the modern world is supreme in importance. About three-quarters of all known chemical elements are metals.
Since the Stone Age, man has found many materials he could work with. However, the materials that helped him most to develop were the metals. In many regions of the Ancient World man used Jumps of native metals he could pick from the surface of the ground: gold nuggets, lumps of native copper and silver.
Archaeologists have found evidence of early metal-work dating as far back as 10,000 ВС. Such finds were made in the Middle East, where deposits of copper were most plentiful. This does not mean that this metal was easy to find, but that there were more deposits in the Middle East than other parts of the world.
Copper seems to be the first metal which began to oust stone. The need for copper was great indeed. The advantages that copper had before stone as a material for weapons, tools, were obvious. The metal occurred naturally in the pure (free) state and had many good things about it: it could readily be worked to any shape, flattened, pointed and holed. At first, man made it into small things such as arrowheads. Before long, however, man noticed that when hammered copper becomes harder and stronger, but if it is held over a fire - soft, malleable, easy to work.
Gold is the most malleable of all the metals. It is much softer than copper and not very strong. But gold has been valued for thousands of years for its beautiful luster and scarcity.
Вставьте пропущенное слово
1. The place of metals in the _________ world is supreme in importance.
2. However, the materials that helped him most to __________ were the metals.
3. Archaeologists have found ________ of early metal-work dating as far back as 10,000 ВС.
4. Copper seems to be the first metal which began to _______ stone.
5. Gold is the most ___________ of all the metals.
Вариант II
Вставьте пропущенное слово
1. Copper is a good conductor _____heat and electricity.
2. We use copper to make pipes ___ carrying hot water.
3. Such metals ___ lead and tin were widely known in Roman times.
4. People use copper ___ make different electrical devices.
5. People extract lead ____ galena.
Вариант III
I. Выберите правильный вариант для подчеркнутых слов или словосочетаний.
1. Я могу быстро считать в уме.
а) may b) can c) able
2. Я потратил много времени, но не смог перевести эту статью.
а) can’t b) couldn’t c) may not
3. Мы могли бы пойти в кино.
а) can’t b) could be c) could
4.Вчера у тебя был выходной день. Не может быть, чтобы ты был таким усталым!
а) may not b) mustn’t c) can’t
5.Наверное, мой брат сейчас работает.
а) might b) can c) should
6. Тебе следует учить слова каждый день.
а) should b) could c) have to
PRECIOUS METALS
Why are some metals so much more valuable than others? Gold, silver and platinum have been highly valued for centuries because of their scarcity, beauty and high qualities.
When Christopher Columbus discovered the America in 1492, Spanish expeditions soon followed. Though they are much criticized for their cruelty, greed and treachery, the military achievements of the 'Conquistadors' were remarkable. First they conquered Mexico and took away its valuable treasures. Seeking more land and wealth they invaded Peru, home of the Incas. Here they murdered the king and stole his vast hoard of gold - probably the greatest in the world. The natives were enslaved and set to work to win more gold. Later the Spanish conquered Chile and Bolivia, both of these countries being rich in precious metals, particularly silver.
To the metallurgists, the most exciting discovery made by the Spaniards was the finding of platinum in the silver mines of Mexico. At that time the new metal was