Complete the information about the company.

1. The name of the company _____________ .

2. The number of regional head offices _____________ .

3. The number of employees _____________ .

4. The number of subsidiaries _____________ .

5. The number of plants and enterprises _____________ .

6. Sales _____________ .

Match the world with its meaning.

1.	trademark	a)	a company, organization, or business
2.	patent	b)	all the special tools, machines, clothes etc you need
3.	proprietor	c)	the process of wrapping food for sale
4.	packaging	d)	an owner of a business
5.	equipment	e)	the act of joining together two or more companies to form one larger one
6.	merger	f)	you have the right to make or sell a new invention or product and that no one else is allowed to do so
7.	enterprise	g)	a special name, sign, or word that is marked on a product to show that it is made by a particular company

Translate the text.

TEXT 16

Read the text and answer the questions that follow.

INSTANT COFFEE

Powdered instant coffee was devised by Satori Kato but his idea was exploited by others. The practice of drinking coffee was invented earlier in Arabia where it was reported by ar-Razi, an Arab doctor in the 10th century. Coffe is produced in many countries. The coffee bush was found originally in Arabia and Ethiopia, but it is now grown in Brazil, Colombia, the Ivory Coast, Uganda, Angola, Kenya and Central America. The beans are ground and coffee is used in most countries as a breakfast drink. The first coffee house was opened in Paris in 1643 and was followed by others in Oxford (1650) and London (1652).

Coffee bushes produce berries which contain one or two beans. The berries are picked by hand and are put through a pulping machine. The beans which come out are placed in large tanks where the pulp ferments. The beans are then washed and spread out to dry in the hot sun. After two weeks the beans are put through a machine which removes the last of the skin. It is not until the coffee beans
have been roasted that they get their fragrant scent. After roasting the beans are ground between steel rollers. The best coffee is made from freshly roasted and ground beans.

Are these statements true or false?

1. Powdered instant coffee was devised by Satori Kato.

2. The practice of drinking coffee was invented in Brazil in the 10th century.

3. The coffee bush was found originally in Kenya.

4. The first coffee house was opened in Paris.

5. Each coffee berry contains about ten beans.

6. The best coffee is made from freshly roasted and ground beans.

What do the following numbers refer to? Make a sentence about each number.

1. 10

2. 1650

3. 1-2

4. 1643

5. 2

Translate the text.

TEXT 17

Read the text and do exercises that follow.

TEA HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT

Tea traveled throughout Asia, eventually capturing the interest of explorers from Europe. It was the famed East India Trading Company that formally introduced tea to England in the early 1600’s. At first, tea was highly taxed, expensive and scarce. Only aristocrats were able to enjoy its appealing aroma and flavor. But as trade increased, prices fell and soon everybody had their daily cup of tea.

Early Dutch and English colonists introduced tea to the New World., but it was an enterprising young Scotsman, named Sir Thomas J. Lipton, who truly popularized the beverage in America in 1890. Lipton had already established a successful tea business throughout England based on a commitment to sell only the freshest, highest quality blend of tea leaves that would produce the "BRISK" tea taste he pioneered.

To ensure a supply of tea that met his uncompromising standards of high quality at low prices, Lipton bought his own tea estates in Ceylon (now SriLanka) and transported the tea to America in clipper ships. It was Lipton who was the first to package tea in small, convenient tins to keep it fresh, preserve the flavor and guarantee that customers received the correct amount of tea. Lipton's enterprising and innovative spirit earned him the title of "Sir Tea" throughout the world. Today, the Lipton name is still synonymous with tea, and with Sir Thomas' principle: the highest quality at a fair price. That's why Sir Thomas’ likeness appears on every box of Lipton's "BRISK" tea bags today.

By the turn of the century, tea was indeed a beverage for the masses on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. However, in 1904, two interesting developments happened almost simultaneously that would broaden tea's appeal even more. In New York, a tea and a coffee merchant named Thomas Sullivan decided to package loose tea in small hand-sewn silk bags as an inexpensive and convenient way to distribute tea samples to his customers. To his surprise, his customers brewed the tea in the tea bags rather than removing the contents, thus giving birth to the tea bag. The Thomas J. Lipton company further improved upon this invention with the introduction of the Flo-Thru Tea Bag in 1952. With four brewing sides, rather than two, boiling water reaches the tea more easily, releasing more of the Lipton "BRISK" tea taste.

Later that year at the World's Fair in St. Louis, Richard Blechynden, a merchant of Indian tea, faced the dubious task of selling hot tea to crowds sweltering in the summer heat. In desperation, he poured his tea over ice and the cool, copper-colored beverage was an instant sensation. And the love affair with iced tea continues... Today, Americans drink 136 million cups of tea each day, and 80 percent of it is served over ice.

Answer the question.

1. When did East India Trading Company introduce tea to England?

2. Who brought tea to America?

3. Who popularized tea in America?

4. Where did Lipton start his tea business?

5. Where did he buy tea estates?

6. What title did Lipton earn?

7. What was Lipton’s principle?

Complete the sentences.

1. Lipton transported tea in ___________.

2. Lipton was the first to package tea in ___________.

3. Thomas Sullivan packaged tea in ___________.

4. The Flo-Thru Bag was introduced in ___________.

5. Richard Blechynden invented ___________.

6. Americans drink ___________.

Translate the text.

TEXT 18

Mr. Lopez is introducing a new product. Read his presentation and find the correct answer to the questions below.

PRESENTING A NEW PRODUCT

Good morning ladies and gentlemen; we haven't all met before so I'd better introduce myself. I'm Luis Lopez from the Development Department of Citrus Incorporated ... I should say before we start that I hope you'll excuse my English, I'm a little out of practice... Anyway, I'm going to be talking this morning about a new product which we are planning to launch in two months' time; its called KOOL-OUT, that's K-O-O-L dash O-U-T, and it's a lemon-flavoured drink ...

Well, I'll start with the background to the product launch; and then move on to a description of the product itself; finally, I'm going to list some of the main selling points that we should emphasize in the advertising and sales campaign. I think if you don't mind, we'll leave questions to the end ...

Now firstly, as you all know, we have had a gap in our soft-drink product range for the last two years; we have been manufacturing mixed-fruit drinks and orange drinks tor the last ten years, but we stopped producing lemonade two years ago; I think we all agreed that there was room on the market for a completely new lemon-flavoured drink ... Secondly, the market research indicated that more and more consumers are using soft drinks as mixers with alcohol so, in other words, the market itself has expanded. This brings me to my next point which is that we have a rather new customer-profile in mind; I must emphasize that this product is aimed at the young-professional, high-income, market and not the traditional consumer of old-fashioned lemonade. At this point we must consider the importance of packaging and design, and if you look at the video in a moment, you'll see that we have completely гe-vamped the container itself as well as the label and slogan . . . Now to digress for just a moment, the more sophisticated packaging means a high unit cost, and this may be a problem in the selling area, but we'll have a chance to discuss that aspect later ... so... to go back to my earlier point, this is a totally new concept as far as Citrus Incorporated are concerned; as you see we are using both the new-size glass bottle and the miniature metal cans. Finally, let's look at the major attractions of the product. In spite of the higher price it will compete well with existing brands; the design is more modern than any of the current rival products, and incidentally the flavour is more realistic and natural ... it's low calorie, too.

O.K., so just before closing, I'd like to summarize my main points again ... We have KOOL-OUT, a new design concept, aimed at a relatively new age and income group; it's designed to be consumed on its own, as a soft drink, or to be used as a mixer in alcohol-based drinks and cocktails. It comes in both bottle and can and this will mean a slightly higher selling price than we are used to; but the improved flavour and the package design should give us a real advantage in today's market... Well, that's all I have today for the moment, thank you for listening, now if there are any questions, I'll be happy to answer them...