US Fears Russian Problem in Kosovo

By ROBERT BURNS

June 14, 1999

WASHINGTON (AP) - U.S. officials are concerned that confusion over Russia's role in postwar Kosovo could undermine NATO's effort to take an evenhanded approach to emptying the province of Serb troops and securing the return of ethnic Albanian refugees to their shattered villages.

NATO's plan, based on Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic's agreement to withdraw his military and allow an international force into Kosovo as peacekeepers, now must be adjusted to account for Russia's surprise decision to put troops into Kosovo without coordinating with the Western alliance.

``We have to make sure that this agreement stands, and it cannot stand if there is going to be a posture struck by the Russians that they are there to defend the Serb population against the Kosovars,'' Defense Secretary William Cohen said Sunday.

Russia has traditional ties to the Serbs, who are a minority in Kosovo. The ethnic Albanians in the province endured months of violent expulsions by Serb army troops and special police, resulting in hundreds of thousands fleeing into neighboring Macedonia and Albania, where they await NATO's signal to return.

Cohen and other Clinton administration officials said they welcome Russian participation in the peacekeeping force for Kosovo, known as KFOR, but they stressed that the Russians must not act unilaterally.

``If they are part of (KFOR), then we can manage whatever their affections or affiliations might be with the Serbs,'' Cohen said on CNN's ``Late Edition.'' He said the administration was surprised and disappointed the Russian troops entered Kosovo ahead of NATO despite an agreement not to.

Cohen and other administration officials spoke optimistically of resolving the Russia issue. They reported progress on an arrangement that would allow the Russian military to play a peacekeeping role without undermining NATO control, possibly using the Bosnia peacekeeping operation as a model.

President Clinton and Russian President Boris Yeltsin, in an hour-long telephone conversation Sunday, agreed their generals should work out a role for the first 200 or so Russian troops that already are in Kosovo while talks continue on command arrangements for a larger Russian contingent, White House spokesman Mike Hammer said.

The lead Russian troops arrived Saturday in the Kosovo capital of Pristina ahead of alliance forces. On Sunday, the Russians blocked NATO from reinforcing British troops at the airport.

In Moscow, Deputy Secretary of State Strobe Talbott said the United States was considering giving the Russians ``a zone of responsibility'' under NATO command. After a third day of talks Sunday, Talbott left for Washington.

An administration official, speaking on condition of anonymity, said U.S. and Russian officials had worked out a ``framework'' for agreement that would enable the Russian troops to participate in Kosovo. Details were still being negotiated.

Clinton and Yeltsin planned to talk again today.

The first of about 400 American paratroopers from the 82nd Airborne Division crossed into Kosovo from Macedonia to join the peacekeeping operation Sunday, accompanied by tanks and Bradley armored vehicles, Pentagon officials said.

Marines entered Kosovo this morning, with the U.S. contingent eventually totaling 7,000 of the 50,000 NATO peacekeepers.

U.S. forces will patrol a section of southeastern Kosovo. Other sections will be under the control of NATO members Germany, Italy, France and Britain.

The Russians had not yet accepted NATO's basic requirement for a single command, Cohen said. But he was optimistic an arrangement would be made, perhaps similar to the one used by Russia and NATO in Bosnia. Russian troops in Bosnia are integrated with NATO forces but take orders from a Russian officer.

Vice President Al Gore told CBS Radio on Sunday "it would be a mistake to overdramatize'' the Russia problem, but he conceded that it was a "`step back'' on Russia's path to democracy.

"Russia's going through a period of change right now and as you know there are differing voices inside Moscow,'' Gore said. "Overall, they're in a pattern that is best described by the old clichИ, 'One step forward, two steps back.' Of course, when they take the one step back, that always causes concern.''

As NATO troops moved into Kosovo, Serb forces continued to leave under the terms of an agreement reached last week. Secretary of State Madeleine Albright said on NBC's "Meet the Press'' that some 11,000 Serb army and police personnel had left Kosovo - about one-fourth of the estimated 40,000 that were there last week.

All Serb forces are to be gone by next Sunday.

(Manual)

1. Download a piece of Web authoring software - 20 minutes.

2. Think about what you want to write on your Web page - 6 weeks.

3. Download the same piece of Web authoring software, because they have released 3 new versions since the first time you downloaded it - 20 minutes.

4. Decide to just steal some images and awards to put on your site - 1 minute.

5. Visit sites to find images and awards, find 5 of them that you like - 4 days.

6. Run setup of your Web authoring software. After it fails, download it again - 25 minutes.

7. Run setup again, boot the software, click all toolbar buttons to see what they do – 15 minutes.

8. View the source of others' pages, steal some, change a few words here and there - 4 hours.

9. Preview your Web page using the Web Authoring software - 1 minute.

10. Try to horizontally line up two related images - 6 hours.

11. Remove one of the images - 10 seconds.

12. Set the text's font color to the same color as your background, wonder why all your text is gone - 4 hours.

13. Download a counter from your ISP - 4 minutes.

14. Try to figure out why your counter reads "You are visitor number -16.3E10" - 3 hours.

15. Put 4 blank lines between two lines of text - 8 hours.

16. Fine-tune the text, then prepare to load your Web page on your ISP – 40 minutes.

17. Accidentally delete your complete web page - 1 second.

18. Recreate your web page - 2 days.

19. Try to figure out how to load your Web page onto your ISP's server – 3 weeks.

20. Call a patient friend to find out about FTP - 30 minutes.

21. Download FTP software - 10 minutes.

22. Call your friend again - 15 minutes.

23. Upload your web page to your ISP's server - 10 minutes.

24. Connect to your site on the web - 1 minute.

25. Repeat any and all of the previous steps - eternity.

The little boy greeted his grandmother with a hug and said, "I'm so happy to see you grandma. Now maybe daddy will do the trick he has been promising us."

The grandmother was curious. "What trick is that my dear," she asked.

The little boy replied, "I heard daddy tell mommy that he would climb thewalls if you came to visit us again."

II-4 Неличные формы глагола

Наряду с личными формами в английском языке существуют неличные формы глагола: герундий, причастие, инфинитив.

Неличные формы глагола отличаются от личных форм прежде всего тем, что они не имеют категорий лица, числа и наклонения.

Не выражая лица и числа, герундий, причастие и инфинитив не могут согласовываться с подлежащим и, следовательно, самостоятельно никогда не выступают в функции простого сказуемого.

Другой общей особенностью неличных форм является то, что категория времени у них имеет относительный характер, т.е. их временные отличия приобретают значение лишь в сопоставлении со временем личной формы (сказуемого) данного предложения.

В результате особенностей своего возникновения и исторического развития неличные формы глагола близко соприкасаются с неглагольными категориями и обнаруживают тесную связь: герундий и инфинитив - с существительным, а причастие - с прилагательным.

Рассмотрим более подробно в сравнительном плане особенности неличных форм и способы их перевода.II-4.1 Сопоставление форм с окончанием на -ing

Из числа упомянутых выше неличных форм глагола две формы герундий и причастие I имеют одинаковое окончание -ing. Это обстоятельство осложняется тем, что окончание -ing характерно и для третьей грамматической категории - отглагольного существительного.

Таким образом, к числу форм оканчивающихся на -ing относятся:

Герундий (Gerund):Voltmeters are used for measuring voltages. Вольтметры применяются для измерения напряжения.

Причастие I (Present Participle)Measuring voltage we use voltmeters. Измеряя напряжение, мы пользуемся вольтметром.

Отглагольное существительное (Verbal Noun):The measuring of voltage is effected by means of voltmeters. Измерение напряжения осуществляется при помощи вольтметра.

Такая грамматическая омонимичность ставит перед переводчиком задачу правильно установить в предложении функцию формы с окончанием -ing с тем, чтобы дать соответствующий перевод.II-4.2