Раздел З. УПРАЖНЕНИЯ НА ЛЕКСИЧЕСКИЕ И ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЕ ТРУДНОСТИ

(Псевдопростые слова и грамматические формы)

1. The results of the two experiments seem to indicate that isomerization did take place.

2. The equations will be derived on a statistical basis.

3. During the Great Patriotic War our women replaced men at the factories, the latter having gone to the front.

4. The article to be translated is available at any library.

5. The scientists and engineers of many countries are known to be busy constructing a man-made satellite, but it is the Soviet Union that has first launched it into the space.

6. The speaker discussed many problems said to be extremely important for designing, constructing and handling new types of machines.

7. There are few papers dealing with this subject.

8. The main component was quasi-diploid, with only a few departures from the normal diploid karyotype.

9. This demonstration is the more convincing the greater the variety of adsorbate vapors.

10. ВALB mice generally did not experience a fulminant toxe-mic death but became progressively ill and finally expired. Fe­males of the ВALB strain were somewhat more resistant to infec­tion than males.

11. Thus the non-sweating skin could be thought of as a semi-permeable water barrier which follows the osmotic pressure rela­tionships with water passing inward or outward depending on solute concentrations, vapor pressures and temperatures.

12. These poles must have existed in the original magnet.

13. A new, nonflammable inhalation anesthetic has been pro­duced from a fluorine compound once considered too unstable to be of value.

14. Many flying balloons are reported to have been observed in the air.

15. The building of the house is reported to be finished by the end of this month.

16. The author of the paper claims to have been the first to arrive at such a conclusion.

17. Such minerals are likely to occur in some other places as well, the probability of discovering them being however limited to certain areas.

18. The signal cannot be guaranteed to be of sufficient ampli­tude.

19. When man is heated to an unusual degree, a marked va-sodilatation takes place over and above that which is normally observed.

20. For a system to be in complete equilibrium, it is necessary that there be mechanical equilibrium.

21. This substance reacts one tenth as fast as the other one.

22. This pause is sufficient for the baskets to receive their load of castings from the oscillating conveyer.

23. The coefficients in the Fokker-Planck equation are found to depend on the law of interaction.

24. The two types of models considered are not supposed to be applicable to all metals. They do represent extreme cases. Other models would be more complicated, but could be handled by simi­lar methods, the greatest complication deriving from the collision term.

25. In their treatments, the electric field is assumed to be classi­cally prescribed, although the electronic motion in the gas is treat­ed by quantum perturbation theory.

26. From the equations all but one of the unknown functions can be eliminated by successive substitutions.

27. The suggestion is both attractive and interesting but the work is not sufficiently advanced for any definite opinion of its validity to be formed.

28. The approach has three aspects, that of general theoretical principles, that of known results and conclusions, and that of the basically known, but now refined, experimental method, and the computational procedure.

29. The study of the metabolic pathways of the Morris tumor with isotope methods is in progress.

30. The tumors were allowed to grow for 12—14 days after implantation, at which times they were excised for study.

31. In addition, the weak band was noted by some workers and assigned tentatively to an additional NH absorption.

32. The above mentioned figures give us a general idea of the amount of work done during the recent years.

33. The third case to be considered concerns a ring which is flexible in its own plane. The applied force is considered to be parallel to the X axis.

34. This type has been described as relatively expensive com­pared to others.

35. It was not, however, until the sixteenth century that the blast furnace process was finally adopted in Sweden.

36. The cerium-sulfate complex ions are believed to involve sulfate ion and not bisulfate ion.

37. Admittedly channel selection could be made fully auto­matic, but the sligth advantage gained thereby hardly justifies the considerable added complication.

38. The gain-frequency characteristic is shown in Fig. 5, the high frequency cut-off being due to the stray capacitance across the anode load.

39. To date, propellers of nickel-aluminum bronze as large as 50 tons have been cast for commercial use.

40. Putting it another way, the negative potential energy of the molecule is augmented by electrostatic energy and the contri­bution is greater, the closer are the unlike charges.

41. It is noteworthy that the hydrogen bond makes it possible for electrons to travel in a circular path.

42. This explanation seems to be borne out by the absence of a pinhole when the clean, deoxidized shot was added to the mould.

43. The principle of the method discussed here is the same as for a liquid but the operation seems to be somewhat different.

44. One big advantage of in-circuit testing is that by determi­ning which transistors are good, you can concentrate on just the portion of the circuit that tests bad.

45. Our experiments have led to the tentative conclusion that these mixed solvent systems facilitate cellulose reactions.

46. The authors suggested that denaturation may have oc­curred during preparation of the gamma globulin.

47. The 2D21 thyratron has been the only component to fail in either installation. It seems to require replacement about every 4,000 to 5,000 miles.

48. No particular vibrational mode can be suggested at present which might account for this correlation which must therefore be regarded as a tentative one.

49. They regard these exercises as being too simple for them.

50. Digital memory unit for analog computers uses a mag­netic tape transport that moves the tape in small discrete steps rather than continuously.

51. The following experiment was done to determine the effect of length of exposure on the degree of receptor modification at a constant temperature.

52. Multiplication can be performed as a series of repeated additions, and division can be accomplished by repeated subtrac­tions.

53. Further evidence bearing on the correctness of a tentatively assigned electrode reaction can be secured.

54. Depression of the febrile response, particularly, may be due to toxic vasomotor disturbances rather than to an effect on pyrogen production.

55. For example for a ground plane, 0.150 by 0.020-inch strip can be substituted for two wires.

56. Figure 2. These yield curves were taken from typical pho-tocathodes rather than from the best which have been produced.

57. It is to be emphasized that these correlations are purely empirical in nature.

58. The amount of light radiated by an atomic bomb is so great that it is beyond our imagination.

59. It is in this respect actually that the theory differs from that discussed above.

60. Among other alloys under investigation are molybdenum-rhenium and niobium-zirconium.

61. The product is affected little by temperature and con­tributes little to the net effect.

62. It must be remembered, however, that in these specimens a second phase exists whose conscentration might be expected to vary with temperature.

63. It was found that the proportion of iso- to normal paraffins could be estimated with sufficient accuracy for the purpose in view by comparing the respective peak heights in the elution dia­grams.

64. The object of heating and ventilating a building is to pro­vide a healthy and pleasant home.

65. Fig. 2 is a chart of present-worth factors for annual in­come received in a lump sum at the end of each year, the interest being compounded annually.

66. We should take measures to maintain the temperature at the same level during the entire process of decomposition.

67. Cytoxan was found to have limited ability to suppress growth of established human tumors.

68. Only a few of these articles contained descriptions that appear to be similar to the findings in my cases.

69. For a reasonable degree of blackening, however, it is nec­essary for a total integrated dose of at least 50—100 mr to be received by the film. At the radiation levels here being considered this involves exposure times of 100 hours and upwards for each measurement.

70. This catalyst was regarded as affording good results and to involve no difficulties in operating.

71. Because of the large gaps in knowledge it will be necessary to make certain assumptions and these have been chosen to be as nearly in consonance with the generally accepted facts and opin­ions as is possible.

72. Incidentally, the chromatogram gave no evidence for the presence of the N-hydroxy metabolite of 2-FAA, but not much of this compound would be expected after a single dose of the car­cinogen.

73. The data revealed that plasma volumes were well above the normal range, in contrast to the levels seen in other forms of hypertension.

74. For complex dials, adhesive characters can be combined with inking — in which case the adhesive characters should be applied after the inking.

75. To-day it seems certain that a given ion does have a defi­nite mobility, one that does not change with time.

76. The above experiments confirm theory qualitatively. The discrepancy in quantitative comparisons was due to several fac­tors.

77. She was fancied to have gone away.

78. If, in time, the industry we know reaches a plateau, the potential revolution in power conversion may well give rise to another period of extraordinary growth.

79. Discussion of this work has not been considered to be with in the scope of this chapter.

80. The ideal non-linear reactor can be shown to have a theo­retical efficiency of 100% when operating in a circuit that has an infinite impedance to all harmonics other than the one desired.

81. Although systems employing a continuous sheet of film are more widely used now, for the sake of clarity, in the follow­ing descriptions the film is considered to consist of discrete ele­ments.

82. The paper read concerns the properties of some compounds obtained by our Research Institute.

83. Only those substances which can be considered as being mixtures have a depressed melting point.

84. The truth of Joule's discovery is to be found in everyday life.

85. It is a logical step to combine some of the electronic instru­mentation methods already described with a data processing and computing system.

86. Each corner is understood to be the location of carbon atom.

87. India appears to have been acquainted with iron and steel from an early age.

88. The microscope and orthicon are both selected to operate well into the ultraviolet spectrum, which means that all lenses must be quartz.

89. The silicon photocell may be used in either reverse biased operations, or in unbiased operations. In the former, it acts as a photodiode. In the latter case, its self-generated power is used.

90. This may be taken as being result of overheating.

91. In any event, current theories either empirical, or electronic do not appear to account for this result.

92. The author showed these compounds as having different structure.

93. It is these ions which actually transport the current.

94. Fig. 9. A cytoplasmic vacuole containing viral particles both free and in process of formation at its margin. When exami­ned at sufficient magnification virus on the surface of the cell was seen to be tagged with ferritin.

95. Obviously, the transformer must not only provide a 250-ohm primary tap, it must also have a secondary tap to match the voice-coil impedance — and be rated to pass 20 watts of power.

96. This method, previously mentioned as affording good re­sults, is being widely used.

97. Unit cell may contain one, two, or, occasionally, more than two layers.

98. The book known to be difficult is here.

99. This inhibition may be due to protamine binding to the sur­face of the pancreatic duct, thereby preventing protein secretion.

100. This system, since it no longer needs the error voltage to maintain the corrected frequency is not troubled by a change in signal strength or absence of signal.

101. Hercules Powder Co. is also rumored close to produc­tion, andAvisun Corp. has produced ethylene-propylene rubber in evaluation quantities, but has not disclosed its plans for full-scale production.

102. In the case of feeble magnets the magnetic field is so weak that it may be considered confined to a small region near the magnet.

103. After impact, the bars are assumed to act as a single solid infinite bar with the resulting disturbances travelling in both the positive and negative directions from the origin.

104. This hydrolysis is taken to proceed following the above scheme.

105. Promising additional elements considered for ternary systems were aluminum, silicon and carbon, which were expected to form the compounds UAl2,U3Si and UC, respectively.

106. The first step in obtaining oil is to find its field.

107. In the studies to be described, I unit of bacteria represented 0.5 ml of the stock preparation.

108. With this provision, the system can be expected to give a good base-line stability.

109. One may assume the information to be correct.

110. Since the high fluid level could have been caused by down-hole-equipment leaks, it is necessary to determine production at 80% efficiency based on the old cycle.

111. Considering the hydrolysis as being first order reaction it is possible to draw some conclusions.

112. This discrepancy, which is not important in the cal­culation being made here, is probably due to a variation in the properties of the photosurfaces and/or to experimental error.

113. The data obtained cannot be regarded as evidence of the postulated reaction for the system in greatly complicated by oth­er reactions.

114. They acknowledged the reaction to be exothermic.

115. The result applies whether or not a thick central web is present. It is to be noted that here the torsion constant is increased by 27 per cent due to the presence of the interior web material.

116. Fawsitt explains this as being due to the equilibrium be­tween urea and ammonium cyanate in aqueous solution.

117. The basic engineering concepts of straight cylindrical bearings are important in selection of bearings for steel mill ap­plications, for it is an accepted fact that the straight cylindrical bearing gives the greatest radial load carrying capacity for a given annulus of any antifriction bearing available.

118. The FAE determination disclosed higher content of fatty acid in endotoxins than could be accounted for by either the «li-pid W» or «lipid A» determinations. Lipid A has been reported to contain only about 50 per cent of fatty acids.

119. The problem to be solved at this stage is an entirely geo­metric one.

120. This equation is readily seen to be of the same form as Eq. (14).

121. It is not claimed that this is really what happens in the practical case, but these figures can be used to indicate to what extent the small-signal theory is reliable.

122. The experiment that is being conducted is of great inte­rest and is thought of as being highly promising.

123. This article must have been translated from Russian into English.

124. This picture is useful but it can hardly be said to account completely for the remarkable properties of rubber.

125. The presence of the RFLS in hyperimmune sera of any type would be expected to participate in quantitative precipitin analyses, unless the antisera were first absorbed with immune precipitate from an unrelated immune system.

126. While such empirical observations may have their uses we cannot, however, expect them greatly to advance our know­ledge of fundamental combustion processes.

127. Since cholesterol is believed to be a precursor in the bio­synthesis of adrenocortical steroids, the cholesterol content of adrenal glands has been employed as an indication of their prior secretory activity.

128. The metha-phetamine dose was carefully selected to pro­vide, a moderate, but unequivocal, effect.

129. These inhomogenities are estimated to represent carbon content variations of less than 0.1 w/o from to the next.

130. To determine the correct primary impedance tap which will deliver the desired amount of power to the loudspeaker when the transformer is connected to a 70-volt transmission line, the following formula may be applied.

131. Romagnosi's experiment with the influence of a voltaic pile on a magnetic needle was interpretedby Govi (1869) as an electrostatic rather than an electromagnetic effect.

132. Svedberg has placed the limit of resolution with the light microscope as being at about 0.2 m?.

133. In view of this influence of screening, the dipole moments of the solvent molecules can be expected to be one of the impor­tant factors governing the relative magnitudes of conductances in

these systems.

134. He was afraid of the results not proving conclusive.

135. The Haber process consists in uniting two elemental ga­ses to make a compound.

136. A boy and a young man were reported to have been seen

leaving a station.

137. This suggestion cannot be considered as established.

138. The presence of the anodic wave is attributed to the un­charged species of II being oxidized in a reversible manner to III.

139. We interpret the above results as indicating a lowering of the effective pK of the adenine amino group as a result of its linkage with uridine.

140. Binding of a hydrogen ion appears to be accompanied

by a dissociation of the complex.

141. The proportion of bound lipid removed appeared to be about one-half of the total regardless of the amount present in the starting material.

142. The purpose of lighting is to provide illumination.

143. Non-hydrolytic lipid II was found consistently to possess activity of at least the same order of magnetude as that of lipid A. Its FAE content (e. g., 26.4 per cent) was similar to that prepara­tions of lipid A from aqueous ether extracts.

144. The chemist is usually inclined to regard the appearance of this product as signifying that the reaction is over.

145. The spectral distribution of the incident radiation is tak­en to be that of a black body at 5800° K in order to approximate solar radiation.

146. No line is to be seen when its intensity is predicted to be zero.

147. Unfortunately, C5 in Equation (4) is found in klystrons tc be eliminated by assumption (6).

148. Despite the foregoing evidence, the observations of Ben­nett, Petersdorf, and Keene are frequently cited as contradicting the endogenous pyrogen hypothesis.

149. Magnesium oxide is reported to be a scorch retarder and stabilizer which improves retention of properties during high tem­perature exposure.

150. Otto cycle engine. In cases where the exhaust pressure is less than the intake pressure, cycles are analyzed as for the super­charged case, the method described by Bonamy being used in preference to that by Hottel et al.

151. The geologist's first task is to locate geological conditions suitable for the existence of oil.

152. Hydergine is known to abolish the renal vasocon-stric-tion induced by epinephrine and it prevents the renal hyperemia induced by pyrogen.

153. In order to be near the mid-region of adrenal secretory capacity, the experiments to be described in the section that fol­lows were done with 0,01 unit of ACTH.

154. Boyle was the first to have a clear concept of «element», «compound» and «mixture».

155. In 1934 the statement was retracted and the degradation products declared to be devoid of significant activity.

156. Rich deposits of iron ore having been discovered, we began to build a blast furnace.

157. Distribution of chromosome number was particularly stable through 5 months of cultivation, there being little variation about the low ploid modes.

158. Hence we must consider the optimization of the noise figure anew, but now the extra requirement is that the bandwidth should not become smaller than a given value.

159. Regardless of the measure chosen, endotoxins extracted at low temperature by the aqueous ether method were found to contain less lipid than phenol-water or TCA extracts.

160. The property of plastics being superior to that of wood, the designers are believed to be working at the problem of repla­cing the latter wherever possible.

161. Having overcome all the difficulties on the way of im­proving the performances of the engine, there is every reason to believe it to replace the old one.

162. Of the numerous methods of conducting similar ex­periments to be found in literature, the following are among those which have been proved to be most useful.

163. One cannot fail to see other countries tending for mutual cooperation.

164. This rule is believed to hold good for other cases as well.

165. They are saidto have already taken necessary measures against further spreading of this infection.

166. The decline in the levels of pyridine nucleotidelinked dehydrogenases of the adrenal and the subsequent increase ran in parallel with histologic evidence of damage and repair, respec­tively to be described below.

167. Some mistakes must have been made in assembling the parts of the machine.

168. Peripheral stimulation of cold is associated with vaso-constriction and increased metabolic rate. This action can be viewed as an overriding of the effects of the central receptors by the peripheral stimulation.

169. With the isomerization preceding the reaction, the yields were very low.

170. The work on these ternary compounds was initially con­cerned with those having a cubic structure, in particular, the rock-salt and zinchlende types.

171. We know the first central electric power-stations to have been built for the supply of electric light.

172. The above formula is for a column operating under total reflux, that is, with no distillate being removed.

173. The reaction was feared to take a different course.

174. Eighty-five per cent hendecanol — 15 per cent liquid paraffin thus gives a reasonable, if somewhat involved separation of the nitrogen bases.

175. Only 2 species, common ragweed and cocklebur of 100 or more Ambrosiaceae of North America are reported as having been introduced into Japan.

176. The loss of area is believed due to a filling or blocking off of catalyst pores.

177. It is usual for any new device to be preceded by other related devices. This tachometer, for example, bears some resem­blance to a miniature Van de Graaff generator.

178. Included in this paper are the calculations which will permit a correction for direction of stress.

179. However, a component of the stress gradient vector would then be required to be introduced into the z component of the equation of motion, unless other considerations show it to be neg­ligible.

180. With the experiments having been carried out, we started new investigations.

181. As with most research, the electrophysiological in­vestigation of learning has raised more questions than it has an­swered. From the mass of experimental data new conceptual prob­lems have emerged. Some random examples may be briefly noted.

182. Whatever the nature of the metal, the slower the rate of cooling the larger will be the size of the crystals after solidifica­tion.

183. Eq. (22) is simply a rearrangement of Eq. (20), with sum­mation substituted for integration.

184. Balancing is done by adjusting the position of rods.

185. As shown by Weart and Mack, a normal eutectic has three definite structures: the grain structure, the colony structure, and the eutectic mixture structure, each being contained in the one preceding it.

186. The number of electrons per square metre of surface be­tween the plasma and the vacuum is estimated from the average lifetime and the flux to be as follows.

187. To summarize the findings of this tremendous work would require many pages.

188. As the tabulated data and calculated results are vo­luminous, 98 extractions in all being involved, we have chosen simply to describe the manner in which the computation was made and show the calculated distribution coefficient.

189. The angle V between the acute bisectrix and either optic axis was measured to be 1.3° for the bulk crystal specimen B.

190. The boiling point of the fractions assumed pure cor­responded to the boiling points of known pure materials.

191. There are unmistakable proofs of Pauling's having been

wrong.

192. It is necessary to ensure that the preliminary reaction is

essentially complete.

193. When purchasing a line-matching transformer, the fol­lowing considerations have to be examined.

194. Because of the way we must collect the facts, the survey of generating plants does not include all current programs, nor does it contain only current plant construction.

195. Alarge number of ternary compounds have been exami­ned, and of these AgSbTe2, with the rock-salt structure was found to be the most promising for power generation.

196. While this procedure necessarily reduces the precision of the data, nevertheless the precision appears adequate to establish the kinetics with reasonable assurance.

197. For the present we shall consider only diffusion and the rate of the electrochemical reaction as controlling factors.

198. One cannot expect a complicated problem like that of using solar energy to be solved in a year or so.

199. The extra stress due to the presence of a magnetic field discontinuity at the surface of a plasma treated as a compressible dissipationless conductor is found to be expressible as an equiva­lent body force.

200. No cells of this type were observed in the parental popu­lation, and the component appears to have arisen during the clo­ning operation.

201. At this point the writer finds it desirable to change to a coordinate system which is more convenient than the one used in Reference.

261. This is too often the case in inorganic 'ion' analysis.

262. For the estimations use will be made of a hypothetical reference model.

263. There are very few people, if any, who follow this old method.

264. For contact to occur along the length of a particle the water film must recede in a time of about I msec.

265. What criteria should be used before labeling a patient as having porphyria?

266. These two substances are known to be so muct alike that one should find some difficulty in telling one substance from an­other.

267. If you had followed the procedure described, the ex­periment would have been a success.

268. About a 2% increase in the phasic discharge above the background or static firing levels would be perceived as warmth and a change of 6% above the background level perceived as cold.

269. Kekule conceived valence as being a property of atoms and to be a constant for each element.

270. The diagnostic criteria in primary aldosteronism have changed little since the classic description by Conn.

271. This phenomenon is the more pronounced the more non-homogeneous the metal.

272. In fact the best yield of XIII (57%) was obtained under these conditions, the yield of VIII being only 12%.

273. It is this kind of investigation and presentation of results that can be invaluable in pointing the direction for future deve­lopment of the whole industry.

274. Of the temperatures and pressures occuring in an internal combustion engine, those that are likely to be of most interest to the designer or research worker occur immediately after combus­tion: that is, they are the peak values.

275. Removal of the protective group gave a 3-monoketone characterized as having the 5-configuration by the rotatory dis­persion curve.

276. I did not know of her having been ill. 277. This causes the metal diaphragm to move back and forth, thereby setting up sound waves.

278. This reaction can be considered as being of great impor­tance.

279. The explanation lies in the product being more stable.

280. Alcohol, well established to increase the risk of cancer in the upper alimentary tract, has been but little studied.

281. The satellite is in a 100 per cent sun-time orbit with the transmitter assembly located on the sun side of the satellite nor­mal to the sun vector.

282. For convenience in the design of the panels, connexions are made in pairs, the input plug having three pins, and being attached to two single pin output plugs.

283. The ionic character of the bonds in SiF. and SuF, is calculated to be approximately the same.

284. It is hydrogen, one of the elements composing water, that attracts the attentionof scientists in the whole world.

285. Probably the first indication of there being more than one kind of fluid motion was obtained from the appearance of the free surface of flowing water.

286. Previously the only way of effecting the reaction in satu­rated compounds was by heating with concentrated sulphuric acid.

287. This was followed by an infrared analysis of the sodium chloride formed, which contained the sodium monoxide impurity.

288. If you run into a wide-band detector that is badly mis­aligned, the safest thing is to obtain the service manual and align the detector as recommended.

289. There are a few papers dealing with this subject.

290. X can be shown as containing admixtures.

291. Samples of several human and horse sera were incubated for 24 hours at 37° C with streptococcal extract in a dilution (1:200) known to provide a high degree of opalescence.

292. Y is taken as indicating a new route to this compound.-

293. Uniform composition is said to make the organic ma­terial desirable as a coating for the steel pipe. High solid content causes it to set rapidly.

294. However useful it may be, it cannot be employed to ad­vantage unless it can be obtained in adequate quantities and at

reasonable price.

295. To be particularly considered are the following reaction mechanisms.

296. Hence, it is necessary to specify the solvent when spea­king of a certain optical isomer as being the d-isomer orl-isomer.

297. The time necessary for the sun to move a complete circle around the galactic center is some 200 million years.

298. We think of X as being a straight line.

299. This addendum may well be considered as a supplement to the original communication.

300. In any case, it is questionable whether with small samples extreme uniformity should be a basis for making data suspect.

301. It is probable that the coordination number of the magne­sium ion is somewhat less than that of the other ions of the alka­line earth group.

302. We had to repeat the experiment to check up the results obtained.

303. He may have to stop his experiments.

304. In general, small animals depend more on the metabolic response than do the larger animals which are more prone to de­velop greater insulation and conserve body heat.

305. He would have got all the necessary equipment if he had joined the expedition.

306. If desired, the film may be deposited in discrete elements, usually circular, by placing a suitable mask over the substrate.

307. No satisfactory formula for calculating the surface area of a particle from its diameter has been devised.

308. On some wide-band discriminators you may find only two peaks. In that case, choose the one which produces the clea­nest sound.

309. Had the checking up of the data not taken so much time, we should have completed our work long ago.

310. It is the physical property of the substance that is known to attract the attention of our scientists.

311. For example, a progesterone cream was advertised as having life giving principle because it contains a placental hor­mone.

312. It is desirable on occasions to have a group that is some­what less basic.

313. X is postulated as arising form excessive heating.

314. This method, previously mentioned as affording good results, is being widely used.

315. This type of carbonion has been observed to undergo the Stevens 1,2-shift of methyl group only at relatively high tempera­ture.

316. A rough idea of what is thought to be taking place is given by the formula below, the dotted curved arrows indicating the movement of single electrons and not of electron pairs.

317. New polyhydroxyanthraquinones were synthesized and some of them were found applicable as mordant dyes.

318. The diastereoisomers of these substances are designated by the prefixes L-allo and D-allo, the latter denoting the configu­ration of the a-carbon atom.

319. Bohn also obtained theblue dye and recognized the sub­stance as having a condensed-ring system.

320. Such groups were subdivided depending upon whether the longer or shorter chain occupies the 2-position.

321. At least three hexadecenoic acids have been stated to occur in the natural oils, which raises the question to as whether they are structurally identical or are different acids.

322. The centrifugation was continued with distilled water for the same number of times as before, the last centrifugation yield­ing in nearly all cases a dilute colloidal solution of the polymer.

323. Taking these forms for simplicity as being individuals rather than the canonical extremes of a mesomeric hydrid we get.

324. It is difficult to assess these effects numerically, but advo­cates of this interpretation consider that, with all the adverse in­fluence acting jointly, an inefficiency factor of about 107 could be understood to be present.

325. For the sake of clarity the reactions have been separated as steps, but actually are to be pictured as taking place almost simultaneously by a circulation of electrons, the intermediate sta­ges never actually becoming free as individual molecular species.

326. Although this state of NO has been predicted by Mulli-ken to be a bound state, it is considered separately because insuf­ficient spectroscopic data are available.

327. We expect the delegation to arrive in a few days.

328. He remembered to have once carried out this reaction.

329. It is a difficulty to be avoided wherever possible.

330. Steel castings are extremely difficult to machine unless annealed.

331. Hardness may be defined as the ability of a substance to resist penetration.

332. Copper to be used for tubing has high corrosion resistant qualities.

333. The process to be treated subsequently in more detail is known as ionization.

334. There is a tendency for corrosion to enter the metal along the surfaces of sliding.

335. Smith and his coworkers failed to determine this reac­tion, these authors having dealt in their investigation with com­pound B, mistakenly thought by them to be compound A.

336. Carrying out the reactions of addition of chlorine gives the corresponding esters.

337. Comparing the reactions one finds the directing action of this group to be opposite to that of other groups, the character of the former group being thereby proved.

338. Recent neutron scattering data will be seen to yield an upper limit on the following polarizability.

339. The possibility of explaining the anisotropy on the basis of scattering theory does not appear to be excluded.

340. It may appear to have been unnecessary to discuss the formula for the polarizability both by the method of optical dispersion and by the perturbation calculation which starts with Eq. (2). The reasons for outlining the reasoning are as follows.

341. The object of the paper is to describe the amplifiers.

342. Chalk is made up of the shells of little animals. They must have been tiny things, for you can only see the shells with a very strong glass.

343. In addition, both cultures were injected intracerebrally into quinea pigs, with eighteen animals used in each group.

344. All life ultimately depends on absorption of light, for it is the absorption of sunlight by the green leaves of plants which keeps the plant and animal world alive.

345. The higher the temperature of a piece of charcoal, the faster it will burn.

346. The concentration of thereactants appeared to have lit­tle effect on the amount of sulfate and radioactivity hydrolyzed by Taka-diastase.

347. The number of stars which is within the range of the na­ked eye is believed to be about 6000.

348. Our aim has been to work out general methods of synthe­sis of various compounds, starting with those involving, for exam­ple, the following radicals.

349. Spectrographic analysis provided by the laboratory showed this tin to be 99.99% pure.

350. To obtain one ton of uranium it would be necessary to quarry at least 40.000 and possibly 250.000 tons of uranium ore.

351. Two objects being at the same temperature, the average energy of motion of their molecules is the same.

352. Also included in the tentative specification is a table which lists the relative weldabilty, formability and toughness of the six proposed grades based on their respective chemical limits.

353. The question whether the atom can or cannot be split up is known to have interested scientists from ancient times.

354. The bee is an insect. This means that its body looks as if it were cut out through in two pieces. The word «insect» means «cut into».

355. One cannot expect a complicated problem like that of using solar energy to be solved in a year or so.

356. In the course of our investigation we have synthesised a great number of substances, some data being listed in Table 3.

357. It is the gravitation that makes the satellites move round

the earth.

358. Associated with the slow creep of metals at elevated tem­peratures is another general phenomenon in metals known as re­laxation.

359. Valuable as was this pioneer work, interrelation of the results was difficult because it was neither a study of the equilibri­um nor of the kinetics of the reaction.

360. Were there no loss of energy by friction, the motion would continue indefinetly once it had been started.

361. It was from the detection of otherwise unexplained lines in the solar spectrum that helium was discovered.

362. We have to mention some figures, uncertain as some of

them are.

363. Morphological studies of the tumor cells after polylysine treatment demonstrated that the plasmalemma was continuous, which indicated that cell lysis had not occurred.

364. It was considered at first that a cubical design of telescope should have been adopted.

365. The sun rotates on his axis just as the earth does, from west to east, but takes longer to complete a rotation.

366. The histologic type of a particular cancer therefore, seems to be the combined result of the relative potency of the carcino­genic action and the reactive status of the host organism.

367. The more surface the material being burnt presents to the air, the more rapidly burning takes place.

368. Three-dimensional models often contain initial stresses which one cannot evaluate until a test is completed.

369. The presence of thromboplastic substances in red cells has been confirmed in this laboratory. This activity resides in the phospholipids of the red cell ultrastructure, and appears to be due primarily to the presence of phosphatidyl serine.

370. Extremely complicated analysis does occur in quantum calculations particularly for atoms and nuclei.

371. We see from Figure 2 that magnitude is an even function of frequency and phase is an odd function of frequency, which always turns out to be the case.

372. Not only can a computer deal with calculations of many different kinds, but it can be switched rapidly from one to another.

373. Up to 1928 organis compounds were believed to be the products of vital processes only, that is the products of plant or animal organs, therefore «organic».

374. If these nucleotide-linked peptides were applied on the amino-acid analyzer it might be expected that they would beelu-ted very rapidly. Some of our unidentified peaks may well be the nucleotide peptides.

375. Petroleum being undoubtedly of organic origin, it is still a matter of some doubt whether of vegetable or animal origin.

376. The low-noise character of sky-directed antennas would be of little use were it not for the extremely low-noise microwave amplifiers which come into being just as satellite communica­tions became a possibility.

377. Power could be transmitted over several miles by a series of belts, but the loss due to friction and other causes would be so great that only a small proprotion of the power would remain to be used.

378. In order for any phenomenon to be shown visually as a function of time it is necessary that it be electrical in nature.

379. Equation 16 finds experimental confirmation over a much wider range of geometries than that for which analytical solu­tions of equation 15 are available, and may be assumed generally true for space-charge-limited discharges of the kind considered.

380. In many ways reduction resembles the action of a Grig-nard reagent, hydrogen entering the reactant molecule in place of an alkyl or aryl group.

381. A contribution of bacterial endotoxin to the development of irreversibility in experimental hemorrhagic shock has been postulated, but neither the importance of this factor nor the mecha­nism involved has been fully established.

382. The mixture of fuel and air prior to ignition is of hetero­geneous nature, with atomization, vaporization and mixing oc-curing simultaneously.

383. We have not reached conclusions regarding treatment of patients with degerated disks. It is quite evident, that establishing an exact diagnosis will allow disk degeneration to be more intel­ligently investigated and treated.

384. Some types of machine-tool equipment may be used to advantage in several of the industries, such industries not neces­sarily being similar in nature.

385. This pulse width represents the time by which the multivi­brator is running faster than 16 times the input frequency.

386. Several different types of crystal materials were tried as 4 to 2 mm. converters. Welded contact germanium diodes, opera­ting essentially as non-linear resistors, offered the best efficiency.

387. The study of single electrical circuits does not seem to have given rise to large-scale automatic computation to the ex­tent that one might expect.

388. Care should be exercised not to run the collector current so high as to exceed the transistors maximum power dissipation of 75 milliwatts. It is best to operate the transistor at a level of 50 mw. or less, this should provide a sufficient margin of safety.

389. The result of a computation is said to involve error if the result differs by only a small percentage from the solution.

390. If the Telstar satellite had been built using the state-of-the-art of a decade ago it would have been a very different satellite.

391. The results presented in Tables 1, 2, 4 and 5 and Charts 1 and 2 may appear surprising in that they indicate that S-180 and Ca-755 are approximately equal in their response to an equal degree of induced host weight difference between adlibitum con­trol and starved animals.

392. It was the need for large-scale ballistic computations during World War II which gave rise to the development of elec­tronic computers.

393. Incorporation of a drag or a chemical does not only serve the purpose of effective advertising but is also an excellent pretext to boost the price of a preparation, and to sell a jar of cosmetics for several dollars when it has a few pennies worth of material in it.

394. The theory of operation is as follows: the r. f. current in the aerial feeder induces currents to flow in the secondary windings of T1 which in turn develop voltages V1 and V3 across R1 and R2

395. An analysis is said to be complete or partial depending on whether all or only a part of the constituents are determined.

396. The boundary conditions on stress are assumed to hold rigorously. That is, Eq. (18) applies where the ring and cylinder meet. If there were another ring attached to the other end of the cylinder, a similar boundary condition would apply there.

397. One may, on the other hand, regard the technique of using deviations as a revolutionary innovation which streamlines all network and transistor calculations by placing a powerful new mathematical tool in the hands of the circuit designer.

398. The experimental errors for the phase-velocity mea­surements are estimated to be about ± 5% over the entire frequen­cy range.

399. When the molecules of even a good insulator are acted upon by an electric field, there is a motion of electrons due to this field.

400. Consider a plane-parallel converter diode where both ions and electrons are emitted with Maxwellian velocity distribu­tion from one electrode and are collected by the other.

401. In agreement with the theory, we found the phase veloci­ty to depend only slightly on frequency.

402. Some of the ancients held that matter was composed of atoms. Still they can hardly be said to have formulated a true scientific theory.

403. An absence of glucose-6-phosphatase has also been re­ported in the Novikoff hepatoma by Weber and Cantero. It has, however, been shown to be present in the transplanted hepatoma originally induced by chrysoidin.

404. The amount observed in the sulfate fraction in the present study, about 20 per cent, seems closer to the actual value, al­though evidence adduced by chromatography can be interpreted to mean that a portion of this fraction consists ofmetabolites of 2-FAA other than sulfates.

405. The range of application of gas chromatography is wide and most substances boiling under 300° C can be dealt with readily.

406. It must be emphasized that the unquivocal differentiation of myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism requires that serial measurements of the 3 parameters be started within 2 days after the onset of symptoms.

407. Coupled with the phenomenon of growth of population is the constantly increasing annual kilowatt hour usage per capita.

408. Although a variety of factors, in addition to virus, have been recognized as being important in the pathogenesis of cancer only limited information is available which serves to characte­rize the initial stages of the leukemic process.

409. The analytical results for the random error chanel are shown to agree closely with experimental data.

410. As in liquids, the atmospheric pressure at any given point is equal in all directions but we know it to decrease as altitude

increases.

411. In contrast, all that is required at the outer, or inflow, boundary is that the gas flowing into the vortex has the same w was that leaving, namely, w . It is neither necessary nor in gene­ral possible for the value of w in the vortex adjacent to the inflow boundary to equal wc.

412. It was originally thought that the cracking was solely caused by the solvent, since the use of a forced air draught over the joint to accelerate evaporation was found to be beneficial, but the results of tests were inconsistent and attention was directed to the tubing itself.

413. The performance of both amplifiers compares favourably with the best that have been made to date.

414. We know amoving magnet to be able to induce a current in a wire, the effect being especially pronounced if the wire were in the form of a coil.

415. There is an increase in arterial and venous blood pres­sure when healthy individuals are exposed to cold which may be associated with little or no change in pulse rate.

416. Solar installations have been reported to exist in many countries. some of these installations seem to be used primarily for experimental purposes.

417. On this view the constitution of the kation of the coloured salts is that of a free radical, there being one less electron than is needed for a compound of normal valency.

418. There appears to be little doubt that if financing can be arranged by a third party, cable links will prove to be viable and a sound investment.

419. In order to make the satellite a whole number of highly involved scientific and engineering problems had to be solved.

420. It is worth noting that the rate of return for this project is virtually the same for annual and continuous compounding.

421. The use of amplification makes possible the satisfactory-reception of signals from waves that would otherwise be too weak to give an audible response.

422. All but one of the units are placed within goldplated cop­per screening cans, the exception being the heater shunt and fuse assembly attached to the amplifier.

423. It is customary in calculating the moment of inertia of a molecule to assume each atom has the proper number of electrons to make it neutral and that the entire mass of the atom is concen­trated at a point.

424. On the other hand, tissues such as adult rat brain and muscle, which do not form fatty acids from glucose to any extent, appear to utilize this hexose solely via the Emb-den-Meyerhof pathway.

425. Evidently, a fuel with a lower ignition temperature, all other conditions being equal, will ignite more quickly than one with higher ignition temperature.

426. The purity of an organic compound may be judged by the determination of various physical constants, such as the spe­cific gravity, crystal form, or index of refraction.

427. Schuster concluded that the structures accounted for the properties of the intermediates, particularly their conversion in acid into a racyl derivatives.

428. The chief power of magnet to attract or repel is con­centrated at certain poles — located at the ends of far magnet — one being known as a north pole and the other as south pole.

429. Results thus far obtained do suggest,however, that this novel approach may lead to definite advantages over the estab­lished techniques of laboratory abrasion testing.

430. The foreign matter such as sulphur and iron, which are found in coals to a varying degree, may have been due to the presence of minerals containing these elements in their neigh­bourhood.

431. The feedback current is removed when H or L releases: this causes relay S to re-operate and the cycle to repeat, until the current in S due to the phase discriminator is less than that re­quired to operate relay.

432. There is quite a difference of opinion as to the most prac­ticable space velocity. There are many considerations to be taken into account in determining space velocity.

433. Unless other conditions are stated specifically, we shall use the term «state» to represent an equilibrium state.

434. Such structural changes as may take place in various metals and alloys when in service over an extended period of time, can hardly be expected to take place in the brief periods employed

in our tests.

435. The authors stated that occipital units bad been studied but the data have not yet been reported. In any event the implica­tion is clear that sensory or association areas are more likely to be crucial. Considerable support for this assumption has been derived from experiments using agencies causing localized inter­ference with normal neuronal function.

436. If the equations connecting a number of variables con- tain all the variables to the first power only (or if the equations are

differential equations and contain successive differential coeffi­cients to the first power only) they are said to be linear.

437. Belts were used to handle the pipe during installation. Coating repair was said to be minimized because little or no dama-ge was incurred in handling, storage, transportation and instal- lation.

Buttwelded pipe joints were x-rayed to insure sound welds. The coating is said to resist charring at welding temperatures well enough to limit cutback areas at pipe ends to 2 in.

438. Mass-production techniques — notably the highly mecha­nized production line with the automatic transfer of material from one machine to another — are now well established in a number of industries, motor-car manufacture being perhaps the best known case.

439. It should be kept in mind that tissue culture media cannot be expected to reproduce exactly the conditions of the in vivo environment. It follows that certain variants will be selected and that stable populations even of cytologically diploid cells should be suspected of being genetically diverse and different from the cells of origin.

440. In the pretreated mice, the tumor was accepted in 15 per cent of the cases as compared with 56 per cent of the control mice. In neither Prehn's nor Pevesz's experiments did the pretreatment with normal tissue affect the resistance. In addition, the «immune» mice accepted the skin graft from the tumore donor.

441. We know the transformer to be a device designed for changing the alternating current voltage by means of magnetic induction, the frequency remaining unchanged.

442. The prevailing concept considers cancers as biologic manifestations which develop in response to carcinogenic stimuli and which assume, once produced, complete biologic indepen­dence from the causal agent, thereby becoming disease entities per se.

443. For drilling or tapping units, for which high speeds are required, provision is made for taking drive from the pinion shaft in the main transmission, to enable a step-up ratio of 3:1 to be obtained. A facing head can also be supplied, for securing to the nose of the milling sleeve.

444. During the past ten years travelling-wave tubes have re­ceived considerable attention in vacuum tube laboratories, both in this country and abroad. So far their use in operating systems has been somewhat limited, the most notable exceptions being in radio relay service in France, Great Britain, and Japan.

445. A novel method by means of which it has been possible to convert heat directly into electromagnetic energy is based upon operating a thermionic plasma diode in a particular mode of ope­ration and to present some of the experimental results.

446. Speed and direction are both equally difficult to measure and so the available tolerance will be divided equally between these two giving respectively tolerances of 10 m/s and 0.003 radians.

447. Although few data could be obtained, this phenomenon is further shown by the virtual absence of temperature effects on the Walden product, the values obtained at 45° from limiting equivalend conductances in tri-p-totyl phosphite being almost iden­tical with those at 65°.

448. Experimental physics prior to 1900 had demonstrated the exsitance of a wide variety of phenomena, which for the most part were believed to be explicable in terms of what we now call classical theoretical physics.

449. This is a theoretical argument, but if a device is rated for a particular dissipation and a particular peak current maximum, then provided the external circuit conditions are adjusted to pre­vent these maxima being exceeded, it would seem immaterial whether the current were switched on by gate action, or by anode breakover effect.

450. Thus variation in and between sister clone populations may be attributed to the cloning procedure itself as well as the selection of preexisting variants in the parental population. This makes it necessary that clone populations be checked for unifor­mity as they arise. It should not be assumed that a population is homogeneous because it has been derived from a single cell.

451. The system error of a feedback control system subjected to an input is equal to the difference between the desired output and the actual output, with the former being specified and the latter to be computed.

452. Only in the cases of primary aldosteronism were changes in serum potassium levels observed after spironolactone treat­ment. These observations are similar to previous reports. The chages in Patient 8, a control subject, are of particular signifi­cance in that, during a period of mild hypokalemia while urinary aldosterone level was normal, spironolactone failed to alter se­rum potassium concentration.

453. Cosmic rays have been shown to be a form of radiation similar in nature to those of radio and light and differing from

Hactb

them only in wavelength and penetrating property.

454. The manganese content of the residue was corrected for the amount combined with sulfur to obtain the percentage in the carbide. In this calculation all sulfur in the residue was assumed to be combined with manganese, and the fraction on the sulfur in the steel that is retained in the residue is based on the analysis of seven residues from each of the two steels.

455. The value of the electric moment alone does not enable one to determine the exact dimensions and geometry of the mole­cule, but it does disclose whether or not the atoms are arranged in a symmetrical way.

456. Simultaneously, the side area projected normal to the sun increases as does its average operation temperature. The com­bined effect of these area and temperature changes is shown in Table II in terms of the power output of the solar collector corre­sponding to the average operation temperatures at each value of alpha.

457. The amount of energy of any river depends upon two circumstances, its volume and its velocity. Other things being equal, the velocity is dependent upon the inclination of the river-course: the steeper the slope, the greater the velocity.

458. Even if space were available to reduce the bandwidth of this filter it would do no good because the filter delay, which contributes an appreciable part of the circuit delay, would in­crease and the frequency of oscillation would decrease, so the filter would have little effect on AM gain at the lower frequency.

459. Attention is now turned to the case of active network with the parts considered in sequence again. The definition of two models at the outset is now a major task. No longer do models necessarily bear a one to one correspondence with the physical elements.

460. The motor actuates a hydraulic valve that causes the controlling piston to move in the direction necessary for correction. If the edge of the material pushes the sensing lever to the left, for instance, the piston is made to move to the right until a zero volt­age is produced.

461. In fact, it seems to be generally the case that whenever a mechanism is provided for changing the electron-to-ion space-charge ratio, the possibility of attaining an unstable space-charge

configuration exists, which in turn would result in current oscilla­tions.

462. We know that the electrical system in an automobile and an airplane uses direct current and so do the telegraph, the tele­phone, and the train, to say nothing of laboratories requiring direct current for their experimental work.

463. In any discussion of space vehicles, whether they be of the transitory type such as missiles, or whether they be orbiting or stationary satellites, certain limitations are immediately appar­ent that do not exist with ground-based equipment.

464. The Gattermann reaction and the method explored by Bisagni, Buu-Hoi and Royer were both used for this conversion and found to give comparable yields. The latter being much the more convenient, it is now preferred.

465. When «educated neurons» can be unequivocally identi­fied the search for information storage mechanisms is likely to involve a molecular or submolecular level of organization. The study of neuronal specificity in embryogenesis may offer some analogical models on which to build appropriate hypotheses.

466. In practice the solidification of pure metals is influenced to a great extent by what may be generally described as external conditions. When solidification is not influenced by temperature gradients arising from the method of cooling all the crystals in the solid metal exhibit a marked similarity in size and shape.

467. At this point of the experimental work, however, suffi­cient evidence had been accumulated to indicate very strongly that the innate resistance of mice to the infectious agents did not depend upon whether mice were predisposed to leukemia, but was determined by other genetic factors characteristic of each strain of mice.

468. The molecules are involved in a permanent irregular motion. We call it «thermal motion», since we perceive this mo­tion as the phenomenon of heat: the faster the motion, thehotter the body, the rising temperature being simply interpreted as the increase in the kinetic energy of separate molecules.

469. The satellite provided a communication path only when it was mutually visible at the two terminal stations. On an aver­age day 6 of the satellite's 12 orbits around the earth passed through the area of mutual visibility. The average useful time per

HacTb

pass was 12 minutes, the maximum being about 16 minutes.

470. Our first experiments compared the effects of chlorproma-zine and imipramine. The results were somewhat disappointing, as both drugs were found to inhibit selfstimulation. Chloropro-mazine was about ten times more potent as an inhibitor than imi­pramine. These results coincided with published pharmacologi­cal findings.

471. The first electronic computers were designed, less than twenty years ago, for mathematical work in science and engi­neering. During the last ten years they have been applied much more widely. The point to bear in mind is that the electroniccom-puting machine, in whatever field it may be applied, is a comput­ing device.

472. Prom a rather qualitative consideration of the space-charge effects, it is apparent that the separation between the emit­ter and the collector should be of the order of 0.01 cm or smaller. The smaller the separation, the closer the actual efficiency can be expected to approach the va