XIV. Read the text and complete the sentences with the appropriate words and phrases given in the box.

FILLING A VACANCY

references	candidate	position	interview	resume
job vacancies	application	short-listed
application form	employment agencies	apply	applicant

Many people looking for a job read about the (1) ___ advertised in newspapers by companies and (2) ___. To reply to an advertisement is to (3) ___ for a job. You become a (4) ___ or an (5) ___. You write an (6) ___, or fill in the company’s (7) ___, and send it, along with your (8) ___ and a covering letter. You often have to give the names of two people who are prepared to write (9) ___ for you. If your qualifications and abilities match the (10) ___ you might be (11) ___, i. e. selected to attend an (12) ___.

XV. Speak on the topic “Applying for a Job” using the communicative scheme below.

UNIT 6

MANAGEMENT

I. Study the list of topical vocabulary to avoid the difficulties in understanding the text of this unit. Consult a dictionary to pronounce the words correctly.

Adjustment _n – приведение в соответствие

be aware of – быть осведомлённым, знать

be in charge of – руководить

be responsible for – быть ответственным за

first-line manager – руководитель низшего звена

implement _v – внедрять

matter _n – вопрос

middle manager – руководитель среднего звена

support _v – поддерживать, помогать

II. Read the international words. Say what Russian words help to guess their meaning. Make up sentences using these words.

Organizational, planning, leading, coordinating, (re-)organizing, project, effectively, mission, motivating, to lead, collection, monitoring, to accompany, risk, role, policy, productive, leader, manner, conceptual.

III. Read and translate the text, say what its main points are.

Management

Management is a set of activities connected with human, financial, material and information resources of an organization directed at achieving organizational goals.

Traditionally, the term “management” refers to the activities and often the group of people involved in the four general functions: planning, organizing, leading and coordinating resources. The four functions are highly integrated.

Planning includes identifying goals and objectives, selecting methods, examining resources needed to apply methods, determining responsibilities and dates to complete the tasks. Examples of planning in management are strategic planning, business planning, project planning, staff planning, advertising and promotion planning etc.	Controlling, or coordinating, the organization’s systems, processes and structures should lead to reaching goals and objectives. Controlling is accomplished through constant collection of feedback, monitoring and adjustment of systems, processes and structures. Controlling is accompanied by use of financial controls, policies and procedures, measures to avoid risks etc.
Leading comprises providing direction for the organization, groups and individuals and also motivating people to follow the direction. Leading is accomplished through establishing strategic direction (vision, values, mission and/or goals) and implementing methods of management to follow the direction.	Organizing resources means to achieve goals effectively. Examples are creating new departments, organizing human resources, arranging office and file systems, re-organizing business etc.

Another common view states that “management” is getting things done through others. This means that the function of management is to support employee’s efforts to be productive members of the organization or community.

To most employees, the term “management” often means the group of people – executives and managers – who are primarily responsible for making decisions in the organization.

There is a classic expression about “manager”: “Leaders do the right thing and managers do things right.” It is more usual to consider that “managers work toward the organization’s goals using its resources in an effective and efficient manner.”

Usually large organizations have different levels of managers. It is common to distinguish top managers, middle managers and first-line managers.

Top (or executive) managers are responsible for running organization as a whole. They are typically engaged in more strategic and conceptual matters, with less attention to day-to-day affairs of the business. Top-level management requires an extensive knowledge of management roles and skills. Top managers have to be very aware of external factors such as markets. Generally, they take long-term decisions and are responsible for strategic decisions.

Top managers are supported by middle managers. Middle managers are in charge of the major function or department (finance, marketing, development, production, information, personnel). They implement the policies and plans developed by top managers.

First-line managers are responsible for managing day-to-day activities of employees or a group of workers. Generally, first-line managers are to take short-term decisions.