Найдите в тексте и переведите герундии.
Вспомните отличия герундия от других слов с окончанием –ing.
| Отглагольное существительное | Герундий | Причастие I |
| The meeting began in time. – Собрание началось вовремя. | We prefer meeting in the evening. - Мы предпочитаем собираться вечером. | We saw many girls meeting the soldiers. – Мы видели много девушек, встречающих солдат. |
5. Найдите в тексте слова с предлогом per латинского происхождения. Переведите предложения с этими словосочетаниями. Прочитайте и запишите в свой словарик следующие латинские выражения:
per cent [pə'sent] (сокращ. от percentage) - процент, со ста, на сотню
per head [pə ' hed] - с человека.
per month - в месяц
per annum [pə(r)'ænəm] - в год, ежегодно
per capita [pə'kæpɪtə] - 1) на человека, на душу населения 2) в равных долях (о наследовании)
per contra [ˌpɜː'kɔntrə] - на другой стороне счета; с другой стороны
per diem [ˌpɜː'diːem] - 1. каждый день, ежедневно 2. суточные
per mensem [ˌpɜː'men(t)səm] - ежемесячно
per se [ˌpɜː'seɪ] - сам по себе, по существу
per express - экспрессом
per post - по почте
per rail - по железной дороге
as per usual - по обыкновению
as per - согласно
Определите и укажите время и залог выделенных сказуемых, переведите их, учитывая временную отнесенность.
7. Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:
1. What kind of economy has Australia got?
2. What sector is the Australian economy dominated by?
3. What exporter is Australia?
4. What can have a large impact on the Australian economy?
5. What is the government pushing for?
6. What is Australia's advantage in primary products?
7. Has the size of the manufacturing sector been decreasing or increasing for several decades?
8. What was the “long boom” period marked by?
9. What was statistically significant in this period?
10. What year is the end of the “long boom”?
11. What did the Australian Labor Party commence the economy modernization by?
Переведите текст, пользуясь словарем. Отработайте чтение текста.
Обратите внимание на произношение и значение следующих слов:
Australia [ɔs'treɪlɪə] – 1) Австралия (материк в Южном полушарии) 2) = Commonwealth of Australia - Австралия (государство, включающее в себя материк Австралия, о-в Тасмания и ряд о-вов в Тихом и Индийском океанах; столица - Канберра).
Australian [ɔs'treɪlɪən] - 1. австралийский 2. австралиец; австралийка.
France [frɑːns] – Франция (государство в Западной Европе; столица - Париж).
Germany ['ʤɜːmənɪ] - Германия (государство в Западной Европе; столица - Берлин).
Prime Minister [,praɪm'mɪnɪstə] - премьер-министр (глава правительства).
Treasurer ['trɛʒərə] – казначей (должностное лицо Министерства финансов).
9. Передайте содержание текста на русском языке.
*10. Перескажите текст на английском языке.
ECONOMY OF AUSTRALIA
Australia has a prosperous, Western-style capitalist economy, with a per capita GDP slightly higher than those of the UK, France and Germany. The Australian economy is dominated by its services sector (68% of GDP), yet it is the agricultural and mining sectors (8% of GDP combined) that account for 65% of its exports.
Rich in natural resources, Australia is a major exporter of agricultural products, particularly grains and wool, and minerals, including various metals, coal, and natural gas. A downturn in world commodity prices can thus have a large impact on the economy.
The government is pushing for increased exports of manufactured goods, but competition in international markets continues to be severe. Australia's comparative advantage in primary products is a reflection of the natural wealth of the Australian Continent and its small domestic market; 20.3 million people occupy a continent the size of the contiguous United States. The relative size of the manufacturing sector has been declining for several decades, and now accounts for just under 12 percent of GDP.
In the beginning of the Second World War till the 1970s, Australia was locked in a period of high maintained economic expansion which is now known as the “long boom”. This period is marked by large increases in the Australian population (by 80%), and little if any economic fluctuations. Despite the huge increases in the Australian population, economic growth, defined by increase in GDP per head, was still growing. It is statistically significant that in this period, the standard of living as representational of increases of GDP per capita, literally doubled. 1974 was the year which is described as the end of the ‘long boom’.
Australia's emphasis on reforms is key factor behind the continuing strength of the economy. In the 1980s, the Australian Labor Party, led by Prime Minister Bob Hawke and Treasurer Paul Keating, commenced the modernization of the Australian economy by floating the Australian dollar in 1983, leading to full financial deregulation.
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TEXT 6
ECONOMIC SECURITY