Lesson 6 MY FIRST ANATOMY LESSON
МИНИСТЕРСТВО СЕЛЬСКОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА РФ
ДЕПАРТАМЕНТ НАУЧНО-ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ
И ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
ФГОУ ВПО «САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКАЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ
АКАДЕМИЯ ВЕТЕРИНАРНОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ»
УЧЕБНО-МЕТОДИЧЕСКОЕ ПОСОБИЕ
По английскому языку
для студентов 1 курса
факультета ветеринарной медицины
САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГ
УДК: 802.0(075.8):378.619
Учебно-методическое пособие (переработанное издание) предназначено для студентов дневного отделения 1-го года обучения по специальности «Ветеринарная медицина». Оно может быть использовано и на 2 курсе как материал для пересказа устных тем. Пособие тренирует развитие навыков профессиональной речи. Каждый текст сопровождается большим количеством упражнений, направленных на усвоение лексико-грамматических основ и развитие навыков как монологического, так и диалогического высказывания. Основная грамматика закрепляется проработкой большого числа соответствующих упражнений. Пособие снабжено кратким грамматическим справочником.
Составители: Дементьева Л.Г., Разумовский О.В., Мельник И.В., Калюжная Л.М., Зебров Д.К., Форш В.Д., Чеченкова Н.В.
Рецензент
д.в.н., проф. Конопатов Ю.В.
Рекомендовано к печати методическим советом СПбГАВМ
(протокол № 3 от 25.04.11г.)
Издание дополненное и переработанное
© ФГОУ ВПО «Санкт-Петербургская государственная
академия ветеринарной медицины», 2011г.
Lesson 1 WE STUDY ENGLISH
English is a very useful language in our life. I want to know this language well. Many people study English. Is it necessary? Yes, it is.
The studying of English is not easy. There are some difficulties here. Spelling and pronunciation is quite difficult. If you study regularly, you can master the English language. You must read English books. You must repeat words and grammatical rules. Follow the explanations of the teacher!
Работа в классе по указаниям преподавателя.
Повторите по “Грамматике английского языка” следующие темы:
1. Личные и притяжательные местоимения.
2. Спряжение глаголов to be, to have, to do.
3. Вопросительные местоимения.
(См. Грамматический справочник в конце пособия)
Lesson 2 I AM A STUDENT OF THE STATE ACADEMY
OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
This year I left the secondary school. My favorite subjects were mathematics and biology. But first of all I was interested in animals and their life.
In summer I passed my entrance examinations to the Saint-Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine. The Academy is a higher medical school which trains specialists for different branches of veterinary medicine. To enter the Academy I passed entrance examinations in biology, chemistry (physics) and the Russian language. As I passed them successfully I was admitted to the Academy. Now I am a first-year student.
I study at the day department of the Academy. Besides, there are a correspondence department and an evening department in the Academy too. I entered the State Academy of Veterinary Medicine because my dream was to become a veterinary surgeon and help animals suffering from different diseases.
I am not from St. Petersburg. I am from Petrozavodsk. There is no higher veterinary institute there and I came to St.Petersburg to get a higher medical veterinary education. I decided to enter this Academy because it is one of the best higher veterinary schools not only in St.Petersburg but in the whole Russia. I have no relatives in the city and now I live in the hostel. My hostel is located on Novo-Izmaylovsky prospect. It is not very convenient and modern. But it has all the necessary facilities. There are two students in my room. They are from different towns of Russia and also came to St.Petersburg to study at our Academy. We are rather friendly and always prepare our home tasks together. And when we have free time on the week-end we often go to the cinema or theatre, exhibitions or museums or wander along the streets of the city admiring its beauty. I am very happy that I have entered the Academy. It is very interesting to study here, though not easy.
Задание 1. Прочтите и переведите вышеприведенный текст, выучите необходимые слова и выражения:
to enter the Academy - поступать в академию
entrance examination - вступительный экзамен
to be admitted to the Academy - быть принятым в академию
correspondent department - заочное отделение
infectious diseases - заразные болезни
to suffer (from) - страдать от (чего-л.), болеть (чем-л.) surgeon - хирург to decide – решать
higher education - высшее образование hostel - общежитие
to prepare - готовить, подготавливать relatives - родственники
necessary facilities - жизненно необходимые удобства
to admire - восхищаться
Задание 2. Прочитайте и выучите полное название академии,
ее отделений, клиник и кафедр.
The Saint-Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, day department, full-time department, evening department, correspondence department, the Academy’s clinics of infectious diseases, surgery and therapy, the departments (chairs) of foreign languages, anatomy, histology, physiology, microbiology, biochemistry, pathologic anatomy, feeding and nutrition, obstetrics.
Задание 3. Ответьте на вопросы словосочетаниями из текста.
1.What are you? 2. Where are you from? 3. When did you finish secondary school? 4. What kind of secondary school did you finish? 5. What were your favorite subjects at school? 6. What did you do after school?
7. When did you enter the St.Petersburg Veterinary Academy? 8. What did you do to enter the Academy? 9. What entrance examinations did you pass? 10. Was it difficult to enter the Academy? 11. Which department do you study at? 12. What departments else are there in the Academy? 13. Is there an evening department in the Academy too? 14. How many departments are there in the Academy? 15. What are they? 16. Why did you enter the Academy? 17. Have you any relatives in St. Petersburg? 18. Where do you live now? 19. Where is your hostel situated? 20. How many students live in your room? 21. What do you usually do in your free time?
Задание 4. Напишите и запомните английские эквиваленты
следующих русских словосочетаний:
первокурсник, различные заболевания, инфекционные болезни, средняя школа, вступительные экзамены, дневное отделение, заочное отделение, современное общежитие, готовить специалистов, бродить по улицам, высшее учебное заведение, вечернее отделение, любимый предмет, преподаватель, свободное время, родственник, удобное общежитие, лечить животных, страдать от болезней
Задание 5. Начните следующие предложения соответствующими словосочетаниями из текста:
1. ... and passed my entrance examinations to the Saint-Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine. 2. ... trains specialists for curative veterinary medicine. 3 ... I passed my entrance examinations on physics (chemistry), biology and the Russian language. 4. .... a first-year student. 5. ... the day department. 6.... I want to treat sick animals. 7.... in the hostel. 8. ... students in my room. 9.... free time together.
Задание 6. Заполните пропуски словами или словосочетаниями
из текста:
1. This year I passed ... examinations and was ... to the Academy.
2. Now I am a ... student. 3. I study at ... department. 4. There are ... in the Academy. 5. The Academy has an evening .... 6. I ... the Academy because I want to be a.... 7.I am from.... 8.1 have no ... in the city and now I live in the .... 9. My hostel is ... Novo-Izmaylovsky prospect.
Задание 7. Выберите необходимое по смыслу слово из тех, которые приведены в скобках:
1. This year I (entered, finished, admitted) secondary school. 2. This summer I (had, gave, passed) entrance examinations to the Saint-Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine. 3. Now I (go, study, live) at the Academy. 4. Our Academy is a special (higher, secondary, middle) medical veterinary school. 5. The Academy (makes, gives, trains) specialists for curative veterinary medicine. 6. I (passed, study, entered) the Academy because I (want, like, have) to be a veterinary surgeon.
7. Now I (sit, live, stand) in the (hotel, house, hostel), because I am not from Saint-Petersburg and have no (parents, relatives, friends) here.
Задание 8. Закончите следующие предложения словосочетаниями из текста:
1.This year I ... . 2. Now I am a .... 3. To enter the Academy I ....
4. I study at ... . 5. I entered the St-Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine because ... . 6. I am from ... . 7. Now I live in ....
8. There are two .... 9. I often spend my free time .... 10. It is very interesting to .....
Задание 9. Переведите на английский язык слова, заключенные в скобки, и прочтите все предложения.
1. I am а (первокурсник). 2. I study at the (Санкт-Петербургской государственной академии ветеринарной медицины). 3. The Academy trains (ветеринарных хирургов и инспекторов). 4. I (учусь) at the day department. 5. To enter the Academy I (сдал вступительные экзамены по биологии, химии и русскому языку). 6. I entered the Academy because (моя мама работает в клинике ветеринарным врачом) and I want to follow her. 7. (Я не из Санкт-Петербурга) I am from Bryansk. 8. Now I (живу в общежитии). 9. There are (три студента в комнате). 10. We are very friendly and (часто проводим свободное время вместе). 11. I like (читать книги), listen to music and (смотреть телевизор). 12. I (занимаюсь спортом). I (играю в волейбол).
Задание 10. Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.
This year I entered ... the Higher Veterinary School. 2. I study ... the Academy. 3. I am a first-year student ... this Academy. 4. I am not ... St.Petersburg. 5. I live ... the hostel. 6. My hostel is ...Novo-Izmaylovsky prospect. 7. ... 2010 I finished ... secondary school. 8. I studied ... school №177. 9. I was born ... Petrozavodsk. 10. I came ... St.Petersburg to enter ... the Veterinary Academy.11. ... many years ago my mother studied ... this Academy too. 12. I live ... the hostel. 13. The hostel is not far ... the Academy. 14. There are three departments... the Academy. 15. I want to help sick animals suffering ... different diseases. 16. There is no higher medical veterinary school... my native town. 17.1 live ... my relatives.
Задание 11. Расскажите о себе как о студенте ветеринарной академии, используя следующие слова и выражения:
secondary school, advanced learning of English, to enter a higher medical veterinary school , entrance examinations, evening department, day department, correspondence department, to train specialists for , to become a veterinary surgeon, veterinary inspector, curative veterinary medicine, to help sick animals, a first-year student, different diseases, to be from, to have (no) relatives, to live at home, to live in a hostel, different towns, to be friendly, free time, week-end, to go in for sports, to read books, to watch TV.
Задание 12. Выполните следующие упражнения.
Упражнение 1. Раскройте скобки, используя правильные формы глаголов "to be " (am, is, are, was, were, shall be, will be) и " to have" (have, has, had, shall have, will have) .
Now I (to be) a first-year student. Last year I (to be) not a veterinary student. A year ago I (to be) a pupil of the 11th form. We (to be) thirty in our class. Two of our form (to be) my good friends. We (to have) much time for sports, reading and fan. At school we (to have) many interesting subjects but biology (to be) my favorite subject. Now I (to be) a student of a full- time department. There (to be) 12 students in our group. We (to have) our classes five days a week. Tomorrow we (to have) three classes. We (to have) no exams in December. We (to be) veterinarians in 5 years. My friend (to be) a veterinarian in two years, because now he (to be) a third year student. Next year he (to be) twenty. He (to have) veterinary practice at the Academy’s clinic last summer. Today he (to have) a lecture on Anatomy. Anatomy and surgery (to be) his favorite subjects.
Упражнение 2. Подберите к приведённым местоимениям соответствующую форму вспомогательного глагола.
А) he (be, наст.вр.); you (do, буд. вр.); you ( have; прош.вр.); they (be, наст.вр.); she (have, прош.вр.); I (be, наст.вр. ); she (have, наст.вр.); we (do, прош.вр.); they (have, буд.вр.); he (do, наст.вр.).
В) я (be, наст.вр.); он (have, прош.вр.); мы (do, буд.вр.); вы (have, наст.вр.); она (be, буд.вр.); я (be, наст.вр.); они (have, прош.вр.); мы (be, наст.вр.); оно (do, прош.вр.); он (do, наст.вр.).
Упражнение 3. Задайте общий вопрос. Поставьте глагол в
отрицательную форму.
1. Some students live at the hostel. 2. She lives at the hostel. 3. My friend gets an increased grant. 4. Many young people care for medicine. 5. They study the functions of the organs. 6. Usually the examination session lasts for two weeks. 7. Good knowledge of veterinary surgery helps us during our practical training. 8. Prof. Smith specializes in heart diseases. 9. Some students specialize in small animal surgery. 10. She writes letters to her parents every week. 11. They write their tests well.
Упражнение 4. Используйте правильную видо-временную форму английского глагола и раскройте скобки.
1. She (plan) to enter the Veterinary Institute? 2. I (become) a veterinarian in 5 years. 3. Last week I (work) at the Institute library. 4. We (study) special subjects next year. 5. They (not live) at the hostel, they (be) from St-Petersburg. 6. She (enter) the Institute in 2010. 7. We (graduate) from the Academy in 4 years. 8. Usually the veterinarians (treat) sick animals at the clinic. 9. He (be) better now, the temperature (not increase). 10. We (have) examinations in January. 11. He ( not use) transfusion of blood when he operated on the animal. 12. They (vaccinate) the whole herd next week. 13. This cow (not give) milk, it (be) sick. 14. Soon we (vaccinate) the cattle. 15. The veterinarian (not vaccinate) the herd; the animals (be) sick. 16. These horses (become) sick last week. 17. The assistant (begin) to vaccinate the cows last Friday. 18. We (not have), a lecture in Anatomy tomorrow. 19. We (be) students and we (not treat) animals. 20. Veterinary specialists (work) in different fields of veterinary medicine. 21. Soon a large group of students (go) to the farm. 22. The doctor (come) to the clinic in an hour. It (be) 8 o'clock now.
Упражнение 5. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Выучите выделенные слова:
This is a farm. This is a dairy farm. It is large. It has 500 (five hundred) animals. In summer the animals (cows, bulls, calves) usually graze in the fields. In autumn and winter the animals stay in the barns.The farm has a large clinic. Two veterinarians work at the clinic. The vets have four assistants. In summer the animals are seldom sick, they're usually in good health. But in autumn and winterthe number of sick animalsis sometimes high. And then the vets and their assistants have much work to do.
Задание 13. Выучите следующие вопросы и ответы и расскажите о себе:
a) Who are you? What is your name?- I’m Alexander Pavlov. My first name is Alexander. Pavlov is my surname ( family name)
b) What are you? - I am a first-year student of the Saint-Petersburg Academy of Veterinary Medicine.
c) How old are you? When were you born? - I’m 18 years old. I was born in 1992.
d) When is your birthday? - My birthday is on the 20-th of December.
e) Are you Petersburgian (inhabitant of Petersburg)? Where are you from? What is your native town? - (Yes, I am.- No, I am not). I’m from Pskov. My native town is Pskov.
f) Where do you live in St. Petersburg? - I live in the hostel. – I live at home in the North of the city.
g) Have you a family? Where does your family live? With whom do you live? - Yes, I have. I live with my parents and my younger brother. I live separately (alone). My parents live in Pskov. - I live with my family (my wife, husband).
h) How many are you in the family? - We are four.
i) Have you any relatives in St. Petersburg? Have you a brother or a sister - I have an uncle (an aunt). I have an elder sister. I have a daughter (a son). I have no brothers and sisters. I am the only child in our family.
j) What are your parents? What is your father¢s occupation (specialty)? Are your parents pensioners? - My mother is a zoo technician. My father is a veterinary surgeon. My grandmother and grandfather do not work. They are pensioners, but they are still full of life and energy.
k) How many years is your sister older than you? What is her name?
- My sister is six years older than I am. My sister is six years my senior. She is 23 already. She is married and has her own family. Her name’s Kate (Catherine). She was called after our granny.
Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. What is your name? 2. How old are you? 3. Where are you from? (What is your native town?) 4. What are your parents? 8. Where do they work? 6 What are you now? 7. When did you finish secondary school? 8. What secondary school did you study at? 9. What did you do after school? 10. Why did you enter the Veterinary Academy? 11. Is it interesting for you to study at the Academy? 12. What do you usually do in your free time?
Задание 14. Прочитайте, выучите наизусть и воспроизведите следующий диалог:
Ann. How do you do, Bill! I haven't seen you for ages! Where have you been? You have disappeared completely!
Bill. Hello! I'm glad to see you too! You see, all these days I was reading for my entrance examinations.
Ann.Oh, I see. And what is the result?
Bill. I'm a student now!
Ann. Really! And what Institute did you enter?
Bill. I entered the well-known Saint-Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine.
Ann. And why did you enter it? Do you really want to be a veterinarian and treat animals?
Bill. Yes, sure, it was my dream. Besides, you know that my parents are veterinarians too and I decided to follow them.
Lesson 3 MY WORKING DAY
А.
My name is Irina Ivanova. I am a first-year student of the Saint-Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine. This year I left secondary school and passed my entrance examinations to the Academy. I passed them successfully and was admitted to the day department of the Academy. (I finished secondary school and entered a middle veterinary school or a veterinary college; I finished secondary school and began to work on a state farm and this year I passed my entrance examinations and was admitted to the Academy). I entered the Academy because I want to be a veterinary surgeon as my mother (father, grandmother) is a veterinarian and I like this profession and want to follow her (him, them). Now I study at the day department of the Academy.
Every day I get up at half past 6. Our classes begin at nine o¢clock. I live rather far from the Academy and it takes me one hour and a half to go to it. I leave for the Academy at seven o'clock. I take bus ( tram or metro ) to get to the Academy. Every day we have three or four classes; as a rule there are two lectures and two practical classes. I attend all the classes, except when I am ill. All the missed lessons are to be answered with the permission of the dean. At lectures I listen to the lecturer and take notes. The lectures are delivered by the professors or senior lecturers (docents). At practical classes I perform experiments, do laboratory works, read and translate texts, discuss different philosophical works and problems.
В.
I have many subjects to study such as anatomy, chemistry, organic chemistry, biochemistry, physiology, biology and others. My favorite subjects are anatomy and English. I like anatomy because it will be necessary for my future work as a veterinarian and I like English because it is also a necessary subject in our modern life and besides every highly qualified specialist must know at least one foreign language.
Usually my lessons are over at half past four. After the lessons I go home. Sometimes I go to the library or go to answer my missed lessons. At home I have a little rest, dinner and then do my home task. It takes me two or three hours to do my home task for the next day.
There are 12 students in my academic group. We are rather friendly and help each other in our studies. Sometimes we even spend our free time together. I must say that it is interesting to study at the Veterinary Academy, but not easy. I am often very tired when I return home in the evening. I like to study at the Academy and hope to finish it successfully in 5 years and be a good veterinary practitioner.
When I have time I like to read books, watch TV, listen to modern music or, when the weather is good, I go for a walk. I like to walk along the streets and embankments of our city and admire its beauty. On Sundays I like to sleep a little longer, visit my friends, go for a walk or stay at home and have a rest.
Задание 15. Прочтите и переведите вышеприведенный текст, выучите необходимые слова и выражения:
success - успех , successfully - успешно
to get up - вставать, подниматься
to attend classes- посещать , to miss - пропускать (занятия)
to have a rest - отдыхать
to spend time – проводить время
Задание 16. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.
1. Who are you? 2. What are you? 3. Where do you study? 4. When did you finish the secondary school? 5. When did you enter the Saint-Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine? 6. Did you work after the secondary school? 7. Did you study in the middle veterinary school? 8. Why did you enter the Academy? 9. What department do you study at? 10. When do you get up in the morning? 11. When do your classes begin? 12. When do you leave for the Academy? 13. Do you live far from the Academy? 14. How do you get to the Academy? 15. How much time does it take you to get to the Academy? 16. Do you attend all the classes? 17. How many classes do you have every day? 18. What type of classes do you have every day? 19. What do you do at lectures? 20. What do you do at practical classes? 21. What subjects do you study? 22. What is (are) you favorite subject(s)? 23. Why do you like it? 24. When are your classes usually over? 25. What do you do after the classes? 26. When do you answer your missed lessons? 27. When do you usually go home? 28. How many students are there in your group? 29. Is your group friendly? 30. When do you do your home task? 31. How much time does it take you to do your home task? 32. Do you have free time during your working days? 33. What do you do in your free time? 34. How do you usually spend your weekend?
Задание 17. Заполните пропуски соответствующими словами: 1. My friend's ... is Nick. 2. I …. the Saint-Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine this year. 3. I live .... from the Academy. 4. Our classes begin at 9 o'clock …. 5. We have to answer our ... lessons after the classes. 6. Usually I... all the lessons. 7. At lectures I ... to the lecturer and ... notes. 8. Every day I... at 7 o'clock. 9. To get to the Academy I... a bus. 10. When I have ... time I go to visit my friends. 11. It .... me 2 hours to do my home task. 12. I like to... TV in my free time. 13. All the students in our group are rather ... . 14. We... each other in our studies.
Задание 18. Назовите английский эквивалент следующих русских слов и словосочетаний:
первокурсник, читать лекции, средняя школа, проводить эксперименты, вступительные экзамены, делать лабораторные работы, сдать экзамен, любимый предмет, быть принятым в Академию современная жизнь, высококвалифицированный специалист, по крайней мере, вставать в семь часов утра, выходить из дома, довольно далеко, у меня уходит (я трачу) час, ехать на автобусе (метро), свободное время, как правило, очень уставать, идти домой, делать домашнее задание, практические занятия, возвращаться домой, плохо себя чувствовать, смотреть телевизор, слушать преподавателя, слушать музыку, писать конспекты лекций, оставаться дома
Задание 19. Заполните пропуски словосочетаниями, пользуясь для справок словосочетаниями из Задания 18.
1. I am а .... 2. I am... of the Saint-Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine. 3. This year I finished ... . 4. In summer I ... to the Saint-Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine. 6. I entered the Academy because ... . 7. ... I get up at 7 o'clock. 8. Our lessons begin at... . 9. It... to get to the Academy. 10. Every day we have ... . 11. I attend all the classes except when ... . 12. All the ... are to be answered. 13. At lectures I... and .... 14. At practical classes I ... 15. My... is microbiology. 16. I think that microbiology is a ... for a future veterinarian-practitioner. 17. Usually our lessons ... at half past four. 18. At home I.... 19. It takes me two hours to ... for the next day. 20. Our group is.... 21. Often we spend our... together. 23. In my free time I like to…
Задание 20. Выберите из скобок необходимое по смыслу слово:
1. I (learn, study, go) at the St.Petersburg Academy of Veterinary Medicine. 2. Alex is a first (student, course, year) student. 3. Professor Ivanov (teaches, learns, studies) us to care for patients. 4. Professor Ivanov (reads, gives, delivers) lectures on anatomy. 5. My friend and I (love, like, admire) to wander along the streets of the city. 6. In a month I shall (read, write, speak) for my 1-st exam. 7. Usually I (go, come, walk) home at 5 o'clock. 8. It (spends, takes, gives) me two hours to (take, do, read) my home task. 9. I'll (visit, go, come) to see you tomorrow. 10. Usually I (study, learn, teach) Latin terms in the evening before (taking, going, coming) to bed.
Задание 21. Выполните следующие упражнения:
Упражнение 1. Заполните пропуски необходимыми по смыслу местоимениями.
1.... friend's name is Nick. 2.... is a first year student. 3.... classes begin at 9 o'clock. 4. Nick studies at the Medical University. ... University is in Lev Tolstoy street. 5. ... lives far from ... Institute. 6. ... is interesting to study at ... Academy. 7. Ann is not from Saint-Petersburg, ... parents live in Vologda. 8. There are 13 students in ... academic group. 9. ... is necessary to attend all the classes. 10.... friends are from Kirishi.... live in the hostel... hostel is in Novo-Izmaylovsky prospect. 11. Usually ... friends and ... spend ... free time together.... like to walk along the streets of the city. 12. What is... favorite subject? 13. Why did... give ... book to ... ? 14.... don't know ...... ….. have seen …only once.
Упражнение 2. Поставьте глагол “to be” и “to have” в нужной форме:
1. We …… not veterinarians; we do not treat animals. 2. This year I …… many new friends, my fellow-students. 3. In five years we ….. veterinary doctors. 4. Next year we……..second-year students.5. At this moment they …. at their English classes. 6. We ….. examinations in January. 7. Usually every large city … many pet shops. 8. Pet shops always … many pet animals on sale. 9. Very often pets …… our only consolation. 10. Sometimes exotics … very interesting for observation. 11. Anatomy ….. a very interesting subject. 12. Good knowledge of Anatomy … very important.
Упражнение 3. Трансформируйте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму:
1. I shall study Histology soon. 2. Dr. Smith will treat the sick animals. He's a good specialist. 3. Prof. Smith diagnoses heart diseases. 4. We entered the Institute last summer. 5. We shall have three lectures tomorrow. 6. We want to become veterinary surgeons. 7. He will visit us on Sunday. 8. They will return in a week. They will not stay there long. 9. You will receive your grants on the 22nd of December. 10. We shall not have any exams in December. 11. The teacher asked us many questions. 12. He joined the students’ Scientific Society last year. 13. She studied English at school. 14. We shall have practical training at the end of the term. 15. She’ll write a letter to her parents tomorrow. 16. The doctor administered antibiotics in the treatment of pneumonia last month. 17. The doctor seldom administers antibiotics to the poultry. 18.He will visit us on Sunday. 19.They will return in a week. They will not stay there long. 20. During the first two years the students study pre-clinical subjects. 21. Students learn to diagnose and treat different diseases. 22.Young doctors specialize in one of the fields of medicine. 23. My fellow-student learns to carry out laboratory analyses.
Упражнение 4. Используйте правильную видо-временную форму глаголов и раскройте скобки:
1. Two weeks ago he (treat) pneumonia in a herd of cows. 2. They (continue) the experiment tomorrow. 3. Last week the veterinarian (not vaccinate) the poultry. 4. This method of treatment always (give) good effect. 5. You (become) doctors next year? 6. We (not keep) sick animals in a herd, we usually (isolate) them. 7. A month ago our group (pass) exams. 8. He (diagnose) any disease in small animals. 9. The doctor (administer) antibiotics in the treatment of pneumonia last month? 10. There (to be) an interesting discussion at the library. 11. I (not go) to the library this month. 12. You (know) her before? 13. In several months they (to get) their diplomas and (begin) to work. 14. You (care) for chemistry? 15.He (leave) home 5 minutes ago. 16. You (have) any exams in December?
Упражнение 5. Используйте правильную видо-временную форму глаголов и раскройте скобки. Переведите текст и выучите выделенные слова:
Mr. Strimple (be) a small animal practitioner. At present he (have) a clinic of his own. He (start) his clinic in 1998. And now he (have) two assistants. In a year he (plan) to have a special room to keephis patients in it. So, Mr. Strimple (be) the owner of the clinic and his assistants (be) his companions. They (take care) of animal populationin their area. Certainly, they (have) a lot of work to do. Their work (require) much time and care.
Задание 22. Прочитайте и выучите выбранный диалог:
Вob. Have you forgotten? On Fridays we always have four lessons.
Ann. Four!? And what is the last? - Bob. English.
-----------------------
Mary. Good morning , Nick, where are you going in such a hurry?
Nick. Oh, Mary! Glad to meet you. But I'm short of time, I must be in the dissecting room at 4 o'clock, we have a practical lesson there today.
Mary. It's a pity. I haven't seen you for ages and want to talk with you.
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Ken. Hello, Liz.! Where are you going?
Liz. To the department of Biology. We have a lesson there.
Ken. Is it a practical lesson or a lecture? - Liz.It's a lecture.
Ken. Do you always attend all the lectures?
Liz. Yes, I try to. But last week I was ill and did not go to the Academy.
Ken. I see. Then good luck. Bye.
Lesson 4-5
THE SAINT-PETERSBURG STATE ACADEMY
OF VETERINARY MEDICINE
А.
The city of St. Petersburg is a home of veterinary education in Russia and our Academy is one of the oldest higher veterinary schools in this country. The history of the Academy dates back to the veterinary department that was founded as a faculty of the Military Academy of Medical Surgery in 1808. The first veterinary surgeons got their certificates in 1813.
Near the Moscow Triumphal Arch, the former border of St. Petersburg, so called "The Post of Veterinary Guard" was located. The old building on the corner of Moskovsky prospect belongs until now to our Academy. The purpose of the Post was to control all the food products and animals that were brought to the city. Therefore later, as 1919 the first Veterinary Institute was established, it was located on this very place. The Institute trained highly qualified specialists in the field of veterinary for the whole Russia and other countries. In 1995 the Institute was renamed the Saint-Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine. At present the Academy is one of the most important educational, scientific and curative centers in our country.
To enter the Veterinary Academy applicants take their entrance examinations in July before the new academic year begins. Those of them who pass their entrance exams successfully are admitted to the Academy. There are six faculties in the Academy: the faculty of veterinary medicine with full- time and correspondence course of education, veterinary- sanitary expertize, bioecology, water bioresources and aquaculture, special studying, improvement of professional skill of top executives and experts. Since 2010 the Academy has an evening department. The course of training at the Academy lasts for 5 years. The first- and second- year students study pre-clinical subjects such as biology, anatomy, mathematics, microbiology, physics, chemistry, Latin and foreign languages. They also study some social subjects among which are history, philosophy and economics. Senior students study clinical subjects such as diagnostics and therapy, surgery, pathology, nervous and infectious diseases, hygiene and sanitation, feeding, epizootology, veterinary pharmacology, toxicology, obstetrics and others. Most of these subjects are necessary for the future veterinarian-practitioners. That is why it is necessary to attend all the practical classes and lectures. It is interesting to listen to the lecturers and discuss different medical or social problems. About 38 professors, more than 80 senior lecturers (docents) and scientific researchers, whose names are known not only in our country but also abroad, work at our Academy. They are busy with the development of new methods of teaching students and treating sick animals.
В.
There are about 29 departments (chairs) in the Academy, such as the departments of Anatomy, Foreign Languages, Physiology, Surgery, Hygiene, Nutrition and others. Each department has its head who is responsible for the work of the department. Head of the Academy is the Rector. He is responsible for the work of the Academy in general. Two Pro-rectors are responsible for research and academic work. They help the Rector in his functioning. Dean is the head of a faculty. He helps students in their studies. The departments of the Academy have well equipped modern laboratories where students can work after their classes. Many students carry out their first scientific investigations in such laboratories at the different departments. The students have all opportunities to master their profession. If some of them are interested in research work they can join a Student’s Scientific Society. The students get their practical knowledge in the Academy’s clinics, on farms and veterinary establishments. They work there under guidance of experienced specialists.
The Academy has a big library containing more than 300 thousand volumes of native and foreign literature. Among them there are such rare editions as "Equine Diseases" published in 1535, "Equine Anatomy" of Carlo Ruini (1603), works of Thomas Willis collected in "Animal Anatomy" (1682) and others. Students can borrow books on veterinary medicine and other subjects from the Academy’s library and they also can read for their lectures and seminars in its light reading hall.
After the course of training students get diplomas of veterinary surgeons or veterinary inspectors and begin to work on state or collective farms, at veterinary stations and bacteriological laboratories. They also may have an own clinic or work at an emergency veterinary service. The Academy has a post-graduate department in 20 specialities, and if young specialists want to continue their education, they can attend a post- graduate course.
Задание 23. Прочтите и переведите вышеприведенный текст, выучите необходимые слова и выражения:
to date back - вести начало, датировать
purpose - цель, назначение
to bring (brought) - приносить, привозить
to establish - учреждать, основывать
to rename - переименовывать
to cure - лечить, curative center - лечебный центр
to last - длиться rare - редкий
responsible - ответственный
to be equipped with... – быть оснащенным чем-л....
emergency service – служба неотложной помощи
post-graduate department - отдел аспирантуры
Задание 24. Ответьте на следующие вопросы словами или словосочетаниями из текста.
1. What does the history of the Academy date back to? 2. When was the Veterinary Institute reorganized into the St.Petersburg Academy of Veterinary Medicine? 3. What is the Academy nowadays? 4. What specialists does the Academy of Veterinary Medicine train? 5. How long is the course of training at the Academy? 6. What subjects do the first- and second- year students study? 7. What do senior students study? 8. Why is it necessary to attend lectures and practical classes? 9. What do senior students do in the clinics of the Academy? 10. Whom does the teaching staff consist of? 11. How many departments are there in the Academy? 12. Who is the head of a faculty? 13. Who is the head of the Academy? 14. What is the task of a dean? 15. What is the equipment of the departments? 16. Where students may borrow books on their specialty? 17. When do students get diplomas? 18. What kind of diplomas do the students of the Academy get? 19. Is there a post-graduate department at the Academy?
Задание 25. Назовите и запишите русские эквиваленты следующих английских слов и словосочетаний:
to establish, a society, to abolish, to undergo, to reconstitute, to reorganize, bacteriological laboratory, educational center, curative center, the course of training, pre-clinical subjects, clinical subjects, social subjects, senior students, junior students, that's why, to attend lectures, practical classes, experienced teacher, high professional level, to discuss problems, to treat patients, to head the department, well equipped, modem equipment, to graduate, all opportunities, practical knowledge, research worker, qualification, to be responsible for, volume, species, an emergency veterinary hospital .
Задание 26. Заполните пропуски необходимыми по смыслу словами или словосочетаниями.
1. The first veterinary surgery department was founded as a in …
2. Now the Saint-Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine trains ... and other specialists for veterinary medicine. 3. The ... at the Academy is five years. 4. The …. study pre-clinical subjects. 5. Senior students study .... 6. Pre-clinical subjects are ... . 7. .... include therapy, surgery and others subjects. 8. The subjects the students study at the Academy are necessary for .... . 9. To be a good specialist it is necessary to ... and practical classes. 10. ... lectures are ... by highly qualified specialists. 11. ... have sick animals as patients. 12. They ... them under the ... of the experienced veterinarians. 14. There are about 29 ..... at the Academy. 15. There are such departments as ... at the Academy. 16. The … of a department is a professor or senior lecturer . 17. ... is the head of the Academy. 18. The head of a faculty is a ... 19. Dean ... …. in their studies. 20. Graduates get …. of .... 21. They begin to work at ....
Задание 27. Переведите на английский язык часть предложения, заключенную в скобках.
1. It is necessary (посещать лекции и практические занятия) to become a good specialist. 2. The final-year students of the Academy (работают в разных ветеринарных учреждениях). 3. The Saint-Petersburg State Academy is а (крупнейший учебный и образовательный центр) not only in Saint-Petersburg but also in Russia. 4. The Academy has (около 29 кафедр). 5. The Academy (готовит специалистов разных специальностей). 6. Most of the subjects studied at the Academy are necessary for (будущей работы ветеринара). 7. (Студенты 1-го и 2-го курсов) study pre-clinical subjects. 8. Rector is (глава академии). 9. (Курс обучения в академии) lasts for 5 years. 10. (Студенты старших курсов) study (клинические дисциплины). 11. Senior students assist at (на операциях и могут оказать квалифицированную помощь). 12. (Каждую кафедру возглавляет) is a professor or (доцент). 13. All (старшекурсники) receive patients and (лечат их под руководством опытных врачей). 14. Many departments of the Academy are (хорошо оснащены современным оборудованием). 15. (После курса обучения) students get diplomas (ветеринарных хирургов и санитарных инспекторов). 16. The Academy (укомплектована высококвалифицированными специалистами). 17. Many of them (хорошо известны) not only in our country (но и за рубежом). 18. The Veterinary Institute (был восстановлен в 1919) and again reorganized into the Academy in 1995. 19. The Academy has a post-graduate department (по 20-ти специальностям) and if young specialists want to continue their education, they (могут посещать) post- graduate course during 2 years.
Задание 28. Расставьте предложения, приведенные в задании 27, в таком порядке, чтобы получился рассказ о современном состоянии академии.
Задание 29. Заполните пропуски предлогами, где это необходимо.
1. Our Academy is one ... the largest higher veterinary schools ... St.Petersburg. 2. It trains specialists ... the field ... therapy, surgery, hygiene, epidemiology etc. 3. The course ... training is ...5 years. 4. The first and second years ... training are devoted ... practical subjects. 6. Senior students study ... clinical subjects. 7. All subjects are necessary ... the future 8. It is necessary to attend... all the classes. 9. The lectures are delivered ... a high level. 10. It is interesting to listen ... the teachers and discuss different problems ... them. 11. Senior students treat patients ... the guidance ... experienced doctors. 12. Senior students have ... their practical work... the clinics ... the Academy. 13. Many departments ... the Academy have modern equipment. 15.... the course... training students get diplomas. 16. There are about 29 departments ... the Academy. 17. The chief... the department is responsible ... work ... the department ... general. 18. Pro-Rectors are responsible ... the research and academic work, they help the Rector ... the Academy... his work. 19. Graduates may attend the post-graduate course …. 2 years.
Задание 30. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык.
1. СПбГАBM - один из крупнейших учебных и лечебных центров в нашем городе. 2. Академия готовит специалистов для работы в разных областях ветеринарной медицины. 3. Курс обучения в Академии - пять лет. 4. Студенты 1 и 2 курсов изучают доклинические дисциплины. 5. Старшекурсники изучают клинические предметы.
6. Все занятия проводятся высококвалифицированными преподавателями. 7. Старшекурсники могут оказать квалифицированную помощь больным животным. 8. Студенты старших курсов получают практические знания в академических клиниках терапии, хирургии и инфекционных болезней под руководством опытных ветеринаров. 9. В Академии около 29 кафедр. 10. Многие кафедры оборудованы современными лабораториями, где студенты могут выполнять свои первые научные работы.11. У студентов есть все возможности овладеть своей специальностью.12. Если студенты интересуются исследовательской работой, они могут вступить в студенческое научное общество. 13. Каждую кафедру возглавляет профессор или доцент. 14. Во главе академии стоит ректор. 15. После курса обучения студенты получают дипломы и начинают работать в различных ветеринарных учреждениях.
Задание 31. Прочитайте следующий диалог и на его основе составьте собственный:
А. Good morning, В! Where are you going to?
В. I am going to the Veterinary Academy.
A. What for? Have you any sick pet?
B. No, I'm a student of this Academy!
A. You are, aren't you? Well and how do you like it?
B. It's wonderful. But I must say to be a student of medicine is very difficult. Sometimes I have to sit learning anatomy or Latin till late hours.
A. And how long is the course of training there? - B. It lasts for 5 years.
A. And what wil1 you beсоme after that? - В.I would like to be a surgeon.
A. Just like your father I suppose?
B. Yes, why not! Sorry, but I am short of time, I¢m in a hurry. Bye.
Задание 32. Выполните следующие упражнения.
Упражнение 1. Заполните пропуски соответствующей формой глаголов “to be” и “to have”:
1. This student _____good knowledge of Anatomy. 2. Some professors of the Academy _____ well-known in our country. 3. The students of our Academy _____ exams twice a year. 4. The Academy's library _____ many books on veterinary medicine. 5. The course of studies at our Academy ___ five years. 6. We ____ not veterinarians, we ____veterinary students. 7. He ____ not a veterinary student, he ____ a medical student. 8. I ___ a student of the St-.Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine. 9. The Academy _____ 29 departments and three research laboratories.
Упражнение 2. Поставьте правильную форму глагола и раскройте скобки:
1. This cow (to recover ) three days ago. 2. Pox (to be ) an acute infectious disease. 3. The temperature of this patient (to be) very high yesterday. 4. The veterinary surgeon (to operate) my dog tomorrow. 5. Smallpox (to be) a very severe disease. 6. The veterinarian (to examine ) my sick dog tomorrow. 7. My friend (to graduate from) the Veterinary Institute in two years. 8. This cow (to have) the symptoms of cowpox.
Упражнение 3. Задайте общий вопрос:
1. Edward Jenner discovered vaccination against smallpox. 2. This patient has a very high temperature. 3. The veterinarian will inoculate animals next week. 4. There are not many sick animals at the Institute’s clinic now.
5. Many veterinarians work in collective and state farms. 6. I shall not go to the surgery clinic with my dog next week. 7. This man had a mild form of cowpox two months ago. 8. There are manylaboratories at our Academy.
Упражнение 4. Задайте вопрос к выделенным словам:
1. Students pass examination twice a year.2. Books are on the table.3. Lectures in Anatomy will last for two years.4. We have a practical training at the end of the term.5. Fifth-year students cure the simplest cases of diseases.6. The teacher asked us many questions.7. We want to become veterinary surgeons.8. Doctor Smith treats his patients with the newest remedies. 9. Medical profession requires a real calling for it.10. Soon they'lldiagnose some diseases.
Упражнение 5. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Укажите время и залог.
1. The dates of our exams and credit tests are fixed by the Dean. 2. Clinical subjects are studied beginning from the third year. 3. The experiments will be completed in a month. 4. My friend’s dog was taken to the veterinary clinic yesterday. 5. Surgical treatment of some diseases is used. 6. The horse’s disease was diagnosed after the blood examination. 7. Loss of appetite is called anorexia. 8. On dairy farms cattle are regularly examined by vets. 9. The disease origin is not known yet. 10. The vet’s instructions will be followed strictly. 11. Tuberculosis was diagnosed in that cow. 12. Some animals were given water. 13. Patients with infectious diseases are taken to the hospital. 14. He was known as a specialist in animal hygiene. 15. Antibiotics are often used to cure infectious diseases.
Упражнение 6. Поставьте глагол в правильную форму, обращая внимание на залог.
1. The animals (to examine) by the students every day. 2. The students (to examine) the animals every day. 3. This cow (to treat) by our veterinarian last week. 4. Our veterinarian (to treat) this cow last week. 5. Penicillin injections (to use) by the veterinarian tomorrow.6. The veterinarian (to use) penicillin injections tomorrow. 7. The students (to treat) sick animals next year. 8. Sick; animals (to treat) by the students next year. 9. Infectious diseases (to cause) by microbes. 10. Microbes (to cause) infectious diseases.11. That treatment (to use) by our veterinarian last week. 12. Our veterinarian (to use) that treatment last week. 13. The animals (to operate) by our veterinarian last week. 14. Our veterinarian (to operate) the animals yesterday. 15. This disease (to cause) by a virus. 16. Viruses (to cause) many diseases. 17. The sick calves (to isolate) by the dairymen tomorrow. 18. The dairymen (to isolate) the sick calves to-morrow.
Упражнение 7. Используйте правильное английское местоимение при переводе.
1. Я like своих pets and keep их as моих companions. 2. Very often наши pets can comfort нас better than human words. 3. Они like exotics and prefer их to all other animals. 4. Его pet cat always comforts его. 5. Она has two parrots and keeps их in one cage 6. Её pet-birds are canary-birds. 7. Я like его hobby . Он keeps hamsters, guinea-pigs, mice at home. Он keeps их in cages. 8. Ты prefer своих pets to all своим friends. - Yes, I prefer их to all своим friends. 9. Их pet-birds are very noisy and они keep их in the other room. 10. Pet animals make нас happy. 11. Её friend likes living fish because они comfort её .12. Его pet-dog makes его happy, она is его true friend. 13. For many old people pets are их only consolation.
Lesson 7 LECTURE ON MUSCLEs
Yesterday the students of our group came to the Academy to listen to a lecture on muscles. The lecture was attended by all of us. The lecture was delivered by Prof. Smirnov. To listen to it was very interesting. Prof. Smirnov was the first to tell us about the anatomical significance of the muscles in the body. In his lecture he said that the body of an animal was composed of about 600 skeletal muscles. The students learned that in the adult mammals about 35-40% (per cent) of the body weight was formed by the muscles. According with the basic parts of the skeleton all the muscles were divided into the muscles of the trunk, head, and extremities.
When Prof. Smirnov spoke about the form of the muscles he said that all the muscles were divided into three basic groups: long, short and wide muscles; the free extremities were formed by the long muscles; wide muscles lay on the trunk; the walls of the body cavities were formed by wide muscles. Some muscles were named according to the structure of their fibers, for example, radiated muscles; others according to their uses, for example, extensors (разгибающие мышцы) or according to their direction, for example, oblique (косая).
When Prof. Smirnov spoke about the structure of the muscles he said that the muscles were formed by a mass of muscle cells, the muscular fibers were connected together by connective tissue, the blood vessels and the nerves were in the muscles.
The great research work was carried out by many scientists to determine the functions of the muscles. Three basic methods of study were used: the experimental work on animals, the study of the muscles on a living human body and on the corpse. This work helped to establish that the muscles were the active agents of motion and contraction.
Vocabulary List
muscle [mAsl] n – мышца direction n – направление, указание
radiated muscle – веерообразная мышца tissue[‘tisju:] n – ткань
establish v – устанавливать connective tissue – cоединительная ткань
introduce v – вводить vessel n – сосуд
change v – менять, n изменение find (found) v – находить, считать
weight n – вес find out – обнаруживать
divide v – делить, разделять determine[d’tэ;min] v – определять
wide a – широкий сontraction n – сокращение, сжатие
Задание 36. Прочтите и переведите текст и следующие словосочетания:
1. the contraction of muscles; 2. the blood vessel wall; 3. the body weight; 4. connective tissue cells; 5. to determine the blood group; 6. a rapid change.
Задание 37. 1. Прочтите текст “ Lecture on Muscles. 2. Напишите план текста. 3. Найдитe: а) инфинитивы, определите их функции и переведите предложения; б) предложения на правила согласования времен и переведите их:
Упражнение 1. В следующих предложениях отметьте инфинитив в различных функциях. Переведите:
1. He can perform this operation in the morning. 2. My friend was the last to come to the lecture. 3. He wants to determine the direction of muscular fibers. 4. Microbiology is one of the most interesting subjects to study.
Упражнение 2. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на отрицательный смысл перевода глагола “to fail”:
1. The researcher failedto draw any conclusion from his numerous experiments. 2. The X-ray examination failedto prove the consolidation in the lung. 3. Nobody failed(at) the examination in Physiology. 4. Sometimes in the man with impair