УпотреблениеPresent Perfect Continuous Tense
Present Perfect Continuous Tense употребляется:
1. Для выражения действия, которое началось в прошлом, продолжается до момента речи, в момент речи и, возможно, после него. Продолжительность действия всегда уточняется обстоятельственными словами и словосочетаниями lately за последнее время, недавно, for the last two days (years, weeks etc.)в течение последних двух дней (лет, недель и т.д.); союзами since с, for в течение, а также придаточным предложением времени, вводимым союзом since (с того момента, как...).
| I have been working hard for the last two days. | Я очень много работал в течение последних двух дней. |
| It has been snowing heavily since morning. | С утра идет сильный снег. |
| John has been writing his report since his friends left him. | Джон пишет свой доклад с того времени, как ушли его друзья. |
2. Для выражение длительного действия, которое началось в прошлом, продолжалось в течение определенного периода и закончилось до момента речи (момент речи в сферу действия не включается).
| The scientists of whom we have been speaking discussed a number of important questions in their reports. | Ученые, о которых мы с вами говорили, обсудили ряд интересных проблем в своих докладах. |
3. Для выражения повторных многократных действий. Значение повторности уточняется соответствующими обстоятельствами.
| I have been telling you hundreds of times to be more attentive. | Я говорил тебе сто раз быть повнимательнее. |
На русский язык Present Perfect Continuous может переводиться глаголами как в прошедшем, так и в настоящем времени.
В предложениях с Present Perfect Continuous Tense часто употребляются наречие just только что, чтобы подчеркнуть, что одно действие происходило и закончилось совсем недавно. Наречие just ставится после вспомогательного глагола have/has.
| Andrew and Sue have just been arguing. | Эндрю и Сью только что спорили. |
Обычно используется сокращенная форма первого вспомогательного глагола ‘ve/’s после местоимений (например, I’ve, he’s).
| He’s been practising the guitar this morning. | Он упражняется в игре на гитаре сегодня утром. |
| Lucy and I’ve been talking for over an hour. | Люси и я разговариваем (уже) более часа. |
В разговорной речи и при неформальном общении часто используется сокращенная форма вспомогательного глагола с именами собственными и другими подлежащими, выраженными существительными, но в письменной речи сокращенная форма времени Present Perfect Continuous обычно не используется.
| Anthony’s been looking for his dog. | Энтони ищет свою собаку. |
Обратите внимание, что время Present Perfect Continuous отличается от времени Present Perfect тем, что указывает на процесс действия и его длительность, в то время как Present Perfect – только на результат.
Сравните:
| Ann has been writing the course paper for 2 days. | Энн пишет курсовую работу (уже) в течение двух дней. |
| Ann has written the course paper. | Энн написала курсовую работу. |
С предлогами for и since могут употребляться оба эти времени.
| I have been working at the University for 3 years. | Я работаю в университете 3 года. |
| I have worked at the University for three years. |
Глаголы, не употребляющиеся во временах группы Continuous, также не употребляются во временах группы Perfect Continuous. В этом случае используется времена группы Perfect.
| Harry has loved Jane for many years. | Гарри любит Джейн (уже) много лет. |
1. Прочитайте текст, найдите в нем предложения с Present Perfect Continuous и переведите их на русский язык.
James Slaton has been playing the guitar in his band since he was 14. He has always loved music and has given up almost everything for his career as a rock star. His band is called Rizzible and he has decided to change his name to Izzy. His parents have always been very helpful and have been paying for his lessons and for his guitar strings for many years. Up till now he has been playing his old guitar that doesn’t look very glamourous but now he wants a really funky, new instrument. He has found a second-hand guitar in a local music shop, which is deep blue with silver stars all over it. He took his dad to have a look at it, but Mr Slaton wasn’t very impressed. He hasn’t ever heard the band and he he hasn’t like the boys who have been coming to the house. He said that James must pay for his guitar himself.
His mother is not very happy with his attitude (отношение) to study, and she has been trying to make him understand that he needs some qualifications. He says that he hasn’t ever wanted to do anything but play in his band, and that is not going to change now. Poor James! He’s been having a bad time recently!
2. Составьте утвердительные, отрицательные и вопросительные предложения во времени Present Perfect Continuous со следующими глаголами: to write, to think, to study, to look for, to play, to learn, to work, to live, to wait.
3. Задайте вопросы и ответьте на них, работая в парах. Используйте Present Perfect Continuous Tense или Present Perfect Tense и соответствующие обстоятельства времени.
How long ...
A: How long have you been using computer?
B: For about 10-12 years, I think.
1) use / personal computer?
2) use / a mobile phone?
3) live / your current address?
4) study / at the University?
5) learn / English?
4. Проанализируйте изложенную ситуацию и составьте предложение о том, что произошло или происходит, используя слова, данные в скобках. Используйте Present Perfect Continuous, где это возможно. В остальных случаях используйте Present Perfect.
Например:
Bob is walking on the golf course (поле для гольфа). He is wearing golfing shoes and carrying a set of glof clubs (клюшки для гольфа). He started his game three hours ago.
(play/for) He has been playing golf for three hours.
1) It is 11 p.m. and Stephen is sitting in the library. He has a book on philosophy open on the table and is writing notes in an exercise book. He came to the library at 5 p.m.
(study/for)
2) Delia is putting on her coat at the health centre, preparing to go home. Her shift began at 9 a.m.
(work/since)
3) Sally is in the gym. She is on the rowing machine (гребной тренажер) and still has ten minutes before she finishes her routine. She rows for twenty minutes.
(row/for)
4) Phyllis is in the bathroom on her make-up. It is 8.30. She started half an hour ago.
(put on/for)
5) John Smith is on his way to work. He is stuck in a big traffic jam. He left home at 7.00.
(drive/since)
6) Andrew is Professor of Electronic Engineering. He was made a professor in 2005.
(be/since)
7) Diego is a prize-winning skater. He has competed in the local ice-dance competition for seven years.
(compete/for)
8) Diego won the first prize four years ago and has won it each year since then.
(win/for)
9) Mary Ross started farming when she was 25. She is now 30. She is still a farmer.
(farm/for)
10) Mr Patterson is having a meeting with his staff at Gargantuan Games. He called the meeting at 2.00 and it is now 4.15.
(have a meeting/for)
5. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous или Present Continuous.
1. This student (to lose) his book. He (to look for) it everywhere but can’t find it.
2. I (not to see) him since he left for the United States.
3. Where you (to be)? We (to wait) for you for 2 hours.
4. Look! Someone (to break) the cup.
5. The student (to write) a report since early morning, she (to write) only a half of it and (to think) over the second half.
6. I (to want) for a long time to give you a present.
7. You look tired. You (to work) hard?
8. The girl (to speak) over the phone too long, it’s high time to stop talking.
9. It (to rain) the whole week and still (to rain). It (not to stop) yet.
10. The secretary (to make) several mistakes while typing as she (to chatter) all the time.
11. Our lecturer is a well-known scientist. He (to write) several monographs.
12. I (to read) still your book but (not to finish) it yet.
13. The water is everywhere because Linda (to wash) the dog.
14. Helen (to put on) her coat and is about to leave.
6. Прочитайте электронное сообщение и вставьте наиболее подходящие формы глаголов. Используйте сокращенные формы.
Hi Kerry!
This is a quick message to tell you the news. I‘ve just discovered (just/discover) the truth about Stan. He (1) _______ (see) Lynne for months and he (2) ______ (never say) a word about it to me! Every time I (3) ______ (ask) him, he (4) ____ (tell) me he doesn’t know her very well. What a liar! I’m ashamed because I (5) ______ (be) so trusting! All this time we (6) _____ (go out) together, he (7) ______ (cheat) on me!
I (8) _____ (speak) to him about it and I (9) ______ (give) him back all his CDs and the ring he gave me. I (10) _______ (always/hate) this girl Lynne. I don’t know why he likes her. She (11) ______ (go out) with every boy in my class!
How are you? I hope Tim isn’t like Stan!
See you around,
Jen
7. Переведите предложения на английский язык.
1) Я работаю в университете с прошлого года.
2) Как давно этот исследователь изучает данную проблему?
3) Они ищут ключ от лаборатории уже полчаса, но до сих пор не нашли его.
4) Как давно вы пишете курсовую работу? Сколько страниц вы уже написали?
5) Этот человек изучает английский в течение 3 месяцев, но уже достиг значительных успехов.
6) Мы ждем автобус уже полчаса.
7) Снег идет с утра.
8) Вы давно здесь сидите?