Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense
Прошедшее неопределенное (простое) время
По способу образования Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense все английские глаголы делятся на правильные (или стандартные) и неправильные (или нестандартные).
Правильные глаголы образуют утвердительную форму Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense посредством прибавления к инфинитиву глагола (без частицы to) окончания -ed.
| -(e)dпроизносится |    | [d] после гласных и звонких согласных |
| [t] после глухих согласных | ||
| [id] после конечных звуков [d], [t] |
| [d] | [t] | [id] |
| to shave — shaved [∫eivd ] | to smoke — smoked [smoukt ] | to want — wanted ['w  ntid] |
| to open — opened [oupnd ] | to work — worked [wə:kt ] | to translate — translated [træns'leitid ] |
| to play — played [pleid] | to wash — washed [w ∫t] |
ПРИМЕЧАНИЯ: 1. В глаголах, оканчивающихся на букву у с предшествующей согласной, буква у заменяется буквой i: to try — tried.
2. Согласная буква удваивается, если её предшествует краткая гласная: to stop – stopped.
Форму Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense неправильных глаголов следует заучивать по таблице неправильных глаголов.
Как правильные, так и неправильные глаголы в Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense имеют одну форму для всех лиц единственного и множественного числа.
| Лицо | Единственное число | Множественное число |
| I worked, took | we worked, took | |
| you worked, took | you worked, took | |
| he worked, took | they worked, took | |
| she worked, took | ||
| it worked, took |
Вопросительная и отрицательная формы простого прошедшего времени образуются при помощи прошедшего времени вспомогательного глагола to do — did(для всех лиц единственного и множественного числа) в сочетании с инфинитивом смыслового глагола без частицы to:
We translated this article last week. Мы перевели эту статью на прошлой неделе.
Did they translate this article last week? Они перевели эту статью на прошлой неделе?
They did not (didn't) translate this article last week. Они не перевели эту статью на прошлой неделе.
Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense употребляется для выражения обычного, регулярно повторяющегося действия, действия-факта, последовательных действий в прошлом. Часто сопровождается такими обстоятельствами времени, как: in 1952 - в 1952 году, on Monday - в понедельник, last week -на прошлой неделе, last year - в прошлом году, two days ago - два дня назад, yesterday - вчера, the day before yesterday - позавчера, when – когда и т. п.
He graduated from the Murmansk State Technical University in 1995. Он окончил МГТУ в 1995 году.
I saw the dean an hour ago. Я видел декана час назад.
She studied Chinese when she was at university. Она изучала китайский язык, когда была в университете.
Примечание. Повторяющиеся действия в прошлом часто выражаются при помощи конструкций used to + инфинитив или would+ инфинитив.
My father used to play football when he was at school. Мой отец часто играл (любил играть) в футбол, когда был в школе.
(Did your father use to ...?)
When I was little, my mother would tell me a bedtime story. Когда я была маленькой, моя мама обычно рассказывала мне на ночь сказку.
( Would your mother tell ...?)
Exercises
1. Прочтите правильно данные глаголы в форме Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense. Убедитесь, что знаете значение данных слов.
watched, opened, promised, explained, wanted, washed, listened, laughed, added, asked, answered, hated, looked, entered, designed, admired, checked
2. Проверьте, помните ли вы неправильные глаголы:
а) напишите вторую форму данных глаголов (форму Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense), переведите глаголы на русский язык:
begin, do, find, break, give, take, come, know, make, pay, send, put, sell, teach, think, win, understand, write, say, be, wake, grow
б) назовите первую форму данных глаголов, переведите глаголы на русский язык:
bought, saw, heard, ate, went, kept, left, lost, met, ran, spoke, wore, chose, fell, drove, cut, drew, told, read, became
3. Прочитайте и переведите текст, обращая внимание на употребление Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense
When Gloria Cross was a girl, she loved reading. She had three brothers and a younger sister and lived in the most beautiful bay just south of Bridgetown in Barbados, where her father used to run the local post office – he’s retired now. She had a very happy childhood, and was very lucky to have a kind and clever school teacher, Mr Grant, who recognised her ability. He helped her to pass her exams, and to get into the University of the West Indies, at Cave Hill Campus. She studied Law, but then decided to become a teacher; so, she did a postgraduate degree in Education at Erdiston Teacher’s College. In 1995 she got the job as head teacher of the Primary School at Holetown, and she and her two children, Stephen and Therese, moved to Paynes Bay on the West Coast of Barbados. When Stephen left to go to study medicine in London, she and Therese missed him terribly at first, but he promised that he would come back to work in Barbados when he qualified as a doctor. After all, he thinks it’s the most beautiful place in the world!
4. Образуйте отрицательные и вопросительные предложения, исходя из данных.
Образец: She wrote this letter two days ago. – She didn’t write this letter two days ago. – Did she write this letter two days ago?
He was in Spain last summer. - He wasn’t in Spain last summer. – Was he in
Spain last summer?
1. It was very cold yesterday. 2. I arrived home late last night. 3. My boss left for London two weeks ago. 4. We had a good time at that party. 5. He got an excellent mark for his test. 6. Everybody laughed at him when he was at school. 7. It was very difficult for her to study two foreign languages. 8. My brother bought a new car yesterday. 9. My parents were at home last night. 10. We passed our last exam two days ago. 11. There were many students at the lecture of this famous professor. 12. She brought a lot of souvenirs from her trip.
5. Задайте вопросы к подчёркнутым частям предложений.
1. They came to visit his friend yesterday.
2. Robert took his driving test last week.
3. Last year he didn’t go to the South because of the exams.
4. These students were usually late for their lectures last term
because they had transport problems.
5. Yesterday we went to the concert together. It was great!
6. My friends stayed at this hotel for two weeks last year.
7. I passed five exams last term and I got excellent marks.
6. Поставьте глагол в скобках либо в Present Indefinite (Simple) Tense, либо в Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense.
1. I often (see) my friend at the university. Yesterday I (see) him in the dean’s office. 2. We always (meet) on Sundays. Last month we (meet) not only on Sundays, but also on Saturdays. 3. Dan usually (walk) to his office. Yesterday he (take) a taxi, because he (be) late for his work. 4. My sister usually (have) English lesson twice a week. Last week she (have) three English lessons. 5. They always (watch) TV in the evening. Yesterday evening they (watch) a football match. 6. She often (lose) things. Yesterday she (lose) her purse. 7. Our teacher of English always (give) us a lot of homework. At the last lesson she (not/give) us any task to be done at home. 8. I usually (go) to the club with my friends. Last night I (go) there alone, because my friends (be) out of town.
7. Заполните пропуски глаголами в форме Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense. Используйте глаголы из данного списка.
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