Будущее совершенное время (The Future Perfect Tense)
Все видовременные формы будущего совершенного времени образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола will have и причастия 2смыслового глагола.
Будущее совершенное время употребляется для выражения действия, которое завершится к определенному моменту в будущем:
By the end of the year he will have saved 10.000 dollars.
Will he have finished the work by 5 o'clock tomorrow?
They won't have completed the game by the time you arrive. It lasts too long.
Выполните задания на времена глаголов группы Perfect, обращая внимание на сигнальные слова:
| Present Perfect | Past Perfect | Future Perfect |
| «отсутствие временного указателя» already just ever never yet recently lately/of late so far today this morning/week/month/year for since | «контекст: одно действие раньше, чем другое действие в прошлом» by 5 o’clock yesterday | «контекст: действие свершится раньше, чем другое действие в будущем» by 5 o’clock tomorrow |
Проверочные задания на тему «Группа завершенных времен»
Задание 62.Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужную форму Present Perfect.
1. I’m afraid he can’t help you. He … (to leave) for Vienna.
2. They … (to sell) their car, … they?
3. This is the most hard-working person I … ever (to meet).
4. It’s the first time I … (to hear) this song.
5. Where … you (to be)? – I … (to be) to the bank.
6. I … already (to finish) the picture. You may look at it.
7. … you ever (to be) to France? – No, I … .
8. … you ever (to be) to the Bolshoy Theatre? – Yes, I … there twice.
9. … you ever (to see) this film? – No, I … never (to see) it.
10. It’s too early to call him. He … (to wake up) yet.
11. … you (to do) exercise one yet? – Yes, I … just (to do) it.
12. I … (to hear) a lot about this book but I … (to read) it so far.
13. I don’t know where Mary is. I … (to see) her today.
14. She … (to be) so busy this week that she … even (to watch) TV.
15. I … (to read) an exciting book this month.
16. I … (to spend) a lot of money lately.
17. We … (to make) great progress recently.
18. I don’t know anything about Victor. I … (to speak) to him for the last two days.
19. I … (to know) Kate since my childhood. She is my neighbor.
20. How long … she (to be) ill?
Задание 63.Употребите for или since.
1. Sue has been my best friend … a long time.
2. Helen has changed a lot … that time.
3. He’s been on a business trip … a month.
4. This problem has existed … the beginning of the century.
5. She hasn’t had a proper rest … a long time.
6. They have been in Paris … Monday.
7. I’ve known the news … he returned.
Задание 64.Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужную форму Past Simple или Present Perfect.
1. I … (to know) this poem long ago. But I can’t remember it now.
2. I … (to know) this poem for a long time.
3. I … (to read) this book three or four times. I like it very much.
4. I … (to read) this book three or even four times in my childhood.
5. We … (to buy) everything for the party on the way home.
6. We … already (to buy) everything for the party.
7. … you ever (to be) to St. Petersburg? – Yes. I … . I … (to be) there twice. - When … you (to be) there last time? – I … (to be) there on the first of May.
8. … you ever (to travel) by air? When … you (to fly) for the first time?
9. Ms. Simpson … (to work) at university for many years. She … (to work) at school for some years and then quit.
10. They … (to be) married for a long time. They … (to get) married long ago.
Задание 65.Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужную форму Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future Perfect.
1. These scientists … (to make) a great contribution to world scientific progress.
2. I … never (to do) such a difficult job.
3. … you (to make) any plans for your future work?
4. I … (to discuss) the project with my boss. – What did he say?
5. He … (to call) me since he moved to a new flat. It’s strange!
6. The research institute … (to complete) the design of
the machine this month.
7. … you (to get) the new textbook? – No, I … (to buy) it yet.
8. What places of interest … you (to visit) in Prague?
9. I … (to finish) working by 4 o’clock yesterday.
10. The students … (to bring) dictionaries before they began to translate the article.
11. Last night they finished the experiment which they … (to begin) some months before.
12. She … (to return) home yet when I called. She was at work.
13. … they (to discuss) the events by the time you arrived?
14. When I arrived Nick … (to be) there for about an hour.
15. She looked pale. She … (to have) a headache since morning.
16. He … (to finish) his work by 5 o’clock tomorrow.
17. The librarian … (to register) all the books by the end of the next week.
18. We are having a good time! By the end of the tour we … (to visit) five cities.
19. I … (to finish) my studies by the end of the next year.
20. My friends … (to return) from South Africa when I come there in summer.
Задание 66.Употребите выражения с глаголом to have в Present Perfect, Past Perfect, Future Perfect.
1. I … just (to have) a shower.
2. He … already (to have) breakfast.
3. They … (to have) a good time together.
4. … you (to have) a holiday this summer? – No, not yet. But I’m going on holiday in August.
5. They … (to have) a break. There is much work to do.
6. She looked pale. She … (to have) a headache since morning.
7. They … (have) dinner already by the time he comes from work tomorrow. He’ll come home late.
Задание 67.Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужную форму времён Simple, Progressive, Perfect.
1. Barbara and Mary are shop assistants. They work at
a supermarket. But today is Sunday, so they … (to work). They … (to walk) in the park.
2. Three times six … (to be) eighteen.
3. Yesterday he … (to arrive) at the office, … (to prepare) some papers and … (to go) to the meeting.
4. I … (to work) in the lab from 10 till 5 o'clock tomorrow.
5. … the chief engineer (to publish) his report? … he (to publish) it last month?
6. The output of this plant … continuously (to grow).
7. The chief engineer came after the specialists … (to put) the machine into operation.
8. Their laboratory … (to have) a number of new electronic devices at its disposal.
9. My sister will call you up after she … (to come) home.
10. Our expert … (to work) full time, he … (to work) only part time.
11. How long … you (to be) married? – Oh, for five years already.
12. They were very close friends. They … (to know) each other for ages.
13. At seven o’clock yesterday I … (to watch) TV.
14. By next Tuesday I … (to finish) painting my bedroom.
15. He … just (to buy) a new car.
16. There … (to be) many forms of energy, namely, heat energy, mechanical energy, chemical energy and others.
17. The specialists … (to test) this machine in two days. That will be on Monday.
18. Jack … (to walk) down the street when he saw Joan.
19. He couldn’t get into the house because he … (to lose)
the key.
20. Tomorrow at three the Wimbledon final … already (to start).
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ
ФОРМЫ НЕПРАВИЛЬНЫХ ГЛАГОЛОВ
IRREGULAR VERBS FORMS
| 1 форма (инфинитив) Infinitive | 2 форма (прош. вр.) Past Simple | 3 форма (причастие 2) Past Participle | Перевод |
| to be | was/were | been | быть, находиться |
| to bear | bore | born | нести |
| to become | became | become | становиться |
| to begin | began | begun | начинать(ся) |
| to break | broke | broken | ломать |
| to bring | brought | brought | приносить |
| to build | built | built | строить |
| to buy | bought | bought | покупать |
| to choose | chose | chosen | выбирать |
| to come | came | come | приходить |
| to cost | cost | cost | стоить |
| to cut | cut | cut | резать |
| to deal | dealt | dealt | иметь дело |
| to do | did | done | делать |
| to draw | drew | drawn | рисовать |
| to drink | drank | drunk | пить |
| to drive | drove | driven | водить |
| to eat | ate | eaten | есть |
| to fall | fell | fallen | падать |
| to feel | felt | felt | чувствовать |
| to find | found | found | находить |
| to fly | flew | flown | летать |
| to forget | forgot | forgotten | забывать |
| to forgive | forgave | forgiven | прощать |
| to get | got | got | получать |
| to give | gave | given | давать |
| to go | went | gone | идти, ехать |
| to grow | grew | grown | расти, выращивать |
| to have | had | had | иметь |
| to hear | heard | heard | слышать |
| to know | knew | known | знать |
| to learn | learnt/learned | learnt/learned | учить(ся) |
| to leave | left | left | оставлять, покидать |
| to lose | lost | lost | терять |
| to make | made | made | делать |
| to meet | met | met | встречать(ся) |
| to pay | paid | paid | платить |
| to put | put | put | класть, ставить |
| to read | read | read | читать |
| to run | ran | run | бегать |
| to say | said | said | говорить, сказать |
| to see | saw | seen | видеть |
| to sell | sold | sold | продавать |
| to send | sent | sent | посылать |
| to show | showed | shown | показывать |
| to sing | sang | sung | петь |
| to sit | sat | sat | сидеть |
| to sleep | slept | slept | спать |
| to speak | spoke | spoken | говорить, разговаривать |
| to spend | spent | spent | тратить, проводить |
| to stand | stood | stood | стоять |
| to steal | stole | stolen | красть |
| to swim | swam | swum | плавать |
| to take | took | taken | взять, брать |
| to teach | taught | taught | учить, обучать |
| to tell | told | told | сказать |
| to think | thought | thought | думать |
| to understand | understood | understood | понимать |
| to wake | woke | woken | будить, просыпаться |
| to wear | wore | worn | носить |
| to win | won | won | выигрывать, побеждать |
| to write | wrote | written | писать |
Тестовые задания
Тема: Существительное
1. Would you like … from the shop? They have some nice ones.
a) an ice cream b) ice cream c) ice creams d) the ice creams
2. I didn’t have a camera, so I couldn’t take … .
a) any photo b) any photos c) photo d) some photo
3. I think there’s … in the fridge.
a) a butter b) some butter c) some butters d) butter
4. You’ve bought a lot of … .
a) banana b) egg c) water d) biscuit
5. I’m out of work. I’m looking for … .
a) job b) a job c) some job d) jobs
6. I’m hoping to hear … soon.
a) a new b) a news c) some news d) some new
7. It’s … walk from here to the university.
a) hour b) an hour c) an hour’s d) an hours’
8. I need … paper to write on.
a) a b) a piece c) piece of d) a piece of
9. We climbed up the stairs to the … .
a) building’s top b) buildings’ top c) top of building d) top of the building
10. I’m afraid I haven’t got … .
a) much money b) much moneys c) many money d) many moneys
11. A bookshelf is a … .
a) shelf full of books b) shelf made of books c) shelf for putting books on d) book about shelves
12. Luckily there was … in our hotel room.
a) iron b) an iron c) some iron d) some irons
13. Why shouldn’t … do as good a job as men do?
a) woman pilot b) women pilot c) woman pilots d) women pilots
14. The horse has won lots of races. It’s a champion … .
a) horserace b) racehorse c) horses race d) races horse
15. The … is his fighting spirit.
a) player’s strong b) players’ strong c) player’s strength d) players’ strength
16. Unfortunately we’ve made … .
a) little progress b) little progresses c) few progress d) few progresses
17. There are some great … programmes on this channel.
a) child b) children c) child’s d) children’s
18. At the … , we exchanged addresses.
a) the course end b) end course c) end of the course d) course’s end
19. At lunch time we used to eat together in the … .
a) cafeteria college b) college’s cafeteria c) college cafeteria d) cafeteria’s college
20. Have you ever drink tea from … ?
a) glass b) a glass c) some glass d) some glasses
Тема: Cловообразование
1. The man we interviewed for the job was … but we weren’t very impressed with his appearance.
a) intelligent b) intelligence c) intellective d) unintelligent
2. I wish I didn’t have to work tomorrow, but … I do.
a) fortune b) unfortunately c) fortunate d) fortunately
3. All our … receive four weeks paid holiday per year.
a) employers b) employees c) unemployed d) employment
4. I can’t … that terrible noise any longer.
a) tolerable b) toleration c) tolerate d) tolerant
5. If you are interested in applying for the job, your … must be received by Friday.
a) appliancy b) applicant c) application d) appliance
6. This machine is making a … noise.
a) fun b) funnish c) funny d) funned
7. The paper cans are easier to recycle and cause far less … .
a) pollution b) polluting c) pollute d) pollutes
8. Improved quality control has led to a higher efficiency in … .
a) production b) productivity c) producing d) produce
9. To put parts together to produce the … product is to assemble.
a) final b) finalize c) finally d) finalizing
10. The researchers have come up with an … idea for the use of recycled plastics.
a) innovate b) innovating c) innovation d) innovative
11. They employ a large team of software … .
a) development b) develop c) developer d) developers
12. Charles Dyson is the … of a vacuum cleaner which works on a new principle.
a) invent b) inventor c) invention d) inventing
13. These methods of production are still at … stage.
a) experimental b) experiment c) experimenting d) experimented
14. The scientists have presented a detailed … of the results.
a) analyze b) analyst c) analytical d) analyses
15. They made a report on future energy … .
a) requirements b) require c) requiring d) requires
16. The temperature was measured every hour and carefully … .
a) record b) recorded c) records d) recorder
17. The computer monitor displays … so you can see it on screen.
a) information b) informative c) inform d) informations
18. Information is stored on a computer as … data.
a) digital b) digit c) digits d) digited
19. Every day he collects and delivers packages for … companies.
a) local b) location c) locate d) located
20. The company is in … difficulties for several months.
a) finance b) financial c) finances d) financed
Тема: Артикли
1. Porcelain was first made by … .
a) a Chinese b) the Chinese c) Chineses d) Chinese
2. The rent is 50 dollars … week.
a) –, b) the c) an d) a
3. London was founded in … century BC by Julius Caesar.
a) The 1st b) an 1st c) 1st d) a 1st
4. George gave … to his father.
a) The Sunday Times b) Sunday Times c) A Sunday Times d) an Sunday Times
5. I liked … essay you had brought the other day very much.
a) – b) an c) the d) a
6. To tell … truth, I didn’t expect to see him.
a) – b) an c) the d) a
7. The geographical centre of London is … .
a) a Trafalgar Square b) Trafalgar Square c) the Trafalgar Square d) an Trafalgar Square
8. Some people think that … television is harmful for children.
a) a b) the c) some d) –
9. … milk in my refrigerator is spoiled. I need to buy some more.
a) – b) a c) the d) one
10. I have … question.- OK. What do you want to know?
a) some b) a c) the d) –
11. Only one of … continents in world is uninhabited.
a) the, the b) the, a c) –, the d) –, –
12. If you want, you can use … calculator in the exam.
a) a b) one c) the d) –
13. They say that … dog is a man’s best friend.
a) a b) all c) – d) the
14. When did you last go to … cinema?
a) – b) the c) a d) some
15. … National Theatre isn’t far from Waterloo Station.
a) – b) the c) a d) an
16. It rained heavily during … night.
a) the b) – c) a d) some
17. We went on holiday with our friends, … Mitchells.
a) a b) – c) the d) some
18. Well, sometimes … computers that we have at work keep breaking down.
a) the b) – c) a d) an
19. There’s no public transport. You can’t get there without … car.
a) the b) – c) a d) one
20. In autumn … temperature difference between land and sea reduces.
a) a b) the c) – d) some