Complex Object. (Objective with the Infinitive)
Сложное дополнение (Объектный падеж с инфинитивом)
Сочетание местоимения в объектном падеже или существительного с инфинитивом представляет собой сложное дополнение и переводится на русский язык дополнительным придаточным предложением.
I want him to help me.
Я хочу, чтобы он помог мне.
Не supposes this young man to be an honest fellow.
Он полагает, что этот молодой человек — честный парень.
Сложное дополнение употребляется после глаголов, выражающих желание, восприятие посредством органов чувств, предположение:
to see (видеть)
to watch, to observe (наблюдать)
to notice (замечать)
to hear (слышать)
to feel (чувствовать)
to want (хотеть)
to wish, to desire (желать)
should like (хотел бы)
like (любить, нравиться) to expect (ожидать) to think (думать) to believe (полагать, считать) to suppose (полагать) to consider (считать) to find (находить, считать) и т.д.
После глаголов, выражающих физическое восприятие, частица to перед инфинитивом опускается. I saw him cross the street Я видел, что он перешел улицу.
Complex Subject. (Nominative with the Infinitive)
Сложное подлежащее (именительный падеж с инфинитивом) Подлежащее (существительное или местоимение) с инфинитивом, стоящим после сказуемого, выраженного глаголом в страдательном залоге или глаголами to seem (казаться), to be likely (вероятно), to be unlikely (маловероятно), to be certain (определенно), to prove (оказываться), to happen (случаться) и др., представляет собой оборот «именительный падеж с инфинитивом» или «сложное подлежащее». Перевод предложения со сложным подлежащим следует начинать со сказуемого, которое переводится на русский язык безличным или неопределенно-личными предложением (говорят, известно, считают, полагают, кажется, случается ц т.д.); в придаточном предложении инфинитив становится сказуемыми. E.g.
1. Не is said to study at the University. Говорят, что он учится в
университете.
2. Books by Conan Doyle are known to have been translated in our
country. Известно, что книги Конан Дойля переведены, в нашей
стране.
3. This case is unlikely to be investigated quickly. Маловероятно, что
это дело будет расследовано быстро.
4. Не seems to be investigating that complicated case. Кажется, он
расследует то сложное дело.
Forms of the Infinitive in Active and Passive Voice
| Tense | Voice | |
| Active | Passive | |
| Indefinite | The jury is legally qualified to decide whether the defendant is guilty or not guilty. Присяжные юридически квалифицированны, чтобы решить, является ли подзащитный виновным или нет. | The defendant was satisfied to be discharged. Подзащитный (подсудимый) был удовлетворён тем, что его освободили. |
| Continuous | The solicitor is satisfied to be helping in preparing the case of fraud. Солиситор удовлетворён тем, что он помогает в подготовке дела по мошенничеству. | |
| Perfect | The prosecution was satisfied to haw informed the defence about having important evidence... Обвинение было удовлетворено тем, что проинформировало защиту о том, что имеются важные свидетельские показания… | The accused was satisfied to have been visited by a lawyer to ensure a properly prepared defence in court. Обвиняемый был удовлетворён тем, что его посетил адвокат для того, чтобы обеспечить квалифицированную защиту в суде. |
| Perfect Continuous | The lawyers are satisfied to have been working at the problem of eliminating loose expressions in the law under discussion. Юристы удовлетворены тем, что работают над проблемой устранения неточностей в обсуждаемом законе. |
Exercises
1. Translate the sentences:
1. The evidence to be found at a crime scene is very important for the investigation.
2. The report to be written by the investigator must include all the facts collected during the investigation.
3. The crime to be investigated by Scotland Yard occurred on the Thames.
4. The criminal case to be tried by our district court next week is much spoken of in our city.
5. Justice in this country to be administered equally by judges often depends on the sum of money a person has.
6. He spoke of the problems to be settled in the nearest future.
7. The article to be discussed by the students is about the American Constitution.
2.Translate the sentences with the Complex Object:
1. I suppose him to be about thirty.
2. He believes his parents to be at home now.
3. I don't consider him to be an honest man.
4. The teacher found him to be a very clever student.
5. The witness saw that woman enter the house.
6. The police officer wanted the young man to be invited here.
7. I should like you to tell the truth.
8. The students liked the lessons to be conducted in the lab.
9. The investigator expected him to give all the information about that fact.
10. We believe the prevention of crime to be one of the main functions of militia.
11. The policeman saw the criminal ran away.
12. We consider the traces to be very important for the investigation.
13. We all know him to be a highly qualified detective.
3.Translate the sentences with the Complex Subject:
1. That evidence proved to be very important.
2. Our laws are known to protect the interests of all the people.
3. He was expected to arrive in the morning.
4. That investigator is considered to be an experienced lawyer.
5. The crime is reported to have been committed by a group of young people.
6. The British Constitution is considered to be unwritten because
it is not codified as a whole in any particular document.
7. The police officer happened to be present at the crime scene
at the moment of the commission of the offense.
8. Criminality is considered to be a social phenomenon.
9. I happened to be there at that time.
10. The investigator is expected to solve the crime quickly.
11. The criminal investigation department is considered to be one of the most complicated militia services.
4.Read and translate the following sentences paying attention to the Infinitive and Infinitive Constructions:
1. In America a complicated machinery is necessary to alter the Constitution whereas in England it is rather easy to alter the laws.
2. The English Constitution is considered to be flexible because, Parliament can «make or unmake» any law rather easily.
3. To alter the Constitution it is not necessary to have a complicated machinery in England, io all laws can be altered with ease.
4. In theory the Sovereign in the United Kingdom is regarded to be an active party to the making of laws, but in practice he has a shadowy veto.
5. In order to understand English Constitutional law you should study numerous documents, various statutes, judicial decisions and others.
6. Though the king is supposed to be the nominal Sovereign, any particular Parliament during the period of its existence is legally supreme.
7. The correctional establishments are supposed to rehabilitate the offenders through labour.
8. Most of historians regard the US Constitution to be a conservative document.
9. This evidence proved to have helped the investigator in solving the crime.
10. The people watched the policeman protect the crime scene.
11. This young man is unlikely to have committed a crime.
12. These facts are expected to help identify the offender.
13. The person to be interviewed is supposed to have witnessed the crime.