Clarifying questions before answering

Sorry, could you say that again, please?	I'm sorry. I didn't hear you. Would you mind repeating your question?
If I've understood your question correctly, you would like me to explain the criteria we used to choose the bases for our European operations.	When you say South America, do you mean South America generally, or Brazil, where we are at present?

Avoiding giving an answer

I'm afraid I'm not the right person to give you an answer to that question.

I'm afraid I'm not able to answer that question at present. If you'd like to leave me your phone number, I'll try to get back to you on that.

Showing tactful disagreement

Yes, I see your point but I know you will appreciate how impor­tant it is to keep up to date with the latest technology.

Well, I have some doubts about that.

Giving reassurance

Clearly, that's very important but...

I can understand your concern but we will be creating new jobs in other departments.

You need have no worries on that point. I can assure you that proper safety precautions will be carried out.

Answering questions during a presentation

(In response to an interruption) If you wouldn't mind waiting, I'd prefer to answer your question later on.

Inviting questions in the middle of your presentation) Before I go on to the next part of my presentation, are there any questions on what I've said so far?

Farewell

Finally, it is important to thank the audience for listening.

Are there any more questions? No? Well, in that case, thank you again for your attention andI'd like to remind you to pick up a copy of the handouts on your way out

If there are no more questions, thank you for your interest. I look forward to seeing you again next year.

So, all that remains is for me to thank you again for listening and to wish you a good journey home.

Sample of PPP (Power Point Presentation)

Sample of the speech to PPT

Good morning ladies and gentlemen!

First of all, let me thank you for coming here today. For those of you who do not know me, my name is Valeria and today I would like to give you information about the service sector and its link with the innovative economy. So, the subject of my presentation is «The role of the service sector in the development of innovation-based economy” I have chosen this topic for my presentation because it is the most relevant and discussed theme in the world of economy in recent years. I have divided my presentation into 4 parts. I will begin by giving you the main information about the service sector, then I will tell you more about this phenomenon in Russia, after than you will be informed about the results of my research work and finally I will propose some ways to develop an innovation-based economy. My talk should take for about 5-7 minutes, so at the end of my presentation I will be glad to answer all your questions. So, before I come to the right point I would like to ask you a question «How do you understand the expression innovation-based economy?»

Share of truth

They were not exactly accurate, so that is why let's deal with this phenomenon together

I’d like to draw your attention to the next slide because there is a definition of the service sector on it. The service sector is the third of the three traditional economic sectors. The other two are the primary sector, which covers areas such as farming, mining and fishing; and the secondary sector which covers manufacturing and making things. The service sector provides a service, not an actual product that could be held in your hand. Activities in the service sector include retail, banks, hotels, real estate, education, health, social work, computer services, recreation, media, communications, electricity, gas and water supply.

Today the services sector plays an important role not only in the economy of the separate state, but also in the world economy as a whole. Over the past decades the share of services in the GDP structure is constantly increasing, the number of employees in the service sector is also characterized by positive dynamics, the international tradeoff services is also developing. All these factors show us that the modern economy is a service economy or an innovation-based economy.

At the same time, a significant factor affecting the development of the economy in modern market conditions is the innovation activity. In the 21st century, the development and implementation of innovative technologies in the spheres of production and circulation, new methods of organization and management of enterprises have become the key factors in market competition, a powerful tool (средство) to improve performance and improve quality of goods and services.

The role of the service sector in the modern economy is conditioned (быть обусловленным) by the fact that fundamental factors of economic growth are formed in this sector, namely: new scientific knowledge, intellectual capital, information technologies, financial sector services, consulting, etc.

In general, the service sector, its scale, structure and level of development now occupy a special place in assessing the economic status of the country. This is due to the fact that the link between the development of the services sector and the level of development of the entire national economy is intensifying (увеличивается взаимосвязь).

I’d like now to move on to the next point of my presentation. Let’s now talk about some particularities in the development of the service sector in Russia and its impact on the economy.

1) Monopoly of state property is liquidated. In the service sector, the relations of private ownership began to develop rapidly through the creation of new enterprises, as well as through the so-called small privatization. By today, Russia has formed the ownership structure inherent (присущий странам) to the countries with the developed market economies. Speaking about the service sector the leading role was taken by small and medium-sized enterprises, which by their nature are more flexible, closer to consumers, can consider their requests in detail

2) A competitive environment has been formed for many types of paid services

3) Consumers have a wide range of services at their disposal

Despite of the fact that the sphere of services in Russia is actively developing, our country cannot fully switch to an innovative type of economy and that is why

I have conducted my original research work, the results of which you can see on the screen. As you can see I have compared some indicators that allow us to determine the place of the country in the ranking of innovation development.

Now we will look at the screen here you can see a positive trend within the country, but unfortunately Russia is still lagging behind other developed countries. The main reason for this situation is a clear misunderstanding of socio-economic role of the service sector, its contribution to the development of an innovation-based economy. If you look at this bar chart, you’ll see the cumulative level of innovative activity of organizations in countries. What does cumulative level mean. Share of organizations engaged in technological, organizational and marketing innovations: Leading positions are occupied by Germany, Brazil and Canada; their levels are equal to 79.3%, 76% and 75.8% respectively. At the same time, the level of innovation activity in Russia is only 10.3%, so we can conclude that most enterprises, and therefore the country's economy itself, are not innovative.

Cumulative level of innovative activity of organizations in countries

Let’s move on to the second bar chart, the share of organizations engaged in technological innovation. Share of organizations engaged in technological, organizational or marketing innovations in Russia is much lower than in other developed and developing countries. For example, in Germany in 2010, technological innovations were implemented by 63.8% of organizations, and in 2015 - 64.2%. In South Africa in 2012, 65.4% of organizations engaged in innovations, in Australia - 54.1%, in Belgium - 51.6%. And even in comparison with the figures of France, Japan and the USA, countries which did not occupy the leading positions in 2012, 34.3%, 28% and 23.3% respectively, in Russia the share of such organizations was only 7.9% and in 2015 - 9.1%.

The share of organizations that carry out technological innovation in the world in 2010 and 2012, in%.

And finally let’s move on to the last point of my presentation. So, what can be done in order for our country to develop the innovation-based economy? In general, the indicators show that Russia has a great potential in the use of innovations, but for this it is necessary to modernize the entire R & D sector, to create demand for scientific and engineering personnel and a holistic innovation system. I would like to propose you some specific solutions:

1. Do not allow the financing of innovative projects to be reduced

2. Provide reliable information on the results of research (About 80% of enterprises do not provide results for their innovation activities)

3. Technically provide enterprises (the average age of equipment in Russia is 20-30 years - many times more than in developed countries)

4. Take measures to develop friendly environment for the development of innovations (the most important to my mind is…)

Financial support of innovative programs of 57 universities was realized (30 billion rubles were allocated for these purposes). 29 universities got the status of national research universities

The work on the formation of national research Centers was started (the first such center was created on the basis of the federal State Institution "Russian Research Center "Kurchatov Institute").The government puts money into the Scolcovos development in a few years we will proudly declare ourselves a country with an innovation-based economy

APPENDICES

Appendix 1