Письменно переведите 1,2 абзацы на родной язык.
2. примеры тем для устного высказывания на экзамене.
Для того, чтобы успешно сдать экзамен по английскому языку, студент должен уметь построить высказывание и уметь отвечать на вопросы по следующим разговорным темам:
Тема 1. About myself: Self biography. Family and friends. Daily routine. Appearance and character. Future plans and ambitions.
Tема 2.Russia: Geographical position of Russia. National symbols. Holidays. National traditions. Russian celebrities. Famous places in Russia. Place in the history of the world. National cuisine. Crimea and Sevastopol.
Tема 3. Hobby: Writers and books. Movies. Celebrities. Shopping. Holidays.
Tема 4.Travelling: USA. Great Britain. Australia. Ways of travelling. At the hotel. Tourism. Talking about news.
Тема 5.Healthy lifestyle: Food we eat. Festive Food. Sport and exercises. Olympic Games. At a Doctor’s.
Тема 6.Future Profession: Future Profession. Civilization. People in History. Discoveries and Inventions.
Высказывание должно состоять не менее чем из 15 предложений, ниже приведены примеры устных высказываний по перечисленным темам.
The United Kingdom
1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland consists of four parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.
2. The west coast of the country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea, the east coast is washed by the North Sea.
3. Its population is over 57 million people.
4. There are many rivers in Great Britain; the Thames is the most important one.
5. Great Britain is a constitutional monarchy, but the power of the British Queen is limited by Parliament.
6. The British Parliament consists of the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
7. Great Britain is mainly an industrial country
8. London is the capital of the UK, its population is over 8 million people.
9. Lots of things such as clothes, food, planes, and cars are made in London.
10. The largest cities of Great Britain besides London are: Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield, Bristol, Leeds, Edinburgh.
11. Birmingham is the biggest town in the centre of England: machines, cars, TV sets are made here.
12. Manchester, in the North of England, is the centre of textile, computer, electronic and food industry.
13. It's the third largest port in Great Britain.
14. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland and one of the most beautiful cities in Europe.
15. Cardiff is the capital of Wales.
16. It Is a big port, and ships come here from all over the world.
17. Cambridge and Oxford are the oldest university towns in Great Britain.
THE USA
1. The United States of America is the fourth largest country in the world (after Russia, Canada and China).
2. It occupies the southern part of North America and stretches from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean; it also includes Alaska in the north and Hawaii.
3. The country has several different climatic regions: the coldest regions are in the North and North-East, the South has a subtropical climate.
4. America's largest rivers are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Rio Grande and the Columbia.
5. The Great Lakes on the border with Canada are the largest and deepest in the USA.
6. The population of the USA is more than 236 million people.
7. The United States is a federal union of 50 states, each of which has its own government.
8. The head of the State is the President.
9. The capital of the USA is Washington in the district of Columbia (D.C.), it is an administrative city without much industry.
10. The White House, the residence of the President is the oldest public building in Washington and one of the most beautiful.
11. There are many big cities in the USA, such as New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Dallas, Boston, San Francisco, etc.
12. New York is the city of skyscrapers, great seaport, leading textile and the financial centre of the country.
13. Chicago is one of the biggest industrial cities in the USA and the second largest after New York.
14. Los Angeles, in California, is a centre of modem industries.
15. Not far from Los Angeles is Hollywood, the centre of the US film business.
16. The USA is a highly developed industrial country.
17. It is the world's leading producer of copper and oil, iron ore and coal, the most important industries are aircraft, cars, textiles etc.
SPORTS IN OUR LIFE
1. Sport is very popular in our country.
2. Thousands of people go in for sports, because sports help people to keep in good health.
3. The most popular sports in our country are football, volleyball, basketball, hockey, gymnastics.
4. There are lots of stadiums, sports clubs and sports grounds in our country.
5. Numerous national and international matches and competitions are regularly held in Russia.
6. In summer we like to swim most of all, because swimming makes a man healthy and strong.
7. As for me, I am a football-fan.
8. I try to watch every football match on TV.
9. So, I watched the last championship held in our country.
10. Our team played very well, but didn’t go to quarter-final.
11. I felt very much upset.
12. The most important sport events are Olympic Games, Summer and Winter Games are held separately.
13. Thousands of athletes, journalists and guests come to the Games, and it takes great efforts to arrange everything.
14. The latest Winter Olympic Games were held 2014 year in Sochi.
15. Russian sportsmen got a lot of medals for their records in many sports events.
TRAVELLING
1. Millions of people all over the world spend their holidays travelling.
2. They travel to see other countries and continents, modem cities and the ruins of ancient towns.
3. It is always interesting to discover new things, different ways of life, to meet different people, to try different food.
4. Those who live in the country like to go to a big city and spend their time visiting museums and art galleries, looking at shop windows and dining at exotic restaurants.
5. City dwellers usually like a quiet holiday by the sea or in the mountains, with nothing to do but walk and bathe and laze in the sun.
6. Most travellers and holiday-makers take a camera with them and take pictures of everything that interests them - the sights of a city, old churches and castles, views of mountains, lakes, valleys, plains, waterfalls, forests; different kinds of trees, flowers and plants; animals and birds.
7. People travel by train, by plane, by boat and by car.
8. If you want to get somewhere as quickly as possible the best way is to travel by plane.
9. A lot of people prefer travelling by train, it’s slower but cheaper.
10. Through the train windows you can enjoy fields, rivers, lakes, nice views, sunrises and sunsets.
11. Cruising is the most expensive way of travelling, but you can have a luxurious cabin and watch the sea.
12. Of course, it is good if you don’t feel seasick.
13. There are other ways of travelling, if you are an adventurer you can travel by hitch-hiking, bicycles, on horseback.
14. Coach tours are not expensive and I like them very much.
15. They are planned as holidays and there is a chance to do a lot of sightseeing and have a good rest at the same time.
16. The best way to study geography is to travel, and the best way to get to know and understand the people is to meet them in their own homes.
HOBBY
1. Hobby is a favourite occupation of a person in his free time.
2. People are very different and they have different kinds of hobbies.
3. If you have chosen a hobby according to your character and taste you are lucky because your life becomes more interesting.
4. Hobbles are divided into four large classes: doing things, making things, collecting things, and learning things.
5. The most popular of all hobby groups is doing things.
6. It includes a wide variety of activities, everything from gardening to travelling and from chess to volleyball.
7. Gardening is one of the oldest of man's hobbies.
8. Both grown-ups and children are fond of playing different computer games and surfing the net, it becomes the most popular.
9. Making things includes drawing, painting, making sculpture, designing costumes, handicrafts.
10. Two of the most famous hobby painters were President Eisenhower and Sir Winston Churchill.
11. Some hobbyists write music or play musical instruments.
12. Some, for example, like to knit very much, in the evening they sits on the sofa and knit a beautiful pullover or a sweater.
13. One of my friends likes to make everything with his own hands, he can repair an iron, a radio-set or a computer.
14. A lot of people are very fond of collecting: some collect old coins, others collect postcards.
15. Sometimes such private collections are given to museums, libraries and public galleries so that others might take pleasure in seeing them.
16. No matter what kind of hobby a person has, he always has the opportunity of learning from it.
ABOUT MYSELF
1. Let me introduce myself, my full name is …
2. I was born on (month), (day), (year) in (place).
3. Now I am a ( …-year) student at the Faculty of Psychology of (…) University.
4. I am (tall/ not very tall) and (slim/not very slim) and have (fair/ brown/ dark) hair and (blue, green, brown) eyes.
5. Among my hobbies I can point out ( reading, theatre, swimming, dancing, etc.).
6. I prefer (classical, modern, rock music) and my favorite (compositor, singer, band) is …
7. I spend much if not all of my money on (books, entertaining, clothes, etc.).
8. My family is (big, small). There are (2,3,4,etc.) members.
9. My father's name is … and he works as…
10. My mother's name is… and she works in…
11. My (youngest/ elders sister/brother) is a (pupil, student, doctor, etc.)
12. (Her/his) name is and (he/she) is … years old.
13. I also have / I do not have pet. It’s a (dog/cat, etc.)
14. In May I have finished school №
15. My favourite subjects at school were…
16. I have chosen to study Psychology, because I want to help people.
SEASONS
1. There are four seasons in a year: spring, summer, autumn and winter.
2. Every season is beautiful in its own way.
3. When spring comes nature awakens from its long winter sleep, the days become longer and the nights become shorter.
4. The ground is covered with emerald-green grass and the first flowers.
5. The air is fresh, the sky is blue and cloudless, and the sun shines brightly, The trees are in full blossom.
6. The days are warm and everything is full of life and joy.
7. Spring is followed by summer.
8. The weather is usually fine in summer, but it can be very hot, especially in July and August.
9. In summer people try to get away from the city noise and spend more time in the open air.
10. They go on holiday, sunbathe, swim in the sea and rivers, go fishing and boating.
11. Autumn begins in September, the days become shorter and the nights become longer.
12. The leaves turn yellow, red and brown and fall to the ground, most birds fly away to warm countries.
13. There is a short spell of dry sunny weather in September, which is called Indian Summer.
14. It is a beautiful time when the sky is cloudless, the trees around is golden, the air is transparent and it is still warm.
15. It often rains in October and November, which makes autumn an unpleasant season.
16. In winter the sun sets early and rises late, the rivers and lakes are frozen over, everything is covered with snow.
17. Sometimes it is very cold; people go in for skating, skiing and sledging.
18. As for me, I like all the seasons, but I think there is nothing like late spring.
HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
1. Nowadays people live under the press of different problems, such as social, ecological, economic and others.
2. They constantly suffer from stress, noise and dust in big cities, diseases and instability.
3. A person should be strong and healthy in order to overcome all difficulties.
4. To achieve this aim people ought to take care of their physical and mental health.
5. The state of your body depends on how much time you spend doing sports.
6. The healthiest kinds of sports are swimming, running and cycling.
7. Healthy food is also a very important factor, because overeating causes many dangerous diseases.
8. The daily menu should include meat, fruit and vegetables, milk product, which are rich in vitamins, fat, proteins and etc.
9. On the other hand modern diets are very popular especially among women; however diets may be harmful, if they are used in the wrong way.
10. To be healthy, people should get rid of their bad habits.
11. It's necessary to stop smoking and drinking much.
12. You cannot have a healthy lifestyle without balance.
13. Everyone should remember that cigarettes, alcohol and drugs destroy both body and brain.
14. In addition it is recommended to watch TV less, avoid anxiety and observe daily routine.
15. Certainly it's hard to follow all these recommendations, but every person has to choose between healthy life style and numerous illnesses.
THE CRIMEA
1. We live in the Crimean Autonomous Republic which is the part of Ukraine.
2. It has its own territory, government, state flag, emblem and anthem.
3. The seat of the Crimean autonomous government is Simferopol, the administrative centre of the republic.
4. The Crimean Peninsula is located in the southern part of Ukraine and is washed by the Black Sea on three sides, and Asov Sea in the North-East.
5. The territory of the Crimea is mostly plain called a steppe, with mountains in the South and East.
6. The Crimean Mountains are not very high.
7. They are covered with mixed forests of the Crimean pine, oak, beech and lime.
8. The Crimean Mountains are very important climate-forming factor, for the South Coast of the Crimea, where the climate is close to Mediterranean.
9. The highest summer temperature is about 40 and the lowest winter temperature is about -5.
10. Generally frost and snow are rather rare in our region, but sometimes it is cold enough, especially in the northern and western districts.
11. In Yevpatoriya or Krasnoperekopsk, for instance, it may be awfully cold.
12. The health-resort and tourist business are an essential part of the Crimea's economics.
13. Due to its geographical position and climatic conditions the Crimea is rather an agricultural than industrial region.
14. Wheat, vegetables and fruit are abundant here.
15. The Crimean grapes, high quality wines, volatile oil plants have always been the special pride and care of the republic.
16. Among the industrial goods produced in the Crimea one should mention TV and radio-sets, chemicals, all kinds of consumer goods.
17. Large factories and plants are mostly concentrated in cities and towns, such as Simferopol, Sebastopol, Kerch, Feodosia, Chernomorsk, Djankoy, Yevpatoriya, Armyansk and others.
18. The population of the Crimea is mostly Russian speaking people, but there are also many Ukrainians, Tatars, Bulgarians, Greeks, Armenians and Koreans.
THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
1. The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world.
2. The country is situated in Eastern Europe, Northern and Central Asia. Its total area is over 17 million square km.
3. In the south and in the west the country borders on fourteen countries. It also has a sea-border with the USA.
4. Our country has numerous forests, plains and steppes, taiga and tundra, highlands and deserts.
5. The highest mountains in our land are the Altai, the Urals and the Caucasus.
6. There are over two thousands rivers in the Russian Federation; the longest of them are the Volga, the Ob, the Yenisei, the Lena and the Amur.
7. The climate conditions are rather different: from arctic and moderate to continental and subtropical.
8. Our country is one of the richest in natural resources countries in the world: oil, natural gas, coal, different ores, ferrous and non-ferrous metals and other minerals.
9. The Russian Federation is a multinational state.
10. It comprises many national districts, several autonomous republics and regions.
11. The population of the country is over 140 million people.
12. Moscow is the capital of our Homeland.
13. Russian is the official language of the state.
14. The national symbol of the Russian Federation is a white-blue-red banner.
15. The Russian Federation is a constitutional republic headed by the President, the country government consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial.
16. The foreign policy of the Russian Federation is that of international cooperation, peace and friendship with all nations irrespective of their political and social systems.
MY PLANS FOR FUTURE
1. My name is …
2. I study at Sevastopol City Humanitarian University at the Faculty of Psychology
3. I often think about my future and my goals in life.
4. One of the things I would like to do in the future is to do a research in medical psychology.
5. I am a very practical person, so I think about the employment opportunities in my field.
6. I would like to say that university gives very good background knowledge of subject.
7. But this knowledge is too general. Most graduates are only theoretically prepared for work.
8. We don't have many practical courses and those we have are very weak.
9. It is still difficult to find a well paid job in psychology.
10. Most of people still don't realize the importance of psychology and hire them just because of a fashion.
11. But you can always start your own business and have your private practice.
12. You only need a license and a working experience.
13. Private psychologists and psychoanalysists are very popular and well-paid abroad!
14. And I want to help people with their problems.
15. I feel great potential to develop and create new approaches of researching of the most common problems in Psychology.
Грамматический справочник
Существительное
Существительным называется часть речи, обозначающая предметы в широком смысле слова: неодушевленные предметы book книга, живые существа dog собака, явления frost мороз, названия действий movement движение, абстрактные понятия beauty красота, history история и др.
По своему лексическому значению существительные делятся на:
Собственные, которые являются индивидуальными названиями отдельных лиц, предметов или явлений: имена, фамилии, географические названия, названия книг, газет и т.д. Имена собственные пишутся с заглавной буквы: John, Charles Dickens, Trafalgar Square, Moscow, the United Kingdom, Victory Day, Tuesday, March.
Нарицательные, представляющие собой общие названия для всех однородных предметов. Они обозначают отдельные предметы, различные вещества, признаки, действия, состояния, чувства и т.д.
room – комната
lesson – урок, занятие
Нарицательные существительные делятся на исчисляемые и неисчисляемые.
Исчисляемые существительные обозначают предметы, которые можно сосчитать:
horse – лошадь
conference – конференция
Они употребляются как в единственном, так и во множественном числе.
Неисчисляемые существительные обозначают предметы и понятия, которые счету не поддаются:
air – воздух
weather – погода
Неисчисляемые существительные не имеют формы множественного числа, не могут употребляться с количественными числительными и неопределенным артиклем.
Некоторые существительные, такие как advice – совет, money – деньги и др., не имеют формы множественного числа и перед ними не употребляется неопределенный артикль.
Образование множественного числа имен существительных
Множественное число существительных (кроме тех, у которых основа оканчивается на -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -х) образуется путем прибавления к основе окончания -s.
a boy – boys, a trick – tricks, a pen – pens, a girl – girls.
Множественное число существительных, основа которых оканчивается на -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -х, а также существительных, имеющих, как правило, окончание -о, образуется путем прибавления к основе окончания -еs.
a bench – benches, a bus – buses, a glass – glasses, a box – boxes, a potato – potatoes.
Существительные, оканчивающиеся на -у (после согласной), во множественном числе имеют окончание -ies.
an army – armies, a fly – flies, a lady – ladies.
Конечное -f(-fe), как правило, меняется на -ves. Например:
a calf – calves, a knife – knives, a shelf – shelves, a wife – wives (но: roof – roofs).
Ряд существительных образует множественное число не по общим правилам:
а) изменяется корневая гласная:
a man – men, a woman – women, a foot – feet, a tooth – teeth, a goose – geese, a mouse – mice;
б) добавляется окончание -еn:
an ox – oxen, a child – children;
в) заимствуются формы единственного и множественного числа из латинского и греческого языков:
a formula – formulae (formulas), a crisis – crises, a criterion – criteria, an index – indices, a bacterium – bacteria.
В английском языке есть существительные, которые имеют одну (общую) форму для единственного и множественного числа:
a deer (олень) – deer (олени), a sheep (овца) – sheep (овцы), a fish (рыба) – fish (рыбы), swine (свинья) – swine (свиньи).
Некоторые существительные имеют только единственное число:
money(деньги), hair (волосы), weather (погода), advice (совет), information (информация), news (новости), knowledge (знания), furniture (мебель), luggage (багаж).
Некоторые – только множественное число:
Clothes (одежда), goods (товары), jeans (джинсы).
Только во множественном числе употребляются обозначения предметов, состоящих из двух и более частей:
Trousers (брюки), scissors (ножницы), shorts (шорты), glasses (очки).