Participle as a Second Action

The participle may express a second action pas­sive in meaning. With terminative verbs, the participle indicates a preceding action; with durative - simul­taneous with predicate:

§ Shocked ¹ by the poverty of my own vocabulary, I went² to the British Museum library.

§ She sat by the window, lighted up by the setting sun.

The participle in this function may take different posi­tions in the sentence:

§ Suddenly touched, the girl kissed him.

§ The girl kissed him, suddenly touched.

EXERCISES:

Ex. 131. Choose between the infinitive and the ing-formas a second action accompanying the action of the predicate verb:

1.I returned to my room one afternoon ... Rex waiting for me. (to find) 2.That evening they sat on the back porch, ... the twilight filter down through the leaves of the trees. (to watch) 3.I looked at her for a minute, not ... . (to understand) 4.Michael went home ... that his little son was taken ill. (to hear) 5.And so I spent three years ... an immense amount of very dull stuff, not one-tenth of which I ever used. (to learn) 6.She was approaching slowly, ... her feet. (to drag) 7.He arrived on the doorstep ... Peter fumbling with the lock, and they entered together. (to find) 8.I spent the rest of the day ... whether I was annoyed or not. (to wonder) 9.They went off, ... us to face the situation. (to leave) 10.... to Sam talking of his sister, I thought of Ellen alone in her flat in the same town. (to listen) 11.I came home one evening ... him sitting on the stairs outside the front door of the flat. (to discover) 12.He must have had a jolly time at lunch ... there ignored. (to sit) 13.My father was out and returned ... me in a condition of fever­ish anxiety. (to find) 14.Next morning, ... me in the hall, she told me that she was too tired to go out. (to meet) 15.He relapsed into sullenness, ... that he was too busy. (to say) 16.Sam spent some of his money ... her a present for her looking after his mother. (to buy) 17.... out of the house, Cliff practically walked into me. (to come) 18.The French teacher sat at her desk ... papers when Rudy led his father into the classroom. (to correct) 19.The snow turned into a cold rain. He awakened many times ... it falling on his face. (to feel) 20.They had difficulty ... new clothes for her. (to find) 21.We sat down out there, not quite ... what to do next. (to know) 22.As she talked to me, she took me by the arm, ... towards the door. (to walk) 23.She reached her house that night ... her manager waiting for her. (to find) 24.I spent hours ... the pros and cons of either course of action. (to balance) 25.We wouldn't have much trouble ... it. (to prove)

Ex. 132. Translate the following into English using ing-forms to express second actions accompanying the action of the predicate verb:

1.Я посидел там немного, просто наблюдая людей. 2.Они оба остановились, прислушиваясь к голосам на лест­нице. 3.О, Берт, я никогда не думала, что буду заканчивать свою жизнь, заворачивая какие-то старинные предметы в обер­точную бумагу. 4.Бернард был еще в Шотландии, где он гостил у родственни­ков. 5.Джек покачал головой, выражая свое несогласие. 6.Я лежал в постели и думал об этом весь день. 7.Какой-то человек вышел из дома. Он нес гитару. 8.Динни наверху. Она читает моему сыну. 9.Минуту мы стояли не двигаясь, не в состоянии понять, что происходит. 10.Он смотрел на подарок, не веря своим глазам. 11.Он сидел у камина, пытаясь читать вечернюю газету. 12.Он стоял на верхней площадке лестницы и наблюдал, как его жена разбирает письма. 13.Он ходил по дому, тихо улыбаясь. 14.Он был в классе один и проверял тетради. 15.Ты был бы счастлив, живя со мною в деревне.

Ex. 133. Translate the following into English using ing-forms to denote a second action afterto spend (to waste) time, to have a good (hard, etc.) time andto have difficulty (trouble):

1.Она провела весенние каникулы, катаясь на лыжах с роди­телями. 2.Она без труда найдет для тебя работу в Голливуде. 3.Когда я пришла домой, я целый час убирала комнату. 4.Она обычно проводила утро, загорая на пляже. 5.Большую часть своего времени они проводили, читая или слушая музыку. 6.Им трудно жилось в Дублине. 7.Мне было трудно вспомнить имя этого человека. 8.Мы с трудом нашли такси ночью. 9.Не теряя ни минуты, он поехал в Лондон. 10.Мы очень весело потанцевали. 11.Она с трудом заставила ребенка съесть завтрак. 12.Я потерял два часа, ожидая тебя на станции. 13.Ей было скучно присматривать за теткой. 14.Я не хочу надоедать тебе своими рассказами весь вечер. 15.В молодости я потерял очень много времени, читая книги, которые не принесли мне большой пользы. 16.Все свое свободное время я читал и писал.

UNIT 25

VERBALS AS OBJECT

Infinitive as Object

We find the infinitive as object after some verbs:

§ Margaret continued to visit Jack in hospital.

§ He did not want to be left alone.

§ I pretended to be listening.

The infinitive as object is used after modal phrases can afford and can bear in negative and interrogative forms:

§ Can you afford to go on such an expensive trip?

§ I couldn’t bear to damage him.

The infinitive is used after set phrases: to make up one’s mind

to take care, to take the trouble

to make sure

§ I took care to ask Strickland nothing about his own doings.

§ The next day he made sure to buy a copy of the newspaper.

After to help the infinitive is used with or with­out to:

§ Helen will help (to) make tea.

§ Will you help (to) talk her out of it?

As object of an adjec­tive the infinitive is always used with to:

§ I am curious to know the news.

§ He would be crazy not to do so.

Occasionally a for-phrase is used as subject of the infinitive:

§ He was eager for me to start on my new job.

§ I am prepared for everyoneto accuse me of being foolish.

The infinitive may be part of a wh-phrase (whether, what, who, whom, how, etc.) and is always used with to:

§ He went away, not knowing whereto turn or whatto do.

§ He could not decide whetherto speak or not.

The infinitive is used with it as subject:

§ It pleased her to see how other chil­dren played with her son.

§ It does me good to watch her playing with the other children.

§ It took several days for her to fully realize it.

§ It was his turn to cook breakfast.

The in­finitive is also found after adjectives and ing-forms with it as a subject:

§ It was surprising to hear his voice.

§ It was unwise to be rude to David.

Note: it is worth while + Infinitive

is worth + ing-form

§ It might be worth whileto mention that there is a train soon.

§ Do you think it is worthopening a shop somewhere?

ing-form as Object

The ing-form (not Infinitive) is used as a direct object after the fol­lowing verbs:

to avoid	to give up	to mind (- ,?)	to remember
to begin	to go on	to postpone	to resume
to continue	to hate	to pre­fer	to risk
to delay	to keep	to propose	to start
to enjoy	to like	to put off	to stop
to finish	to love	to quit	to suggest
to forget	to mention	to recollect	to try

§ Few writers avoided making mistakes.

§ The rest of us finished eating.

§ Roger went on speaking with energy.

§ He kept on smiling at her and speaking.

The ing-form as object is used after some modal phrases in the negative:

can’t bear	They can’t bear being humiliated.
can’t face	She couldn’t face being talked about.
can’t fancy	I can’t fancy seeing you here.
can’t imagine	I can’t imagine seeing you here.
can’t stand	He can’t stand being laughed at.
can’t help	He couldn’t help asking me.

The ing-form is also used after the set phrase to feel like:

§ I didn’t feel like talking to him after what had happened.

§ I don’t feel like eating anything.

The ing-form may be a direct object of ad­jectives — busy and worth:

§ The man was busy shouting.

§ He thought my idea was worth trying.

The ing-form is found after verbs that need a preposition­al object:

I. The verbs of the first group are closely connected with a preposition:

to agree to	to care for	to get down to	to result in
to apologise for	to complain of	to grumble about	to save from
to approve of	to consist of	to insist on	to succeed in
to believe in	to dream of	to lead to	to talk of
to bother about	to end in	to long for	to think of/about

II. Verbs requiring a non-prepositional + prepositional object:

to ac­cuse somebody of	to remind somebody of
to amuse somebody with	to restrict oneself to
to ask somebody about	to save somebody from
to charge somebody with	to stop somebody from
to keep some­body from	to suspect somebody of
to persuade somebody into	to tell something about

§ Did she suspect them of trying to cheat her?

The ing-form as a prepositional object is also found af­ter adjectives:

(un)accustomed to	(un)conscious of	keen on
afraid of	embarrassed at	pleased at
amused at	ex­cited about	proud of
angry with	fortunate in	responsible for
ashamed of	furious at	right in
(in)capable of	good (better) at	skilled in/at
careful about/in	happy in/at	successful in/at
careless of	interested in	sur­prised at
clever at	irritated at	upset at

§ If only I were capable of doing that!

Sometimes the ing-form is used after ad­jectives: amusing, comfortable, difficult, easy, great, lovely, nice, odd, pleasant, strange, useless, wonderful, etc.:

§ It won’t be easy finding our way - there’s not much moon.

§ It will be rather nice seeing him again.

§ It was useless arguing with Jane.

Infinitive and ing-form as Object Compared

As an object the infinitive and the ing-form are lexically dependent: according to a tradition some verbs require an infinitive and others an ing-form. Yet, after some verbs it is possible to use either verbal. The overlap in the use of infinitive and ing-form is caused by several reasons:

1) The infinitive expresses a following action, while the ing-form denotes a preceding action:

§ Bart remembered to count five before answering his father.

§ I forgot to tell John about the party.

§ I remember seeing to him.

§ He regretted hurting her feelings.

2)	to remember	+ ing-form
	to regret
	to forget	+ Infinitive

3) With some other verbs the infinitive and the ing-form are interchangeable: to begin, to cease, to con­tinue, to hate, to intend, to like, to love, to neglect, to prefer and to start.

Note 1:there are other verbs in English denoting the beginning, the continuation or the end of an action which are associat­ed with only one of the two verbals. Thus, to commence and to set out are used with infinitive and to finish, to keep, to keep on, to leave off, and to set about take an ing-form.

Note 2: after the verb to stop the object is always expressed by an ing-form:

§ She stopped speaking, as though waiting for him to speak.

The infinitive after to stop can serve only as an adverbial modifier of purpose. It is usually separated from the verb to stop by an object or an adverbial modifier.

§ As I stopped at the bar to have a drink I saw them talking it over.

If the infinitive happens to follow the head-verb immediately it is to be regard­ed as accidental. Examples of this kind are of rare occurrence.

§ I stopped to ask if you were better. They told me you were on duty.

Note 3: The infinitive and the ing-form may serve as object to verbs generally requiring a prepositional object. These verbs are: to agree, to aim, to care, to hesi­tate, to long, to plan and to threaten:

§ “I may plan on living in London for the rest of my life,” said George.

§ Everything you’ve planned to do is sensible.

§ He was still hesitating about joining the expedition.

§ They didn’t hesitate to make free use of his purse.

As an object of an adjective, the infinitive and the ing-form are lexically dependent. Both verbals may be found after the following adjec­tives: afraid, amazed, annoyed, ashamed, astonished, careful, certain, content, fortunate, fright­ened, furious, happy, keen, proud, right, scared, set, slow, sorry, sure, surprised, touched and wrong. The ing-form is always used as a prepositional object after them:

Cf. I was touched to find my own name on the invitation list.

How touched she was at seeing him there.

After some adjectives, however, the infinitive tends to express a single following action (a), while the ing-form is preferred when simultaneous or preceding actions are expressed (b):

§ In fact, I’m afraid to ask. (a)

§ I’m always afraid of getting caught. (b)

§ I was afraid to go in. (a)

§ Were you ever afraid of losing your mind? (b)

§ I thought that I should be wiser not to go. (a)

§ I thought she wasn’t very wise in telling us that. (b)

Yet it should be pointed out that on the whole the infinitive is more common after all the above listed adjectives; the ing-form is somewhat literary in style. The use of the infinitive and the ing-form with certain other adjectives is associated with a change of meaning of the adjec­tive, for example: grateful, good, interested, etc.

§ The apples are good to eat (= the apples are good for eating).

§ I’m not very good at driving (= I don’t very well know how to drive).

EXERCISES:

Ex. 134. Choose between the infinitive and the ing-formas direct object to the predicate verb:

1.I wished ... quite fair. (to be) 2.I expected ... him in the drawing room but he wasn't there. (to find) 3.I enjoyed ... to her talk of Viennese society in the days of her youth. (to listen) 4.Reggie promised ... in. (to look) 5.I wanted ... him up. (to cheer) 6.Jerry was enjoying himself and did not want ... away. I sug­gested ... him and ... him meet us at the station. (to come, to leave, to let) 7.Everything you've planned ... is sensible. (to do) 8.Riley offered ... into town and ... some coffee. (to drive, to get) 9.He longs ... down and ... a quiet country life. (to settle, to live) 10.Kate avoided ... John alone. (to see) 11.You keep ... things in Latin and you know I can't understand. (to say) 12.He proceeded ... this by his own story. (to illustrate) 13.Her eyes were full and bright. She did not pretend ... her nervousness. (to hide) 14.Jack asked the stewardess for some stationery and, when it came, set about ... a letter to his son. (to compose) 15.Renny was often dead right, more often than I cared ... . (to remember) 16.He sat there sullenly and refused ... . (to answer) 17.I didn't mind ... about them a bit. (to think) 18.He had just finished ... up a suitcase. (to strap) 19.He did not hesitate ... such methods. (to employ) 20.We arranged ... . (to meet) 21.He stopped ... and went into the bathroom to turn the water on for the bath. (to whistle) 22.His sister-in-law certainly needed ... after. (to look) 23.As I grew ... him I began ... him. (to know, to like) 24.We can't afford ... you. (to waste) 25.I can't help ... Sophy. (to like) 26.Arthur had managed ... it his way. (to do) 27.I couldn't resist ... such a lovely hat. (to buy) 28.She says she can't imagine not ... his key in the lock. (to hear) 29.I hadn't understood why, the previous summer, he had given up ... ... Roger. (to attempt, to see) 30.I notice that you took the trouble ... your picture into all the papers. (to get) 31.I have been meaning ... you about it. (to ask) 32.Then he condescended ... himself. (to explain) 33.He denied ... anything about the missing document. (to know) 34.Last week you mentioned ... us a different reading book. We're nearly finished ... this one. (to get, to read) 35.You certainly mustn't miss ... this wonderful film. (to see) 36.Mary tended ... upset by her failures. (to be) 37.Tears filled her eyes and ran down her cheeks. She did not trouble ... them away. (to wipe) 38.He is considering ... a book about his war experience. (to write) 39.She put off ... the news to her father. (to break) 40.Looking back on it, I think it would have been better, for all concerned, if we had never attempted ... . (to interfere) 41.He got out of bed and prepared ... . (to shave) 42.I wondered if you felt like ... out for a dance? (to come) 43.He had made up his mind ... in Dick. (to confide) 44.I considered ... the ceiling blue. (to paint) 45.He asked ... the cheque, and it was produced. (to see) 46.She couldn't go on ... alone in that great house. (to live) 47.I've got a fifty-percent chance of doing what I set out ... . (to do)

Ex. 135. Choose between the infinitive and the ing-formas direct object after verbs that admit of both forms:

1.She tried ... an interest in my work. (to take) 2.To learn to write I tried ... words or the order in which they were set. (to alter) 3.Why didn't you try ... yourself a job? (to find) 4.She tried ..., but her fingers were numb. (to knit) 5.Margaret and I were upset and the others went on ... ... us up. (to try, to cheer) 6.The article went on ... that Miss MacLean was born in Dublin and still had relations living there. (to say) 7.He went on ... about his children. (to talk) 8.He proposed ... to the theatre that night, but Elisa said she was tired. (to go) 9.I propose ... a boat with the money. (to buy) 10.In the following pages I propose ... the story of Goethe's life. (to tell) 11.One of them proposed ... out later on to watch the children dancing. (to go) 12.I must remember ... the others not to mention it to Willy. (to tell) 13.Yes, I remember ... the letter on the mantelpiece. (to see) 14.I remember ... for a drive by a kind lady who wanted to show me round. (to take) 15.I must remember ... through my pockets. (to look) 16.I remember ... to hear endless incidents from my mother's childhood. (to have) 17.I must remember not ..., he thought, and must lose some weight. I look like a fat grocer. (to slouch) 18.The general never forgot ... his boys out for a drive one Sun­day day in June. (to take) 19.Don't forget ... the door when you decide to go to bed. (to lock) 20.I now regretted not ... with her, but it was too late to run after her. (to go) 21.I regret ... you but you ought to know the facts. (to disappoint) 22.I think he was beginning ... it. (to doubt) 23.She could not begin ... . (to unpack) 24.Harriet cleared her throat and began ... her pockets for ciga­rettes. (to search) 25.He began ... the draft of a new plan that afternoon, just to see how it looks. (to write) 26.Without waiting for his reply she began ... the plums. (to gather) 27.Meanwhile he never ceased ... at his art. (to work) 28.I have now eaten turtle soup so often that I have ceased ... upon it as a luxury. (to look) 29.Margaret continued ... his wife in hospital. (to visit) 30.He continued ... the tune. (to hum) 31.I liked ... with the dog. (to play) 32.I liked ... lodgings of my own, where I could be by myself. (to have) 33.He liked ... up late into the night smoking his pipe and drink­ing a glass of whiskey. (to sit) 34.She asked him whether he hated ... as much as she did. (to fly) 35.I hated ... of her wishes being forced in any way. (to think) 36.She hates ... for television. (to work) 37.I hate ... it, but I think I can understand her Daddy. (to admit) 38.Outside, the church bells started ... . (to ring) 39.He started ... back to the hotel. (to walk) 40.It's started ... . (to rain)

Ex. 136. Translate the following into English using infinitives or ing-forms as direct object:

1.Она стала плакать. (to begin) 2.Я захотел что-нибудь узнать о нем. (to want) 3.Он совсем проснулся и хотел почитать, но единственной книгой в комнате была Библия. (to feel like) 4.Поль не нуждается в защите. (to need) 5.Он любил находиться в обществе своих родственников. (to like) 6.Он непрерывно поглядывал на часы и, выпив чай, сказал, что должен возвращаться. (to keep) 7.Теперь я начинал понимать кое-что. (to begin) 8.Вскоре я перестал быть полезным им. (to cease) 9.Дэн не мог удержаться от того, чтобы не показать свою работу. (to resist) 10.Даже в затемненной комнате я не мог не видеть, что лицо миссис Джоунз распухло от слез. (cannot help) 11.Все то январское утро телефон настойчиво звонил в моем кабинете. (to keep) 12.Я предложил найти доктора и привести его к Эду. (to pro­pose) 13.Я не думаю, чтобы он упоминал о том, что навещал их. (to mention) 14.Они забыли пригласить меня. (to forget) 15.Я никогда не забуду, как я гостил в вашем доме в Кенте. (to forget) 16.Я пытаюсь читать. (to try) 17.Мне не хотелось оставлять его одного в горе, и я предложил отвезти его к себе домой. (to want, to offer) 18.Я отложил письмо к нему на завтра. (to put off) 19.Я не мог вынести, чтобы ко мне относились так холодно. (to endure) 20.Она не возражала против того, чтобы быть одной в коттед­же. (to mind) 21.Я. всерьез принялся писать короткие рассказы. (to set about) 22.Он был рад, что она позаботилась написать ему. (to take the trouble.) 23.Ты помнишь, как ты привез виноградный сок в этот дом в то утро? (to remember) 24.Ты не забыл послать деньги в Лидс? (to remember) 25.Я решил не беспокоить Роджера этим делом. (to decide) 26.O, я думаю, вам понравится жить здесь, когда наступит лето. (to enjoy) 27.Он пробовал выращивать там картошку. (to try) 28.Я знал, что он старается накопить немного денег. (to try) 29.Мы не будем просить, чтобы вы взяли нас с собой. (to ask) 30.Я устал притворяться, что я пишу или читаю. (to pretend) 31.Мне не хотелось шутить. (to feel like) 32.Я отказываюсь взять на себя ответственность за твои дейст­вия. (to refuse) 33.Он старался избежать встречи с кем-нибудь, кого он знал. (to avoid) 34.Несмотря на дождь, мы продолжали ждать. (to go on) 35.В эти дни он не мог позволить себе опаздывать. (cannot afford) 36.Хью прочитал в одной американской газете рецензию на эту книгу и предложил купить ее для их библиотеки. (to suggest) 37.Когда я вернулся в дом, я не забыл стереть с лица дождь. (to remember) 38.Я помню, что как-то говорил тебе об этом, Льюис. (to re­member) 39.Возможно, что Молли пожалела, что она так много болта­ла. (to regret) 40.Она все больше и больше боялась, что останется одна с деть­ми. (to dread) 41.Остальные, без суеты, согласились принять участие. (to agree) 42.Ее друзья обещали присылать ей работу. (to promise) 43.Она села у камина и приготовилась рассказывать свои но­вости. (to prepare) 44.Он продолжал упорно звонить в гостиницу, спрашивая, нет ли для него каких-либо сообщений. (to keep) 45.Вы хотите взглянуть на него? (to care) 46.Он не удостоил их ответом. (to trouble) 47.Утром он начал переносить вещи в комнату внизу. (to start)

Ex. 137. Use the required form of the infinitive or the ing-formin their function of direct object:

1.He enjoyed ... . (to need) 2.Willy began ... softly. (to whistle) 3.In my experience most people mind ... at. (to laugh) 4.I don't suppose your wife wants ... with me now. (to bother) 5.I knew that Charles had regretted ... me. (to invite) 6.He pretended ... when his mother came into his room to look at him. (to sleep) 7.She didn't like ... with. (to differ) 8.He pretended not ... as if the compliment were purely formal. (to hear) 9.He prefers … by the name of John Brown. (to know) 10.I don't like … with. (to interfere) 11.I set about … all the names from the diary. (to erase) 12.Bob asked … to a room where he could wash and change his clothes. (to show) 13.I disliked ... Harry. (to call) 14.We stopped in front of the dance hall and pretended ... inside. (to look) 15.Maurice sat on the bench, with the picture on his knee, as though he would not risk ... from it. (to part) 16.I didn't want ... his feelings. (to hurt) 17.He said it was too late, and in any case he didn't like ... off. (to see)

Ex. 138. Choose between the infinitive and the ing-formto use it as direct object to an adjective:

1.Dick was clearly anxious ..., and I was rather hurt ... Clare apparently equally keen ... so. (to go, to find, to do) 2.Words have weight, sound and appearance; it is only by considering these that you can write a sentence that is good ... at and good ... to. (to look, to listen) 3.I was busy ... to figure out whether he had told me the truth. (to try) 4.His brother's emotion was not easy ... . (to discern) 5.His proposition was worth ... . (to consider) 6.Everyone in this room is competent ... an opinion. (to express) 7.The picture is definitely worth ... . (to buy) 8.You see, a lot of us are prone ... it. (to forget) 9.The girl was very wise ... their advice. (to take) 10.He was busy ... on the new play. (to work) 11.I was fascinated ... the two of them together. (to watch) 12.Charles was slow ... what Mr March was feeling. (to see) 13.The little girl was busy ... out pages from the telephone direc­tory. (to tear) 14.It must be admitted that this writer is not hard ... . (to imi­tate)

Ex. 139. Translate the following into English using infinitives or ing-forms as direct objects to adjectives:

1.Работу все еще было трудно найти, и мне не очень везло первые несколько дней. (hard) 2.Ее нижняя губа задрожала, как будто она готова была раз­рыдаться. (ready) 3.Ее улыбка быстро пропала. «Твой приход —чистое безу­мие». (crazy) 4.Мама была занята приготовлением обеда на кухне. (busy) 5.Он попрощался со мной за руку: «Мне жаль, что приходит­ся уходить». (sorry) 6.Некоторое время я был очень доволен, что мог побыть один. (content) 7.Песню стоило записать на магнитофон. (worth) 8.Он быстро сообразил, что случилось. (quick) 9.За их спором было трудно следить. (hard) 10.Рано или поздно вы обязательно услышите об этом. (cer­tain) 11.Он жил на те скромные деньги, которые его отец сумел отложить. (able) 12.Об этой новости стоило написать его отцу. (worth) 13.Он был очень доволен, что застал брата дома. (delighted) 14.В такой день что-нибудь неизбежно должно было случить­ся. (sure) 15.Я не был достаточно заинтересован в том, чтобы продол­жать спор. (interested) 16.Вам повезло, что вы живете в таком красивом месте. (lucky) 17.Его жена была в Лондоне. Она занималась тем, что подыс­кивала новое жилье. (busy) 18.Вероятно, я этого не сделаю. (likely) 19.Таких результатов невозможно достичь. (impossible) 20.Я удивился, когда мне позвонил Чарльз. (surprised) 21.Я глубоко уважал ее и гордился знакомством с нею. (proud) 22.Я был волен уходить и приходить, когда хотел. (free) 23.Ожидалось, что его самолет вылетит в час. (due) 24.Я очень огорчился, найдя его таким больным. (distressed) 25.Этого человека легко было понять. (easy) 26.Я видел, что ему очень не хочется уходить. (reluctant) 27.Он был теперь полон решимости остаться там. (determined) 28.Дорис не так легко было принять это предложение. (easy) 29.Когда я прибыл, он был занят стрижкой газона. (busy) 30.Его коллекцию марок стоило посмотреть. (worth)

Ex. 140. Translate the following into English using wh-phrases:

1.Теперь он не знал, как провести день. 2.Я больше не знаю, кому верить. 3.Мы сидели несколько минут молча. Мы не знали, о чем разговаривать. 4.Я не знал, благодарить его снова или нет. 5.Он снял очки и тщетно искал, чем бы их протереть. 6.Я не мог решить, где его искать. 7.Он, казалось, не был уверен, по какой дороге идти. 8.Он научился ладить с такими людьми. 9.Осень не подходящее для путешествий время года. 10.У него осталось мало времени для сна. 11.Филипп не знал, уходить ему или оставаться. 12.Там было слишком много ножей, вилок и ложек, и он не знал, что с ними делать. 13.«Мужчины — странные существа, и нужно знать, как с ними обращаться», — сказала мне Энн. 14.Я просто не знал, что мне делать с братом.

Ex. 141. Supply the necessary prepositions for the ing-forms used as prepo­sitional objects of verbs:

1.Jones insisted ... shaking hands. 2.I take all the blame ... not seeing further than my nose. 3.She glanced up ... marking a pile of papers, and said: "Hello, Hugh." 4.Unfortunately I haven't succeeded ... making much impres­sion on you. 5.He made a point ... never sounding disappointed. 6.His mission had very little to do ... winning the war. 7.He had never had much difficulty ... getting jobs. The trouble had always been ... keeping them. 8.She thanked him ... taking her out. 9.He did not object ... seeing Francis. 10.If he persists ... marrying the girl, it will mean absolute ruin for him. 11.She took ... wearing jeans. 12.When asked what his father did in life, the boy answered, "My father works ... keeping the world ... having another war." 13.I shall look toward ... seeing your book. 14.I thought ... taking a trip up the Scandinavian coast. 15.Jack hesitated, then decided ... talking. 16.I told him that we were about to be turned out of our flat ... not paying the rent. 17.I hated him ... laughing with the others. 18.So when she compromised ... letting me talk her ... having at least some grape juice, I let it go at that. 19.He went back ... reading his paper. 20.Quite late, when he was on the point ... going upstairs, the doorbell rang. 21.He put the note under a saucer on the table to keep it ... blowing away.

Ex. 142. Use the required form of the ing-formin its function of preposi­tional object to a verb in the following sentences:

1.He was just going to speak, when I caught sight of Ellen ... past us. (to walk) 2.I wondered if I ought to apologize for ... the letter. (to write) 3.I hate to think of you ... about. (to order) 4.My mother had always insisted on ... the weakest possible electric light bulbs. (to use) 5.I hated to think of her wishes ... in any way. (to force) 6.Now he often asked for tea at home and insisted on it ... correctly. (to make) 7.Mel was still not sure why he had called up, but he felt better for ... so. (to do) 8.He muttered something about ... such a doll in a shop. (to see) 9.I've never heard of his ... with that family. (to connect) 10.Casie could never forgive her younger sister for ... from home and ... an affluent husband. (to escape, to marry) 11.I thought myself a tool for not ... it months before. (to guess)

Ex. 143. Translate the following into English using ing-forms as preposi­tional objects to verbs:

1.Oн не возражал против того, чтобы там находились другие люди. (to object) 2.Я не виню тебя за то, что тебе так хочется уехать из города в такую погоду. (to blame) 3.Я не имел никакого отношения к тому, что он принял это решение. (to have nothing to do) 4.Тогда я начал подозревать, что он дразнит меня. (to suspect) 5.Нам было нетрудно хорошо относиться друг к другу. (to have no difficulty) 6.Он настоял на том, чтобы она научилась этой сложной игре. (to insist) 7.Ничего не могло помешать ему вернуться в Лондон. (to prevent) 8.Он извинился, что задержал меня. (to apologize) 9.Мне не удалось заставить Энн говорить. (to succeed) 10.Отец часто обвинял меня в том, что я отношусь к дому как к отелю. (to accuse) 11.Я. сам не был уверен, что я чувствую в связи с тем, что Джек возвращается домой. (to feel) 12.Я. сказал ему о том, что Фил хочет пойти с нами. (to tell) 13.У отеля она настояла на том, чтобы заплатить за такси. (to insist) 14.Дэн уговорил Белла остаться с ним завтракать. (to talk) 15.Доктор начал с того, что пощупал его пульс. (to begin) 16.На секунду я испугался, что он задумал подать в отставку. (to think) 17.Он настоял на том, чтобы Анну немедленно пригласили сюда. (to insist) 18.Я не одобряю его за то, что он вообще влез в это дело. (to disapprove) 19.Я спросил его, как ему нравится быть врачом. (to feel about). 20.Как ты объяснил, что ты разбил машину? (to account) 21.Он упрекал себя за то, что не попытался поговорить с нею. (to reproach)

Ex. 144. Supply the necessary prepositions for the ing-forms used as prepo­sitional objects to adjectives in the following sentences:

1.The man of letters is accustomed ... writing. 2.I became aware of the specific benefit I was capable ... getting from travel. 3.Mrs Attley was very skilful ... directing the table talk away from her daughter. 4.Some people were nice ... turning me down. 5.I'm sick … doing things for you. 6.You seem upset ... losing Jones. 7.She was set ... helping him. 8.I don't say I'm proud ... cheating him out of 300 dollars. 9.Your colleagues are good ... keeping a secret, aren't they? 10.He is usually fairly careful ... making his statements. 11.He is quite excited ... being among us again. 12.It was five minutes later than my usual bedtime and I felt guilty ... being still up. 13.She was quick ... finding out things. 14.Dolly seemed relieved ... not having to make a scene. 15.I tried to be as nice as possible ... refusing. 16.You seem very fond ... saying things behind my back. 17.But he was slow ... replying. 18.He selected a dingy little place where he felt sure ... not meeting any acquaintances.

Ex. 145. Use the required ing-formin its function of prepositional object to an adjective in the following sentences:

1.From the age of four, I had been used to ... with ideas. (to live) 2.I was not used to ... by a sensitive and nervous host. (to entertain) 3.How proud I was of ... the code. (to invent) 4.I was tired of always ... charity clothes. (to wear) 5.In the morning she was ashamed of herself for ... so rude the night before. (to be) 6.He's merely used to ... what he wants to know. (to tell) 7.He was grateful to Finch for ... him to come. (to persuade) 8.But they are used to ... with real men. (to deal) 9.She wasn't fond of ... . (to interview) 10.At the time I was very keen on ... an independent income. (to get)

Ex. 146. Translate the following into English using ing-forms as preposi­tional objects to adjectives:

1.Ты явно умеешь держать язык за зубами. (good) 2.Я гордился тем, что оказался полезным ему. (proud) 3.Я знал, что он не способен принимать решения. (capable) 4.Доктор привык выслушивать самых разных людей. (used) 5.Мне жаль, что я причинил вам так много беспокойства. (sorry) 6.Я больше, чем ты, заинтересован в том, чтобы найти ее. (interested) 7.Я уверен, что ты вполне способен справиться с ситуацией. (capable) 8.Мне надоело делать то, что мне дается с трудом. (tired) 9.Я удивился, что он вообще женился. (surprised) 10.Я был немного разочарован тем, что не встретил Чарльза. (disappointed) 11.Она была благодарна ему за то, что он понял, что ей не хочется говорить о себе. (grateful) 12.Он был раздражен на нее за то, что она втянула его в эту ссору. (annoyed) 13.Он любил смеяться над теми, кто был робок. (fond)

Ex. 147. Choose between the infinitive and the ing-formto use it as object to a verb in sentences with a formal if as subject or object:

1.It came as a shock to me ... that he had left his wife. (to realize) 2.I laughed. It made me feel good ... that someone else felt the same way about it as I did. (to know) 3.It didn't serve any purpose ... why Marion had decided to be friends with me. (to analyse) 4.No one has any influence over him when it comes to ... his actions. (to decide) 5.It is against the law in the country ... a revolver. (to carry) 6.When it came to ... you talk about the war, I felt like a child. (to hear) 7.It amazed me ... that Pat not only understood his arguments but shared them. (to feel) 8.On the expedition it matters a lot ... young. (to be) 9.Our hostess made it a point never ... wives with their hus­bands. (to ask) 10.When it comes down to ... children do something against their will it pays ... rationally with them. (to make, to argue)

Ex. 148. Translate the following into English using infinitives or ing-forms as objects to verbs in sentences with a formalitas subject:

1.Он очень устал, и ему потребовалось сделать усилие, чтобы выйти из машины. (to take) 2.Я не думаю, что ему доставляло удовольствие ссориться. (to amuse) 3.Сколько бы ей потребовалось времени, чтобы найти дру­гую квартиру? (to take) 4.Когда мне было пора уходить, она попросила меня позво­нить ей в тот же вечер. (to be time) 5.Мне было приятно думать, что он ничего не знает о моих планах. (to please) 6.Ветер был таким сильным, что ему понадобились четыре спички, чтобы зажечь сигарету. (to take) 7.Мэри раздражало, когда она слышала, как Вилли употреб­ляет немецкое слово или фразу. (to irritate) 8.То, что Пэт опоздала, было неважно. (to matter) 9.Потребовалось немного времени, чтобы на кухне стало теп­ло. (to take) 10.Спустя некоторое время она сказала, что теперь его очередь объяснить, что он хочет делать. (to be one's turn) 11.Мне никогда не приходило в голову сравнивать эти две книги. (to occur) 12.Я получила большое удовольствие, читая это письмо. (to delight) 13.Ему было мучительно видеть, как ее тело сотрясается от рыданий. (to torture) 14.Может быть, вам было бы интересно посмотреть, что за человек этот Аллен. (to be of interest) 15.Мне доставило удовольствие писать эссе о его романах. (to give pleasure) 16.Меня привлекают поездки по незнакомым местам. (to fasci­nate) 17.Когда дело дошло до приготовления обеда, она расплакалась. (to come down) 18.Им не приходило в голову, сколько смелости ей потребова­лось, чтобы задать этот вопрос. (to take)

Ex. 149. Choose between the infinitive and the ing-formas object to an adjective in sentences with a formalitas subject.

Rememberthat the infinitive in this function is neutral in style whereas the ing-form is highly colloquial and often emotionally coloured:

1.It is not necessary, Steve, ... everything that comes to your mind. (to say) 2.Wouldn't it be prudent ... with the problem before it got talked about? (to deal) 3.It was impossible not ... a touch of pity for him. (to feel) 4.It was hard ... his age. (to judge) 5.It's absolutely monstrous ... Charles for a brother! (to have) 6.It is hard ... the difference between the two pictures. (to tell) 7.It was difficult ... on the beach. (to walk) 8.Well, it's nasty ... this mess up. (to clear) 9.The weather was shocking: it rained every day, and it was impossible even ... for boring walks. (to go) 10.I dare say it would have been more reasonable ... this pro­posal. (to decline) 11.It's slightly embarrassing ... under suspicion, isn't it? (to be) 12.It isn't easy ... all this. (to explain) 13.It seemed to me a little ungracious ... the invitation of that sort. (to decline) 14.Oh, dear, it's very difficult ... a good wife. (to be) 15.It will be great ... you with us for the summer. (to have)

Ex. 150. Translate the following into English using infinitives and ing-forms in their function of object to an adjective in sentences with a formal it as subject.Be careful, when necessary, to indicate in the proper way the doer of the action expressed by the verbals:

1.Ведь можно придерживаться разных взглядов по одному и тому же вопросу. (possible) 2.Приятно находиться вне помещения в такую погоду. (nice) 3.Было просто великолепно, что Барт был с нами. (wonder­ful) 4.В такой дождь трудно достать такси. (tough) 5.По-видимому, на этот домик стоило посмотреть. (worth) 6.Было довольно мило с его стороны поспешить домой, чтобы тут же без промедления рассказать ей все. (sweet) 7.Будет очень мило, если у моего сына будет приятель для игр его возраста. (nice) 8.В жаркий день очень приятно окунуться в холодную воду. (delightful) 9.С твоей стороны было мило сделать это так быстро. (nice) 10.Неестественно, чтобы молодой человек проводил все свои вечера дома. (natural) 11.Необходимо решить сегодня, приглашать ли его. (necessary) 12.Крайне досадно, что он исчез подобным образом. (annoying) 13.Было очень неприятно причинять боль старому человеку. (hateful) 14.Тогда я подумал, что будет глупо с моей стороны не извлечь из этого никакой пользы, если это возможно. (silly) 15.Не было ничего необычного в том, что праздничный обед закончился подобным образом. (unusual) 16.Если у вас есть дети, иногда имеет смысл состоять в школь­ном комитете. (worth)

UNIT 26