Various infinitive constructions

Replace the group of words in italics by an infinitive or an infinitive construction.

It is important that he should understand this. It is important for him to understand this.

He was the first man who arrived. He was the first man to arrive.

1. The captain was the last man who left the ship. 2. He got to the top and was very disappointed when he found that someone else had reached it first. 3. There are a lot of sheets that need mending. 4. I was astonished when I heard that he had left the country. 5. It is better that he should hear it from you. 6. / was rude to him, which was stupid. (It was stupid...) 7. If he had another child with whom he could play he would be happier. 8. It is necessary that everyone should know the truth. 9. There was no place where we could sit. 10. He put his hand into his pocket and was astonished when he found that his wallet wasn't there. 11. He rushed into the burning house, which was very brave of him. (It was very brave...) 12.1 can't go to the party; I have nothing that I can wear. 13. Л is expected that he will broadcast a statement tonight. (He is expected...) 14.1 want a kitchen where (=in which) I can cook. 15. He reached the station exhausted and was very disappointed when he learnt that the train had just left. 16. Haven't you anything with which you could open if. 17. It seems that the crime was committed by a left-handed man. (The crime seems... Use perfect infinitive passive.) 18. Is it likely that he will arrive before six? (Is he...) 19. It is said thathe was a brilliant scientist. (He is said...) 20. It is advisable that we should leave the house

separately. 21. You signed the document without reading it, which was very stupid. (It was stupid...) 22. It is said that she has a frightful temper. (She..) 23. He was the first man who swam the Channel. 24. They believe that he is honest. (He...) 25.It appears that he was killed with a blunt instrument. (He appears... Use passive infinitive.) 26. He was the only one who realized the danger. 27. It is said that the earth was originally part of the sun. (The earth...) 28. It is said that he is hiding in the woods near your house. 29. It is said that this palace was built in three years. This palace is said... 30. They expect thathe will arrive on Tuesday. (He...). 31.1 knew that he was a boring man. (I knew...)

Self check

I. Insert towhere necessary before the infinitive in brackets.

1. He made me (do) it all over again. 2. He will be able (swim) very soon. 3. You ought (go) today. It may (rain) tomorrow. 4. He made her (repeat) the message. 5. They won't let us (leave) the Customs shed till our luggage has been examined. 6. I used (smoke) forty cigarettes a day. 7. Will you help me (move) the bookcase? 8. He is expected (arrive) in a few days. 9. Please let me (know) your decision as soon as possible. 10. He made me (wait) for hours. 11. I'd like him (go) to a university but I can't (make) him (go). 12. You seem (know) this area very well. — Yes, I used (live) here. 13. The kidnappers told the parents (not inform) the police, and the parents didn't dare (disobey). 14. I'm sorry (disappoint) you but I can't (let) you (have) any more money till the end of the month. 15. It is easy (be) wise after the event. 16. Do you (wish) (make) a complaint? 17. We don't (want) anybody (know) that we are here. 18. If you can't (remember) his number you' d better (look) it up. 19.1 want her (learn) Esperanto; I think everybody ought (know) it. 20. He is said (be) the best surgeon in the country. 21. Visitors are asked (not feed) the animals. 22. He should know how (use) the film projector, but if he doesn't you had better (show) him. 23. He was made (sign) a paper admitting his guilt. 24.1 heard the door (open) and saw a shadow (move) across the floor. 25. He tried (make) me (believe) that he was my stepbrother. 26. As we seem (have missed) the train we may as well (go) back to the house. 27.1 felt the house

(shake) with the explosion. 28. Before he let us (go) he made us (promise) (not tell) anyone what we had seen. 29. Would you (like) (come) in my car? — No, thanks, I'd rather (walk). 30. I advised him (ask) the bus conductor (tell) him where (get) off. 31. It is better (put) your money in a bank than (keep) it under your bed in an old stocking. 32. Did you remember (give) him the money? — No, I didn't, I still have it in my pocket; but I'll (see) him tonight and I promise (not forget) this time. 33.1 saw the driver (open) his window and (throw) a box into the bushes.

34. That is too heavy for one person (carry); let me (help) you.

35. The children were made (obey). 36. She was seen (cross) the street and (turn) round the corner. 37.1 didn't expect her (marry) him. 38. They were supposed (know) German well.

II. Choose the correct answer.

1. Are you sure you told me? I don't recall... about it.

A. having told C. to have told

B. having being told D. to have been told.

2. Dan appears... some weight. Has he been ill?

A. having lost C. to have lost

B. having been lost D. to have been lost

3. Tom made a mistake at work, but his boss didn't fire him. He's lucky... a second chance.

A. having given B. having been given

C. to have given D. to have been given

4. Dr Wilson is a brilliant dedicated scientist who had expected to be selected as the director of the institute. She was very surprised not... the position.

A. having offered C. to have offered

B. having been offered D. to have been offered

5. By the time their baby arrives, the Johnsons hope... painting and decorating the new nursery.

A. having finished C. to have finished

B. having been finished D. to have been finished

6. We would like... to the president's reception, but we weren't.

A. having invited C. to have invited

B. having been invited D. to have been invited

7. The stockbroker denied... of the secret business deal.

A. having informed C. to have informed

B. having been informed D. to have been informed

8. George mentioned... in an accident as a child, but he never told us the details.

A. having injured C. to have injured

B. having been injured D. to have been injured

9. The Smiths wanted to give their son every advantage. However, they now regret... him by providing too many material possessions.

A. having spoiled B. having been spoiled

C. to have spoiled D. to have been spoiled

10. The spy admitted... some highly secret information to enemy agents.

A. having given C. to have given

B. having been given D. to have been given

11. We were shocked to hear the news of your...

A. having fired C. to be fired

B. having been fired D. to have been fired

12. Marge's children are used to... after school every day. They don't have to walk home.

A. picking up C. be picked up

B. being picked up D. pick up

13. The bus driver was so tired of... the same route every day that he asked for a transfer.

A. to drive B. being driven

С. driving D. drive

14. I'm sure it's not my fault that Peter found out what wewere planning. I don't remember... anyone about it.

A. having told C. to tell

B. being told D. to be told

15. Even though she was much younger than the other children, Alexis demanded... in the game they were playing.

A. including C. to include

B. being included D. to be included

16. The baby continued... even after she was picked up.

A. being crying B. having cried

C. to cry D. having been crying

III. Put the verbs in brackets into gerund or infinitive.

1.1 used (ride) a lot but I haven't had a chance (do) any since (come) here. — I ride sometimes. Would you like (come) with me next time? 2. Most people prefer (spend) money to (earn) it. 3.1 resented (be) unjustly accused and asked him (apologize). 4. It isn't good for children (eat) too many sweets. 5.1 didn't feel like (work) so I suggested (spend) the day in the garden. 6. Why do you keep (look) back? Are you afraid of (be) followed? 7. Do you remember (post) the letter? — Yes, I do; I posted it in the letter-box near my gate. 8. Did you remember (lock) the door? — No, I didn't. I'd better (go) back and (do) it now. 9. You still have a lot (learn) if you'll forgive my'(say) so. 10. It's no use (try) (interrupt) him. You'll have (wait) till he stops (talk). 11. I'm for (do) nothing till the police arrive. They don't like you (move) anything when a crime has been committed. 12. He didn't like (leave) the children alone in the house but he had no alternative as he had (go) out to work. 13. I'm very sorry for (be) late. It was good of you (wait) for me. 14. I keep (try) (make) mayonnaise but I never succeed. — Try (add) the yolk of a hard-boiled egg. 15. Do you feel like (go) to a film or would you rather (stay) at home? 16. He took to (get up) early and (walk) noisily about the house. 17.1 liked (listen) to folk music much better than (listen) to pop. 18. The car began (make) an extraordinary noise so I stopped (see) what it was. 19. You'll never regret (do) a kind action. 20. He decided (put) broken glass on top of his wall (prevent) boys (climb) over it. 21. He annoyed me very much by (take) the piece of cake that I was keeping (eat) after my supper.

22. He kept (ring) up and (ask) for an explanation and she didn't know what (do) about him. 23. We got tired of (wait) for the weather (clear) and finally decided (set) out in the rain. 24. He made me (repeat) his instructions (make) sure that I understood what I was (do) after he had gone. 25. I suggest (leave) the car here and (send) a breakdown van (tow) it to the garage. 26. She apologized for (borrow) my sewing-machine without (ask) permission and promised never (do) it again. 27. I didn't mean (offend) anyone but somehow I succeeded in (annoy) them all. 28. He never thinks of (get) out of your way; he expects you (walk) round him. 29. You don't need (ask) his permission every time you want (leave) the room. 30. The police accused him of (set) fire to the building but he denied (have been) in the area on the night of the fire. 31. It's much better (go) to a hairdresser than (try) (save) time by (cut) your own hair. 32. I'd rather (earn) my living by (scrub) floors than (make) money by (blackmail) people. 33.1 always remember (turn) off all the lights before I leave my house. 34. I'll never forget (carry) my wife over the threshold when we moved into our first house. 35.1 regret (listen, not) to my father's advice. He was right. 36. We went for a walk after we finished (clean) up the kitchen. 37. Sometimes students avoid (look) at the teacher if they don't want (answer) a question. 38. The club members discussed (postpone) the next meeting until March. 39. Did Carol agree (go) (camp) with you? 40. The taxi driver refuse (take) a check. He wanted the passenger (pay) in cash. 41. The soldiers were ordered (stand) at attention. 42. The travel agent advised us (wait, not) until August. 43.1 don't mind (wait) for you. Go ahead and finish (do) your work. 44. Keep (talk), I'm listening to you. 45. The children promised (play) more quietly. They promised (make, not) so much noise. 46. Linda offered (look after) my cat while I was out of town. 47. You shouldn't put off (pay) your bills. 48. The doctor ordered Mr Gray (smoke, not). 49. Don't tell me his secret. I prefer (know, not). 50. Could you please stop (whistle)? I'm trying (concentrate) on my work. 51. Did you remember (turn off) the stove? 52. Jack was allowed (renew) his student visa. 53. Pat told us (wait, not) for her. 54. Mr Buck warned his daughter (play, not) with matches. 55. Would you please remind me (call) Alice tomorrow'? 56. I'm considering (drop) out of school, (hitchhike) to New York, and (try) (find) a job. 57. Sally reminded me (ask) you (tell) Bob (remember) (bring)

his soccer ball to the picnic. 58. Alex broke the antique vase. I'm sure he didn't mean (do) it. 59. Mrs Freeman can't help (worry) about her children. 60.1 appreciate your (take) the time to help me. 61.1 can't afford (buy) a new car. 62. Julie finally admitted (be) responsible for the problem. 63. She keeps (promise) (visit) us, but she never does. 64.1 don't enjoy (laugh) at by other people. 65. I'm angry at him for (tell, not) me the truth. 66. It is easy (fool) by his lies. 67. Sharon wants us (tell) her the news as soon as we hear anything. If we find out anything about the problem, she wants (tell) about it immediately. 68. You must tell me the truth. I insist on (tell) the truth. 69. Martha doesn't like to have her picture taken. She avoids (photograph). 70. It's been nice talking to you. I really have enjoyed our conversation, but I have to leave now. I'm very happy (have) this opportunity to meet you and talk with you. 71. This letter needs (send) immediately. 72.1 thought Sam was sick. — So did I. But he seems (recover) very quickly. He certainly doesn't seem (be) sick now. 73. Last year I studied abroad. I appreciate (have) the opportunity to live and study in a foreign country. 74. This year I am studying abroad. I appreciate (have) this opportunity to live and study in a foreign country. 75. Mrs Jackson complained about (tell, not) about the meeting. In the future, she expects (inform) of any and all meetings. 76. The dog needs (wash). He's been digging in the mud. 77. Alice didn't expect (ask) to Bill's party. 78. Matthew left without (tell) anyone. 79. It's useless. Give up. Enough's enough. Don't keep (beat) your head against a brick wall. 80. His (be, not) able to come is disappointing. 81. I hope (award) a scholarship for the coming semester. 82. We are very pleased (accept) your invitation. 83. It is exciting (travel) to faraway places and (leave) one's daily routine behind. 84. He wants (like) and (trust) by everyone. 85. I can't help (wonder) why Larry did such a foolish thing. 86. She admitted (drive) too fast through the town. 87. Mr Carson is very lucky (choose) by the committee as their representative to the meeting in Paris. 88. (Live) in a city has certain advantages. 89. It is very kind of you (take) care of that problem for me. 90. She opened the window (let) in some fresh air. 91.1 don't remember ever (hear) this story before. 92. You should stop (drive) if you get sleepy. It's dangerous (drive) when you're not alert. 93. After driving for three hours, ^e stopped (get) something to eat. 94. Please forgive me for

(be, not) here to help you yesterday. 95. Polly was in the garden, so she didn't hear the phone (ring) 96. The guard observed a suspicious-looking man (come) into the bank. 97.1 was almost asleep last night when I suddenly heard someone (knock) on the door. 98. I remember it distinctly. At 5:30 yesterday afternoon, I saw Jim (walk) to his car, (open) the door, and (get in). 99. I got Mary (lend) me some money so I could go to a movie last night. 100. The teacher had the class (write) a 2000-word research paper. 101. Susie pretended (be) asleep. She pretended (hear, not) me when I spoke to her. 102. You seem (be) in a good mood today. 103. Janice is thinking about (look) for a new job. 104. Dick appears (have) a lot of money. 105. My father expects me (get) high marks in school. 106. According to the sign on the restaurant door, all diners are required (wear) shirts and shoes. 107.1 appreciate your (pay) for my dinner. I'll pay next time. 108. Children shouldn't be allowed (watch) violent programs on TV. 109. The sign warns you (turn, not) right on a red light. 110. After hearing the weather report, I advise you (go, not) skiing this afternoon. 111. Janice misses (take) walks with her father in the evening now that she has moved away from home.

IV. Translate from Russian into English.

Infinitive as subject, complement of subject

1. Полезно заниматься гимнастикой ежедневно. 2. Трудно изу­чать иностранный язык. 3. Приятно купаться и загорать в такой прекрасный день. 4. Интересно встречаться с новыми людьми. 5. Не предупредить его об этом было бы нечестно. 6. Нам необходимо увидеть его сегодня. 7. Мне трудно по­нять его. 8. Ребенку трудно сидеть спокойно длительное вре­мя. 9. Невежливо — прерывать говорящего. 10. Нам было трудно получить эти сведения. 11. Здесь опасно купаться. 12. Ему необходимо было немедленно вернуться. 13. Важно иметь хороших друзей. 14. Вам понадобится двадцать ми­нут, чтобы добраться до вокзала. 15. Что труднее: читать по-английски или писать по-английски? 16. Играть в теннис ин­тересно. 17. Студентам важно выполнять домашнее задание. 16. Интересно узнать об иной культуре. 19. Легко научиться во-

дить машину? 20. Ходить одному ночью в этой части города опасно. 21. Нам трудно сделать эту работу в такой короткий срок. 22. Ей трудно взбираться по этим ступенькам. 23. Сколь­ко тебе надо времени, чтобы закончить эксперимент? 24. Наш план заключался в том, чтобы спасти детей. 25. Моя цель — стать хорошим учителем. 26. Наш долг — помогать нашим старым родителям. 27. Мой совет тебе — не тратить так много времени на спорт. 28. Первое, что надо сделать, — это посо­ветоваться с врачом. 29. Уже поздно посылать письмо. Един­ственное, что нам остается сделать, — это послать телеграм­му. 30. Мое желание — выиграть матч. 31. Его план — научиться плавать. 32. Единственная возможность увидеть его — это сходить в библиотеку. Он там бывает почти каж­дый день. 33. Лучшее, что ты сейчас можешь сделать, — это извиниться перед ней. 34. Первое, что я хочу сделать, — это хорошо отдохнуть. 35. Единственное, что я сейчас хочу, — это, чтобы меня не беспокоили. 36. Мой совет тебе — не пригла­шать его на вечер. 37. Моя мечта сейчас — рыбачить где-нибудь в небольшой деревеньке.

Verb + infinitive

1. Я пыталась заснуть, но не могла. 2. Он согласился подож­дать еще два дня. 3. Мой брат обещал навестить меня завтра. 4. Я намереваюсь вернуться в субботу. 5. Я забыл закрыть сейф. 6. Он надеется сдать экзамен. 7. Я научился играть на пианино, когда мне было десять лет. 8. Мы договорились встретиться у театра в 7 часов. 9. Я не могу себе позволить купить такую дорогую вещь. 10. Я хочу сегодня остаться дома и отдохнуть. 11. Он решил не ехать на юг в этом году. 12. Мне удалось закончить работу в срок. 13. Не забудь по­слать телеграмму. 14. Я не хотел причинить тебе боль. 15. Он отказался принять участие в соревнованиях. 16. Я планирую устроить вечеринку. Аня предложила помочь мне, и я ей очень благодарна. 17. Он угрожал, что расскажет обо всем моим родителям. 18. Я полагаю завершить эксперимент в пятни­цу. 19. Мне нужно знать твое мнение. 20. Ей не удалось за­стать его дома. 21. Я не хотел идти на собрание, но мне при­шлось.

seem/happen/appear/prove/pretend + infinitive

1. Он притворился, что спит. 2. Кажется, они ждут вас внизу. 3. План оказался успешным. 4. Кажется, мой друг хорошо проводит время на море. 5. Он оказался хорошим инжене­ром. 6. Он случайно посмотрел в том направлении и увидел, что из дома выбежал человек. 7. Вопрос кажется им очень важным. 8. Кажется, он знает все об этом деле. 9. Казалось, что ему самому хотелось это сделать. 10. Результаты экспе­римента, казалось, огорчили их. 11. Он, казалось, не был удив­лен новостью. 12. Кажется, она ждет уже давно. 13. Оказы­вается, она знает его. 14. Случилось так, что я рано уехал из офиса в тот день. 15. Кажется, что этот завод производит такое оборудование с 1986 года. 16. Кажется, что на их пред­ложение нет возражений. 17. Оказалось, что есть еще одно решение проблемы. 18. Случайно оказалось, что среди них был хирург. 19. Он, кажется, знает этот предмет очень хоро­шо. 20. Он, по-видимому, много читал по этому вопросу. 21. Эта книга, по-видимому, очень интересная. 22. Он, ка­жется, сердится на меня. 23. Вчера мы случайно встретили г-на Грина. 24. Он, кажется, болен. 25. Они, по-видимому, пользовались этим справочником. 26. Он оказался дома в это время. 27. Он оказался очень опытным работником. 28. Он притворился, что напряженно работает. 29. Кажется, все сту­денты читали эту статью. 30. Он, кажется, болел все это вре­мя. 31. Он, по-видимому, удовлетворен результатом своей ра­боты. 32. Он, кажется, уехал на юг. 33. Коробка, кажется, пустая. 34. Он оказался хорошим спортсменом. 35. Я слу­чайно встретил его в Сочи. 36. Эта задача оказалась очень трудной. 37. Я случайно слышал, как он спросил ее об этом.

38. В этом журнале, кажется, есть много интересных статей.

39. В этой библиотеке, кажется, есть много иностранных книг.

40. Он, кажется, не очень умный человек. 41. Он, по-види­мому, не знает французского языка. 42. Казалось, они не ин­тересуются этим вопросом. 43. Они оказались не очень опыт­ными преподавателями.

Verb + object + infinitive

I asked John to help me. I made/let him come. He was made to come. He was allowed to come.

1. Она попросила меня внимательно прочитать письмо и на­писать ответ. 2. Помоги мне нести эту сумку. 3. Мой сын по­просил меня разрешить ему сходить в кино. 4. Мужчина ска­зал мне, чтобы я не ходил по траве. 5. Позвольте мне помочь вам в вашей работе. 6. Ты должен заставить его упражняться час в день. 7. Его заставили придти. 8. Ее заставили подчи­ниться. 9. Капитан приказал матросам вымыть палубу. 10. Он убедил меня присоединиться к ним. 11. Покупатели просили продавцов снизить цену. 12. Представитель фирмы просил ди­ректора послать документы воздушной почтой. 13. Мой брат учил меня кататься на велосипеде. 14. Мой друг посоветовал мне заняться теннисом. 15. Моя мать не разрешала мне ку­паться. 16. Он предупредил меня, чтобы я был осторожен.

17. Преподаватель сказал нам, чтобы мы не писали на полях.

18. Я не мог убедить ее принять мое предложение. 19. Отец запретил мне пользоваться его машиной. 20. Я убедил его по­мочь ей. 21. Я попросил машинистку напечатать несколько писем. 22. Он разрешил детям искупаться. 23. Мы пригласи­ли их присоединиться к нам. 24. Я напомнила сестре, чтобы она принесла мой словарь. 25. Он настаивал, чтобы я занялся спортом. 26. Нам не разрешалось пользоваться словарем. 27. Они заставили его сказать правду. 28. Она умоляла врачей спасти ее ребенка. 29. Мне разрешили пользоваться библио­текой. 30. Его заставили помочь ей.

I want you to come. I'd like you to come. I expect him to join us.

1. Я хотел бы, чтобы вы подождали меня здесь. 2. Он хочет, чтобы его сын стал учителем. 3. Мы не ожидали, что он прие­дет так рано. 4. Все думали, что они поженятся. 5. Хотите ли вы, чтобы я вам помог? 6. Я хочу, чтобы его статья была опуб­ликована. 7. Доктор не хочет, чтобы я поехал на юг. 8. Капи­тан хотел, чтобы товары были погружены немедленно. 9. Где

вы хотите, чтобы я подождал вас? 10. Я ожидал, что он по­может мне. 11. Она не любит, чтобы дети готовили уроки вечером. 12. Я хочу, чтобы вы взяли эту статью и перевели ее. 13. Никто не ожидал, что погода изменится так внезап­но. 14. Я хочу, чтобы ты была счастлива. 15. Ты ожидала, что он тебе напишет? 16. Я хотел бы, чтобы он принял уча­стие в нашей экспедиции. 17. Он любит, чтобы студенты за­давали ему вопросы. 18. Он не ожидал, что они приедут так рано.

I know him to be an honest man.

1. Я знаю, что он очень опытный преподаватель. 2. Я счи­таю, что я прав. 3. Я считаю, что этот вопрос очень важный. 4. Я полагаю, что он очень умный человек. 5. Считаете ли вы, что он опытный врач? 6. Я полагаю, что эта информация очень важна. 7. Я нахожу, что он слишком самоуверен. 8. Я предполагаю, что он знает правду. 9. Я считаю его честным и надежным товарищем. 10. Я думаю, что эта статья пред­ставляет большой интерес.

Не is said/supposed/thought, etc. to be clever.

1. Полагают, что он в Лондоне. 2. Ожидается, что зима в этом году будет холодная. 3. Говорят, что этот дом был построен около двухсот лет назад. 4. Полагают, что пожар начался но­чью. 5. Полагали, что он уже уехал. 6. Известно, что он при­держивается иного мнения по этому вопросу. 7. Сообщают, что экспедиция выехала 15 мая. 8. Ожидают, что договор бу­дет подписан на этой неделе. 9. Считают, что он один из луч­ших хирургов нашей страны. 10. Сообщалось, что делега­ция прибудет ночью. 11. Предполагается, что он должен хо­рошо знать эту проблему. 12. Говорят, что он был женат рань­ше. 13. Полагают, что они доберутся до места назначения вовремя. 14. Сообщалось, что конференция состоится в Па­риже. 15. Известно, что он хороший специалист в области электроники. 16. Полагают, что его пригласят на конферен­цию.

The infinitive of purpose

1. Все было сделано для того, чтобы спасти его. 2. Он вызвал машину, чтобы отвезти нас на вокзал. 3. Я встал в 6 часов, чтобы не опоздать на утренний поезд. 4. Я написал ему пись­мо, чтобы напомнить ему о его обещании. 5. Ребенок выбе­жал навстречу матери. 6. Он шел медленно, чтобы не упасть. 7. Она делала все, чтобы угодить ему. 8. Я сейчас же запишу номер вашего телефона, чтобы не забыть его. 9. Я пришел, чтобы поговорить с вами о важном деле. 10. Надень теплое пальто, чтобы не простудиться. 11. Он пошел в библиотеку, чтобы взять журналы и книги, которые ему нужны для экза­мена по истории. 12. Он лег на диван, чтобы отдохнуть не­много. 13. Он положил ключ в портфель, чтобы не потерять его. 14. Она всегда гуляет вечером, чтобы лучше спать. 15. Он прочитал правило несколько раз, чтобы лучше понять его. 16. Он писал диктант очень внимательно, чтобы не сделать ошибок. 17. Я пришел, чтобы проститься с вами.

The infinitive after adjectives

1. Он боялся забыть о своем обещании. 2. Я рад, что послу­шался вашего совета. 3. Мне жаль, что я не видела эту пьесу. 4. Он был в восторге, увидев ее на вечере. 5. Мы удивились, когда встретили его у вас дома. 6. Он был огорчен, что не достал билет на концерт. 7. Любезно с вашей стороны по­мочь мне. 8. Очень глупо с его стороны было вести себя по­добным образом. 9. Ребенок слишком мал, чтобы понять ва­шу шутку. 10. Он достаточно умен, чтобы справиться с этой работой. 11. Было уже слишком поздно, чтобы менять что-нибудь. 12. Этот чемодан слишком тяжелый для меня. 13. Бы­ло недостаточно тепло, чтобы купаться. 14. Я слишком ус­тал, чтобы идти в кино сегодня. 15. Было еще достаточно светло, чтобы читать. 16. Он ушел из лаборатории послед­ним. 17. Он отвечал вторым. 18. Я пришел первым. 19. Ему трудно угодить. 20. С ней трудно иметь дело. 21. Она хоро­шенькая (у нее привлекательная внешность). 22. Он очень изменился. Его трудно узнать. 23. Он очень хорошо танцует. С ним приятно танцевать.

The infinitive after nouns

1. У нас есть что-нибудь вкусное, чтобы подать на десерт?

2. Предстоит упаковать еще много вещей. 3. У меня нет вре­мени навестить ее сегодня. 4. Он не такой человек, чтобы волноваться о пустяках. 5. У вас есть друзья, которые смогли бы вам помочь? 6. У нее есть больной ребенок, за которым она должна присматривать. 7. Я на этой неделе буду занят; у меня много дел. 8. Она всегда найдет над чем посмеяться. 9. Не о чем было беспокоиться. Больной чувствовал себя лучше. 10. Вот человек, с которым можно поговорить на эту тему. И. У меня нет желания ехать на юг. 12. Его предложение помочь нам удивило нас. 13. Я был удивлен его отказом по­ехать с нами.

The infinitive after question words

1. Я не имею ни малейшего представления, как помочь ей.

2. Яне знал, где провести отпуск. 3. Вы не скажете, как пройти к Площади Независимости? 4. Я не могла решить, ехать ли домой или провести ночь на даче. 5. Она объяснила мне, как приготовить салат. 6. Я не могу решить, что надеть на вечер. 7. Я не знаю, когда начать сажать картофель. 8. Я не знаю, где купить эту книгу. 9. Я не имею ни малейшего представ­ления, как водить машину. 10. Я не знаю, что подарить ему на день рождения.

See someone do and see someone doing

1. Я никогда не слышал, как он говорит по-французски. 2. Он не слышал, как я постучал в дверь. 3. Я слышала, что он уже вернулся в Минск. 4. Я никогда не видел, как он плавает, но я слышал, что он плавает очень хорошо. 5. Я видел, что она не понимает этого правила, и решил объяснить его ей еще раз. 6. Она видела, что он вошел в дом, и спустилась вниз, чтобы встретить его. 7. Я слышал, как кто-то поет в сосед­ней комнате. 8. Я видел, что такси остановилось у двери. 9. Некоторое время я наблюдал за детьми, которые играли в саду. 10. Я видел, как она вошла в комнату, включила свет и села за стол. 11. Никто не заметил, что она вышла из комна-

ты. 12. Он заметил, что она очень бледна. 13. Я бы хотел посмотреть (увидеть), как она танцует. 14. Я видел, что солнце зашло и темные тучи покрыли небо. 15. Я видел, как он по­дошел к ним и сказал им что-то. 16. Я слышал, как дверь открылась и увидел, что кто-то вошел в комнату. 17. Я видел, как она гуляет в саду.

likely/unlikely/certain/sure + infinitive

1. Завтра погода, вероятно, изменится. 2. Очень вероятно, что этот вопрос будет обсужден на собрании сегодня. 3. Вряд ли он придет сюда. 4. Очень вероятно, что переговоры кончатся в начале мая. 5. Он, вероятно, будет дома в шесть часов. 6. Они вряд ли скоро вернутся. 7. Очень вероятно, что завтра будет дождь. 8. Он бесспорно (несомненно) женится на ней. 9. Она непременно приедет. 10. Кажется маловероятным, что их предложение будет принято. 11. Его статья будет непремен­но напечатана в газете. 12. Они, вероятно, не приедут до 1-го сентября. 13. Ему несомненно понравится его новая работа. 14. Кажется маловероятным, что туристы достигнут верши­ны горы. 15. Кажется вероятным, что делегация пробудет в Москве еще несколько дней. 16. Маловероятно, что они за­кончат свою работу до конца мая. 17. Она обязательно при­мет участие в соревнованиях. 18. Товары непременно будут доставлены в конце недели.

Would rather/had better + infinitive

1. Я очень устал. Я бы предпочел остаться дома вечером.

2. Фильм начинается через десять минут. Мне бы лучше по­торопиться. 3. Сегодня прекрасный день. Пойдем на пляж или ты предпочитаешь поехать в деревню? 4. Ты бы хотела посмотреть телевизор? — Я бы предпочла послушать музы­ку. 5. Ты выглядишь бледным и усталым. Тебе следовало бы обратиться к врачу. 6. Я бы предпочел взять такси, чем ехать на автобусе до вокзала. 7. Она очень обижена. Тебе следова­ло бы извиниться перед ней. 8. Когда ты собираешься взять отпуск в этом году? — Я бы предпочел взять его в августе. Мне бы лучше поехать на море в этом году. 9. Я бы предпо­чел подождать автобус, чем идти пешком. 10. Давай поедем

на юг летом. — Я бы предпочел съездить в туристическую поездку в Англию. 11. Вам следует заказать билеты заранее. — Да, конечно. 12. Почему бы нам не остановиться у родствен­ников? — Мне не хочется. Я бы предпочел остановиться в гостинице. 13. Ты бы лучше перевела этот текст завтра ут­ром, сейчас уже поздно. — Я хочу закончить его сегодня. 14. Не хочешь ли пойти в цирк? — Спасибо, нет. Я бы лучше схо­дил в кино. 15. Вы бы лучше сначала позвонили ему. — Хо­рошо. Я так и сделаю. 16. Вам бы лучше оставить багаж в камере хранения. — Я так и сделаю, спасибо.

Fluency

Listen, read and practise.

Computer Czazy

When Alan was ten he seemed to be very interested in computers. His mother knew that he would love to have one, but she couldn't afford to buy him one. He learned how to use a friend's computer, but he couldn't wait to get one of his own. His mother decided to give him a computer for his twelfth birthday. At first she only let him use it for an hour a day. She didn't want it to damage his

eyes.

By the time Alan was fifteen he had become very good at using his computer, but it was his only hobby. His mother wanted him to go out and do things, but he had very few friends. Nobody could persuade him to do anything and nothing could make him turn his computer off.

In the end, his mother threatened to turn off the electricity. Alan went to bed and pretended to be asleep, but at midnight he got up to work at the computer again. He didn't want to sleep or to eat. He just couldn't bear to be away from his computer.

Alan's mother didn't know what to do. Her sixteen-year-old son had become a computer addict. Not even the family doctor knew how to help. One morning Alan's mother found him lying on the bedroom floor. He had collapsed with exhaustion. Two weeks in hospital finally made Alan realize that his computer had become a dangerous obsession.

Now Alan is eighteen. He has lots of friends and hobbies. He

hopes to study computer science at university and would like to find a job in computer research.

A. Questions

1. Why didn't Alan's mother buy him a computer when he was ten? 2. When did his mother decide to give him a computer? 3. How long did she let him use it? 4. Why didn't she let him use it for longer? 5. What made Alan's mother realize that he had become a computer addict? 6. What did she threaten to do? 7. What did Alan do that night? 8. What made him realize that the computer had become an obsession? 9. What does he hope to do next? 10. What would he like to do when he has finished studying?

B. Read the text and then complete the sentences from the text.

When Alan was ten, he ... very interested in computers. His mother knew that he... one, but she couldn't... him one. He learned ... a friend's computer, but he ... one of his own.

His mother... him a computer for his twelfth birthday. At first she only... it for an hour a day. She didn't... his eyes. By the time Alan was fifteen he had become very good at using his computer, but it was his only hobby. His mother... out and do things, but he had very few friends. Nobody could... anything and nothing could ... his computer off.

In the end, his mother ... off the electricity. Alan went to bed and... asleep, but at midnight he got up ... at the computer again. He didn't... or... He just couldn't... away from his computer.

Alan's mother didn't know ... Her sixteen-year-old son had become a computer addict. Not even the family doctor knew ... One morning Alan's mother found him lying on the bedroom floor. He had collapsed with exhaustion. Two weeks in hospital finally ... that his computer had become a dangerous obsession.

Now Alan is eighteen. He has lots of friends and hobbies. He ... computer science atuniversity and... ajob in computer research.

C. Complete the sentences about Alan with the correct form of makeor let.

1. Before Alan had a computer, his friend... him use his. 2. When Alan was twelve, his mother... him use the computer for an hour a day. 3. Then she ... him turn it off. 4. She said Alan shouldn't... the computer damage his eyes. 5. At first, Alan ... his friends

play games on his computer. 6. Alan's friends tried to ... him go out with them, but he didn't want to. 7. His mother tried to... him take up other hobbies, but she couldn't persuade him. 8. The family doctor couldn't... him change his attitude either. 9. A stay in hospital finally ... him realize that his computer was ruining his life. 10. If he hadn't stopped when he did, Alan might have ... himself extremely ill. 11. Alan... his obsession take over his life.

D. Study and practise the text.

E. Situation-

Work with a partner. Imagine that you have five friends who have problems, like Alan. With your partner invent some problems and say how you tried to help. Write five sentences using the verbs below + him/her + to + infinitive. Describe the problem first, like this:

We have a friend who wants to stop smoking, but he can't. We advised him to read some brochures about the dangers of smoking.

1. advise 2. help 3. warn (not to) 4. persuade 5. invite

F. Whose future?

Alan hopes to study computer science at university. What do you hope to do when you leave school?

a) On a piece of paper, write a short paragraph, using some of the following verbs: hope, would like, want, expect, prefer. Remember to use to after the verbs. Do not write your name on the paper:

After school I would like to go to America for a year. My favourite hobby is playing tennis. I hope to be a professional tennis coach.

b) A pupil collects the papers and gives them to other pupils. Take turns to read the paragraph you have been given to the class. If you think there is a mistake, correct it. Then try to guess who wrote it.

G. Mary and Rick don't know how to work with the computer. Complete what they say with a question word (how, where, whichetc.) + to, like this:

eg Rick: I don't know how to turn it on.

Rick: Do you know ... do first?

Mary: Yes, I do, but I'm not sure... put this disk.

Rick: I'd like to know... start this game.

Mary: There are so many keys. I don't know... press first.

Rick: We'll have to find out... make it start. Just press all the keys.

Mary: It's flashing! And it's making a funny noise! Do you know ... turn it off?

Rick: No. Let's look at the book. Perhaps that will tell us... do.

Mary: I don't know... look at first. There are at least five com­puter books on the shelf.

H. Make up sentences using (In order,) to+ infinitive to show purpose or the reason why someone does something. Use the prompts.

eg 10 Downing Street

I'm going to 10 Downing Street to talk to the Prime Minis­ter, eg the kitchen

I'm going to the kitchen to wash the dishes.

Prompts: England, Moscow, France, Rome, China, the super­market, the station, the post office, the library, the shoe shop, the booking agency, the University, the bank.

~What's Wrong?

Jenny: What's wrong, Jane? You look upset.

Jane: I want to go sailing, but my aunt won't let me go. She's too strict. She lets Ben do everything, and he's younger than me. Yesterday she let him watch TV until midnight. She makes me do the washing up every day, but she never makes Ben do anything. It isn't fair.

Later, Jenny tells Nick about Jane's problem.

Jenny: Jane says that she wants to go sailing, but her aunt won't let her go. She says her aunt makes her do the washing up every day but she never makes Ben do anything.

A. Questions

1. Why does Jane look upset? 2. What is she complaining of?

B. What do these things make you or others do? Use words from each list to make ten sentences.

eg Onions make my sister cry. Onions don't make me cry.

onions
puzzles
jokes	you	feel happy
presents	me	laugh
toothache	make (s) my sister	cry
quizzes	doesn't/don't make my friend	feel cross
a new hair style	some people	think
funny cartoons		feel tired
exercise		feel good
sad films

C. Say four things from the box that your parents let you do. Say four things that they don't let you do.

eg They let me have parties. They don't let me stay out late.

have parties

stay out late

go on holiday with friends

buy your own clothes

go out in the evenings alone

bring friends home

listen to loud music

wear whatever clothes you want

watch late films on TV

talk on the telephone for hours

spend lots of money on records

D. What do your parents make you do? What don't they make you do? Write a short paragraph. Here are some ideas:

keep all your things in your room

help at home

get up early on Sundays

do homework every night

do the washing up

clean your shoes

Susan is ~WoZ£ied

It's a fine spring day. Tom is sitting in his garden at home, marking some books.

Susan: Tom? Do you think you could come into the kitchen for a second? There's something I'd like you to look at.

Tom: What? Just let me finish these books and I'll be right there.

Susan: Would you mind coming right away, please? It's the washing machine. It's making a funny noise. I want you to listen to it. I'm worried.

Tom: Oh, no! Not again. (In kitchen now. Tom has to shout above a loud whirring and pumping noise) It's the pump, that's what it is.

Susan: I can't hear you. Let me turn the machine off!

Tom: The pump isn't working properly. What do you want me to do about it?

Susan: What do I want you to do about it? Repair it, of course. You don't think I made you leave your work for no­thing, do you?

Tom: But I'm not a mechanic. Why don't you ring the shop where we bought the thing? Ask them to repair it.

Susan: Are you sure that's what you want me to do?

Tom: Of course I'm sure? Why do you ask?

Susan: Because the last time they came you got very angry.

Tom: Did I?

Susan: Yes. It was a small question of money. Don't you remem­ber? The men were only here for half an hour but they still charged £ 8 for an hour's work. You didn't like that at all.

Tom: Oh? Hmm ... yes. I remember now.

A. Questions

1. Why is Susan worried about the washing machine? 2. What exactly does she want Tom to do about it? Ask why! 3. What does he want her to do? 4. What happened the last time something went wrong with the machine?

B. Study and practise the conversation.

59

С. Make progressive substitutions. Let me finish these books.

help you stay here

him me

repair your bike do it

her think

I'd like you to look at the washing machine.

help me to come

her him

phone us go abroad

buy the tickets you

them study German

stay with us make a cake

There's something I'd like you to look at.

do read

remember cook

see type

think over listen to

forget pay attention to

Do Уои need a Ride?

Jim: Hi,-Keiko.

Keiko: Oh, hi, Jim.

Jim: What are you reading?

Keiko: A mystery. "Murder on the Nile" by Agatha Christie.

Jim: That reminds me. Can you tell me where the library is?

Keiko: Yeah. It's on Young Street across the City Hall.

Jim: You don't know what time it closes, do you?

Keiko: Gee, no, I don't. I always have Sandra return my books. She goes there all the time.

Jim: Sandra?

Keiko: Sandra Green. The new designer. She does a lot of re­search at the library.

Jim: Oh, I haven't met her yet.

Keiko: I'll introduce you. You'll like her. She's very nice. Say, don't forget the meeting at Butler's Department Store

this afternoon. It's at 2:00. Jim: Oh, right. Do you need a ride? Keiko: No. Jessica made me promise to get there early, so I'll

probably leave about 1:00. I'll get Sandra to give me

a ride. She has to be there early, too. Jim: OK. See you this afternoon.

A. What can you infer from the conversation? Answer "I think so " or "I don't think so ". Give reasons for your answers, as in the example.

— Jim often borrows books from the library.

— I don't think so, because he doesn't know where the library is.

1. Jim and Keiko work together. 2. Jessica is their boss. 3. Kei­ko and Sandra are probably friends. 4. Jim and Sandra work in the same room. 5. Sandra gets ideas for new clothing designs from books in the library. 6. Keiko drives to work every day.

B. Study and practise the conversation.

C. Pretend you are talking to someone you do not know very well. Make these questions more polite.

Where's the library?

Can you tell me Could you tell me I wonder if you could tell me

where

the library is? the library is.

\. When does the library open? 2. What time does it close? 3. What kind of books do they have? 4. Which floor are the mysteries on? 5. Who should I talk to to get a library card? 6. How much does a library card cost? 7. What information does the librarian need? 8. How long can I keep a book?

D. There are many ways to tell someone to do something. Look at these sentences from the conversation. Then make sentences about Jim and his mother.

Ask: I always have Sandra return my books.

Persuade: I'll get Sandra to give me a ride.

Force: Jessica made me promise to get there early.

1. When Jim was a little boy, his mother had a lot of rules for him. What did she make him do?

Mother. Finish your homework before dinner. Clean your

room every Saturday. Brush your teeth before you go to bed. Promise to go to bed by 10:00.

2. When Jim went to college, he was very busy so he persuaded his mother to help him. What did he get his mother to do?

Jim: Mom, could you do my laundry, please? I have a huge test tomorrow and I really have to study. Would you iron my clothes, please, Mom? You iron so well, and I do it so badly. Mom, could you lend me $10? I'll pay you back tomorrow. Really, I will. You're real­ly a terrific mother. Say, could you mend my shirt? You sew so well.

3. Today, Jim lives alone and his mother lives far away. He doesn't have time to do some things, and he doesn't know how to do other things. What does he have other people do for him?

Jim • Please paint my apartment. Please fix my car. Please clean my house. Please take care of my garden.

You're "Driving Too Fast Bert and Jill are in Bert's sports car. He is driving very fast.

Jill: Bert... uh... don't you think you should slow down a bit?

Bert: Slow down? What do you want me to do that for?

Jill: But the speed limit is 70 and you're doing at least 80 and...

Bert: Look! I've told you before that you mustn't talk to me while I'm driving. I can't concentrate!

Jill: But the speed limit...

Bert: And you don't have to tell me what the speed limit is, either. I know all about it!

Jill: I only want you to slow down a bit. And there's some­thing else. There's a pol...

Bert: When I'm in my car, I'm the boss! So if you don't want me to lose my temper, keep quiet.

Jill: All right, Bert.

62

Bert: I don't want you or anyone to tell me how to drive. Jill: No, Bert, (a pause. Suddenly there is the sound of a po­lice car horn.)

Bert: Good Lord! What's that? Jill: A police car, Bert. They're following you. I think they

want you to stop. Bert: A police car! Why didn't you tell me? Do you want me

to lose my driving-licence?

Jill: But that's why I wanted you to slow down before, Bert. I saw the car behind us and tried to tell you, but you said I mustn't talk to you while you're driving. A, Questions

I. What is the speed limit and how fast is Bert driving? 2. What does Bert say when Jill tries to say something about the speed limit? 3. What exactly does Jill want Bert to do? 4. What does the police car want Bert to do?

B. Recall the sentences with "want someone to do something".

C. Study and practise the conversation.

D. Make sentences with "want someone to do something".

1. Richard thinks everyone should understand science. Why does he often buy his son books on science? 2. The boys don't want to work. Why is their father shouting at them? 3. It is five o'clock and Jane's boss has a lot of letters to be typed this evening. Why is he phoning Jane? 4. When Jill was 8, she still could not read. Why did her father get a special teacher for her? 5. Two students in a language class do not understand a word in the text. Why are they holding up their hands? 6. Lady Ottoway has a young daughter, Caroline. Lady Ottoway always invites rich, young men to dinner. Why? 7. Richard never used to be on time in his job. Why did his wife buy him an alarm clock when he got a new job? 8. Richard's son cannot go to sleep. Why is his mother singing to him?

E. Make progressive substitutions. Follow the model. They don't want him to hear.

1. We

2. He

3. me

4. us

5. know

6. find out

7. them

8. her

9. see it 10. have it

What Do You Want to Be ?

1.

Jenny: What do you want to be?

Jane: Dad wants me to be a dentist but I want to be a doctor. I'm learning to do first aid. It won't be easy, but I have decided to work hard at school. What about you? What would you like to do?

Jenny: Well, I like reading. I would like to study languages and literature. I hope to go to university. Then I would like to work abroad for a while. Uncle Joe has offered to help me. He could help me to get a job in the States.

Jane: Will your parents allow you to leave England?

Jenny: Why not? They would prefer me to stay here, but it's up to me. And what about Ben?

Jane: He has decided to become Prime Minister.

A. Study and practise the conversation. 2.

Max: I want to be a mechanic. I like repairing cars. I would like to have my own garage one day. I don't want to go to university. My uncle has offered to give me a job at his garage.

Marion: I hope to study biology and chemistry. I love doing experiments. I would like to be a research scientist one day. I hope I'll manage to get a job at a university

Dave: We can't afford to buy many things at home, so I would like to have a job that pays well — like a pop star. I'm learning to play the guitar—I'm pretty good. I would love to buy a big house for my family.

Jill: I don't like being indoors. I would hate to have ajob in an office. I would prefer to be a gardener. I have decided to leave school next year. I don't want to do any more exams.

A. Say the answers to the questions in full sentences.

eg What does Max want to be? He wants to be a mechanic.

eg What would Dave love to buy?

He would love to buy a big house for his family.

1. Who wants to be a research scientist? 2. What is Dave learning to play? 3. Who doesn't want to do any more exams? 4. What would Marion like to get? 5. What would Dave like to be? 6. What does Marion hope to study? 7. Who would prefer to have an outdoor job? 8. What has Jill decided to do? 9. What would Max like to have one day? 10. What has Max's uncle offered to do?

B. Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use to + infinitive or an -ing form.

1. Max has decided (become) a mechanic, because he likes (repair) cars. 2. Max's uncle has offered (give) him ajob, but he would like (have) his own garage one day. 3. Marion wants (be) a research scientist because she likes (do) experiments. She would like (go) to university. She hopes (study) biology and chemistry. 4. Jill would love (have) an outdoor job. She doesn't like (stay) indoors. She has decided (leave) school next year. She would love (be) a gardener. 5. Dave is learning (play) the guitar. He hopes (become) a pop star, because he likes (write) music. He wants (earn) a lot of money because he would like (buy) a big house for his family.

C. What do/don '(you like doing? What would/wouldn 't you like to be?

D. Say eight sentences about yourself using the to + infinitive form. Use words from the lists or use your own ideas.

eg I have decided to do all the housework.

have offered can (not) afford have decided (not) hope

buy a motor bike/car/boat do all the housework stay out late

become a film star/rock star/interna­tional model

have promised (not) spend lots of money on clothes/shoes have (not) agreed read every play by Shakespeare would (not) like do nothing all day (don't) want live in the mountains

can (not) manage study physics at university

write a book about gardening become an opera singer learn every word in the English lan­guage play professional basketball

E. Conflicts

What do they want to do?

What do other people want them to do?

Write the answers.

eg Jenny: I'm going to the cinema on Saturday.

Jane: Why don't you go to the theatre with me instead?

Jenny wants to go to the cinema, but Jane wants her to go to the theatre.

1. Tom: I'm going to the music shop.

Nick: Why don't you go to the fun-fair with me instead?

2. Jane: I'm staying at home tonight.

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