By JO DI WILGOREN with GERALDINE FABRIKANT

December 11, 2002

Words and phrases

an aging scion – стареющий отпрыск

a philanthropic family – семейство, известное благотворительностью

generation – поколение

to share – разделять

triumvirate – триумвират

helm – руль, кормило

a nasty squabble – отвратительная перебранка

blueprint – «синяя копия», т.е. копия отпечатанного на машинке

carve – резать, кромсать

billion - миллиард

decade – десятилетие

purse - кошелек

movie actress – актриса кино

freshman – первокурсник

to sue, to be sued – привлечь к суду, предстать перед судом

trust fund – трестовый фонд

to empty – опустошать

to benefit – играть на выгоду кому-нибудь

to contend – утверждать, заявлять

chairman – председатель

dissolution – распад

to be sick to one’s stomach – вызвать тошноту в желудке

decline – уклониться от ч-либо

court and tax records – записи по налогам и суду

Jewish ghetto – еврейское гетто

to hang out a shingle – «вывесить вывеску», т.е. заняться частной практикой (амер.)

to split into fiefdoms – расколоться на вотчины

divergent – расходящиеся

to hire – нанять

strict confidentiality – строгая конфиденциальность

culture shift – культурный сдвиг

open bloodletting – открытое кровопролитие

lawsuit – правовой, судебный иск

charitable gift – благотворительный фонд

band shell – оркестровая «ракушка»

donation – дар

the biggest hitter – тот, кто всегда на виду

inevitable watershed – неизбежный водораздел

scientific exploration – научная экспедиция

inheritance – наследство

punitive damage – принудительная выплата

cash payments – выплаты в наличных деньгах

liquefy [‘likwifai] – перевести в жидкое состояние

СHICAGO, Dec. 10 — Jay A. Pritzker, the aging scion of Chicago's wealthiest and leading philanthropic family, called a meeting in June 1995 to hand 11 members of the next generation an important memorandum, outlining the Pritzker principle that family money should be shared among them and appointing a triumvirate to replace him at the empire's helm.

But after Mr. Pritzker's death in 1999 and a nasty squabble between the triumvirate and the other cousins, that blueprint was torn up last year and replaced by a secret plan to carve up the $15 billion empire over the next decade, most likely taking public key assets like the Hyatt hotel chain, and handing each of the 11 a $1.4 billion purse.

Now, a cousin who was left out of that pact, Liesel Pritzker, an 18-year-old movie actress and freshman at Columbia University, has sued the family, bringing unwanted attention to the underlying dispute and threatening the agreement. In her lawsuit, Liesel, who is a member of the family's fourth generation, contends that her trust funds were emptied to benefit the other members of that generation, who are decades older. It contends they are treating her and her 20-year-old brother, Matthew, like members of the fifth generation who are closer to their ages.

"The Pritzker family will no longer be the major factor it was," said Leon Danco, chairman of the Center for Family Business, a Cleveland consulting firm that advises family businesses on management and governance. "The dissolution of the family is an attribute of human nature. The Pritzkers were a powerful family. Jay Pritzker died and the money is diffused”.

One close family associate said reading Liesel's lawsuit made him sick to his stomach, and declared, "It's the end of a dynasty.`

Liesel Pritzker and her father, Robert — Jay Pritzker's brother — and eight other Pritzkers, declined to be interviewed, following a family tradition of shunning the news media, and no one involved in the situation agreed to be identified by name.

But interviews with numerous business associates, as well as court and tax records, reveal a family falling apart.

A century after Nicholas Pritzker, an immigrant from the Jewish ghetto near Kiev who taught himself English reading The Chicago Tribune and became a lawyer, hung a shingle in the Loop, one of America's great financial and philanthropic families will soon split into fiefdoms, its power diluted by divergent interests. So tense is the relationship between the triumvirate and the other cousins that three independent arbiters have been hired to help oversee the complicated distribution of the family's wealth, which includes the 60-plus companies in the $6.4 billion Marmon Group and a web of 2,500 domestic and offshore trusts.

"Most people are upset by this and sorry to see it," said one person close to the family. "I don't think anyone can tell how it plays out."

Another person who knows about the agreement, which includes a strict confidentiality provision, said it represents a culture shift "from all for one and one for all to everybody does their own thing." He praised the transition for avoiding "open bloodletting," and said: "Everybody putting money into a pool and viewing everything as one enterprise is now a concept that doesn't work at this level at this time."

Late today, the 11 members of the family involved in the pact issued a statement expressing regret at Liesel's lawsuit and describing their new plan as a reflection of "our family's long-standing business principles of prudence, stability and diversification."

Pritzkers sit on the boards of nearly every major cultural institution in Chicago, and their foundation made nearly 100 charitable gifts to local groups last year. Over time, the Illinois Institute of Technology has received $60 million, the University of Chicago $48 million and the city's centerpiece, Millennium Park, $15 million to pay for the Frank Gehry-designed bandshell.

"That family has been one of the biggest hitters in this city," said Norman Bobins, president of Lasalle National Bank and a trustee of the medical school at the University of Chicago, which was named for the Pritzkers after a $12 million donation in 1968. "I've called on them numerous times to help me with different items and different events, and they are always there to help me. If that unity disappears, it will be a great loss to the city."

To some extent, family breakups are an inevitable watershed as patriarchs die and their descendants go separate ways: Among the fourth-generation Pritzker cousins who agreed to the split are J. B., who ran for Congress in the Democratic primary here in 1998; James, who recently retired as a lieutenant colonel in the Illinois National Guard, contributes heavily to conservative causes and helps finance scientific exploration of Antarctica; Linda, who lives in Montana and has told friends she would like to use her inheritance to build a Buddhist temple; Daniel, who leads the alternative rock band Sonia Dada; and John and Anthony, who run investment businesses in California.

But Liesel Pritzker's lawsuit, which names the cousins as co-defendants and demands the return of $1 billion to her trusts as well as $5 billion in punitive damages, promises to disrupt any orderly distribution of assets.

At the 1995 family meeting, held in Tom's Chicago apartment, Jay Pritzker agreed to give each of the 11 cousins cash payments of up to $25 million by age 40. But he had also made it clear that those who worked in the family businesses deserved a larger stake of its fortune and would earn salaries as well as equity in the enterprises they built.

Ultimately, the cousins agreed to liquefy the assets over the next 10 years and to each take about $35 million from the Pritzker Foundation to set up their own instruments for charitable giving. People close to the family said each cousin also gets about $30 million in cash as part of the agreement and some have recently purchased large homes and significant blocks of stock.

Longtime family associates agreed that the negotiations would never have happened during Jay Pritzker's lifetime.

Задания к тексту

1. Проработайте лексику, данную перед текстом. Прочитайте текст, не пользуясь «Англо-русским словарем».

2. Найдите, где в тексте говорится о том, что

- кто и когда изложил план разделения наследства между членами следующего поколения семейства;

- машинописная копия была порвана и заменена новой;

- Лайзель, принадлежащая к четвертому поколению, жалуется, что её фонды опустошались в пользу других членов семейства;

- говорится о занятиях Лайзель (первокурсница и киноактриса)

- распад семьи – дело нередкое;

- члены семейства избегают общения с прессой;

- содержание иска Лайзель крайне неэтично;

- происхождение Николаса Прицкера;

- Николас был самоучкой-юристом;

- перечисляется собственность семейства;

- о сожалении в отношении иска Лайзель;

- рассказывается о размерах благотворительности семейства;

- о былой готовности семейства к благотворительности;

- перечисляются занятия других членов четвертого поколения;

- предполагалось увеличить размер наследства тем членам семейства, кто работает на приумножение семейного бизнеса.

3. Переведите на русский язык некоторые, по-вашему, интересные тезисы в разных частях текста. Попросите одногруппника найти их в тексте по-английски.

4. Выпишите необходимый набор лексики для кратчайшего тезисного изложения текста.

UNIT 4

Тематика: общество и политика; англосаксонское общее право.

Текст: Даёшь в короли Вильяма!

Young 'want William as King'

BBC News Online: 12 June, 2002

Should Prince Charles be looking over his shoulder?

Words and Phrases

young adults – взрослая молодежь

jump ahead – перепрыгнуть через голову

survey – исследование

poll – опрос общественного мнения

to take into account – принять во внимание

to back – поддерживать

fairly evenly split – очень точно разделиться

taxpayer – налогоплательщик

to be broadcast – транслироваться по радио и телевидению

Young adults think Prince William should jump ahead of his father and become king when the Queen dies, a survey suggests.

Of people questioned for a BBC poll, those aged 18 to 24 showed the strongest support for Prince Charles standing aside for his son. Thirty-five per cent supported William as the next monarch, while only 27% opted for Prince Charles.

People over 24 were also included in the poll and when the answers of all generations are taken into account, a quite different picture emerges.

Then, the Prince of Wales has the support of 47% to become the next King and 14% opting for an elected president. But a third of those polled still backed Prince William.

There is good news for the Royal Family. The ICM poll found 63% of people did not think the monarchy was out of date.

Among young people however opinion was fairly evenly split with 44% saying the monarchy was out of date and 45% saying it was not. Asked if the Royal Family cost the taxpayer too much money, 51% of all those asked said "Yes", 43% said "No" with 6% undecided.

Among the 18 to 24 age group, the figures were more marked, with 62% agreeing, 30% disagreeing and 8% undecided.

The BBC's royal correspondent Jennie Bond said the Queen would probably be "broadly quite content" with the survey's findings. She said it clearly showed young people would like to have a younger King and that nearly two thirds of people polled did not think the monarchy was out-of-date.

The results will be analyzed during a special BBC debate entitled Our Monarchy - the Next 50 Years. It is being hosted by David Dimbleby and will be broadcast on BBC1 on Wednesday at 2100BST. The debate will include three "Jubilee babes", people born in 1977 with three different views on the future of the monarchy. Viewers will be invited, along with a panel of commentators and celebrities, to try to change their views.

Viewers can give their opinion through the internet, digital TV or by telephone.

Задания к тексту

1. Проработайте лексику, данную перед текстом. Прочитайте текст, не пользуясь «Англо-русским словарем».

2. Найдите, где в тексте говорится о том,

- какие группы населения считают, что монархия устарела, и сколько высказываются за её существование;

- треть опрошенных поддерживает принца Уильяма;

- что содержание королевской семьи дорого обходится налогоплательщикам;

- две трети опрошенных высказываются за монархию.

4. Выпишите необходимый набор лексики для кратчайшего тезисного изложения текста.

UNIT 5

Тематика: уголовное право, уголовный процесс.

Текст: «Доктор» Шипмэн

<NYT_HEADLINE type=" " version="1.0">British Inquiry Finds Doctor Killed 215 of His Patients

B</NYT_HEADLINE><NYT_BYLINE type=" " version="1.0">y WARREN HOGE.The Times, <TBODY>July 20, 2002

Words and Phrases

the suburban family doctor – семейный врач из пригорода

general practitioner, a GP – врач - терапевт

to be convicted - быть осужденным

investigation, inquiry – расследование

killing spree – череда убийств

gray-bearded - седобородый

trustworthy –внушающий доверие

painkiller – обезболивающее средство

to betray – предавать

a yearlong inquiry – расследование, продолжавшееся год

hushed – закрытый; Hush! – Тс-с!

lack of evidence – недостаток свидетельств

bare statement – голое заявление

to be trusted implicitly – пользоваться безоговорочным доверием

misconduct – злой умысел (= malice)

the true number of victims – подлинное число жертв

to arouse suspicion – возбудить подозрение

trial transcript – судебная стенограмма

drug abuse – употребление наркотиков

a morbid interest – нездоровый интерес

a typical pattern – типичная схема

autopsy – вскрытие

to have a good bedside manner – слыть хорошей сиделкой

a plumber – водопроводчик

a retired hospital worker – больничный работник-пенсионер

remained a loner – оставался одиночкой

to be jailed for life – получить пожизненное заключение

H</NYT_BYLINE><NYT_TEXT>НнннHHHHYDE, England, July 19 — Dr. Harold Shipman, the suburban family doctor convicted two years ago of murdering 15 of his patients, actually killed at least 215 of them, an official investigation reported today.

The leader of the inquiry, Dame Janet Smith, a High Court judge, said the killing spree stretched over a 23-year period in which the gray-bearded, soft-spoken general practitioner built up a reputation for attentive and trustworthy medical care while systematically injecting the people in his care with lethal doses of the painkiller diamorphine.

"He betrayed their trust in a way and to an extent that I believe is unparalleled in history," Dame Janet said. But officials said no further trials were likely.

Reading from the findings of the yearlong inquiry in the hushed council chamber of Manchester Town Hall, Dame Janet said she also had "real cause" to suspect Dr. Shipman of killing 45 additional patients, but could not attach the same certainty to them as she could to the 200 new killings she reported. Of the 493 suspicious deaths beyond the 15 for which he was convicted, Dame Janet also found 210 to be due to natural causes and another 38 were indeterminable because of lack of evidence.

"Deeply shocking though it is, the bare statement that Shipman has killed over 200 patients does not fully reflect the enormity of his crimes," Dame Janet said. "As a general practitioner, Shipman was trusted implicitly by his patients and their families."

She continued: "Shipman's `nonviolent' killing seems almost more incredible than the violent deaths of which we hear. The way in which Shipman could kill, face the relatives and walk away unsuspected would have been dismissed as fanciful if it had been described in a work of fiction."

The report said systems that should have safeguarded patients against misconduct of this scope had failed, and added that it was "deeply disturbing" his killings did not arouse suspicion for so many years.

While the 2,000-page report provided as conclusive a count of victims as will ever be known, Dame Janet said: "The true number of victims is far greater and cannot be counted. I include as victims the thousands of relatives, friends and neighbors who have lost a loved one or a friend before his or her time, in circumstances that will leave their mark for ever."

The report, a trial transcript and other information is online at www.the-shipman-inquiry.org.uk.

Prosecutors at Dr. Shipman's trial argued that his drive to kill was fueled by a desire for godlike power over life and death. But Dame Janet said her inquiry had been unable to come up with any easy explanation. Recalling that he had been convicted in his 20's for drug abuse, she said, "It is possible that he was addicted to killing."

The report turned up evidence that Dr. Shipman did seem to have a morbid interest in death; many of his victims were themselves in a state of recent bereavement.

Judith Page, a patient of his who worked as a household helper, told investigators that Dr. Shipman once asked her if she had had the experience of finding a client dead. When she said "yes," he asked if it did not give her a "buzz."

According to the report, a Shipman killing would follow a typical pattern. He would call on an elderly patient, usually a woman living alone, on a weekday afternoon. Sometimes it was in response to a complaint of an ailment of some kind. Other times, it was presented as a routine checkup.

While there, Dr. Shipman would administer the deadly injection. Most of his victims were found sitting in their living room chairs, looking as if they had just fallen asleep. Sometimes he would stay on the scene and report the death to relatives himself. Other times, he would leave and wait to receive word, then return.

In every case, he would have a ready explanation for the sudden death and would assure relatives that no autopsy was needed. In their shocked and bereaved state, the families would accept his word.

Known for having a good bedside manner, Dr. Shipman could turn abrupt and flippant in the immediate aftermath of one of his killings. "When my mum died, he put his hand on my right shoulder and said, `I think I'll stay here a while in case she wakes up so she doesn't scare people,' " said Barry Swan, 52, a plumber whose mother, Bessie, 79, was murdered by Dr. Shipman in 1997. "I didn't think anything of it at the time, but I do now."

When he had just killed Mary Coutts in April 1997, the report said, her son and daughter-in-law asked him about the circumstances, and he said, "Well, I don't believe in keeping them going."

Hyde is a Manchester suburb of two- and three-story redbrick houses with a main street of small storefronts, one of which was the office where Dr. Shipman, now 56, ran his practice from 1992 until his arrest in 1998. Townspeople are still struggling to work out their feelings about having had England's most prolific serial killer in this otherwise unremarkable community.

Peter Wagstaff, 54, whose mother, Kathleen, 81, was a victim, said the doctor was "one of the most evil men in history" but added: "I do not think I have met anybody who said they hate him. It is just too difficult to understand and try to work out."

The families wonder at how they believed in Dr. Shipman. Fanny Nichols, 84, was murdered by Dr. Shipman in 1993, but her son Brian, 58, a retired hospital worker, said today he was so trusting that he continued under Dr. Shipman's care even after being interviewed three times by the police.

"When I saw the first newspaper story saying, `Hyde Doctor Under Investigation,' I remember saying, `Never in a month of Sundays is there any way that man could have done what they are saying,' " Mr. Nichols said.

Though respected, Dr. Shipman was not popular. Today's report portrayed him as a man without real friends, someone who was a member of medical societies and other groups that usually produce social friendships but who remained a loner. He is the father of four children, and his wife, Primrose, has remained quietly steadfast, visiting him in prison in Durham. She has moved from Hyde and has not been seen in public.

Despite the new findings, the police say there will be no new prosecutions of Dr. Shipman because of the impossibility of finding jury members who have not heard of him. Dr. Shipman was jailed for life in 2000, and last week the home secretary, David Blunkett, declared that there would be no review of that sentence.

Dr. Shipman maintained his innocence through his trial, and he has refused to discuss the case with detectives despite their repeated efforts. A copy of today's report is being sent to him.

No one here has much hope of ever getting an answer to the question posed by Jane Ashton-Hibbert, 35, whose grandmother Hilda was killed by Dr. Shipman.

"I cannot reconcile the doctor I know who came to look after my sister and who delivered my daughter, to the doctor I know now, who has caused the betrayal of trust that has affected us all," she said. "The eternal question we live with in Hyde is, why did he do it ?"

Dame Janet was asked if she thought the motive would ever become clear. "The short answer is no," she said. "Only he could answer that question, and at the moment it seems very unlikely he will."

Задания к тексту

1. Проработайте лексику, данную перед текстом. Прочитайте текст, не пользуясь «Англо-русским словарем».

2. Найдите, где в тексте говорится о следующем:

- Шипмэн был семейным врачом-терапевтом из пригородной зоны;

- официальные лица говорят, что дальнейших судебных разбирательств, скорее всего, не будет;

- дается общая статистика по смертям, имеющим отношение к делу Шипмэна;

- преступник пользовался полным доверием своих пациентов;

- если бы это было в книге, то читатель счел бы это слишком надуманным;

- сколько страниц занимает дело Шипмэна;

- им двигало желание чувствовать себя повелителем жизни и смерти;

- дается описание самого преступника, его манеры;

- описывается метод, которым преступник убивал своих жертв;

- описание Хайда, пригорода Манчестера;

- указана причина, почему невозможно пересмотреть дело Шипмэна;

- многие не могут поверить в случившееся;

- он уже осужден пожизненно.

4. Выпишите необходимый набор лексики для кратчайшего тезисного изложения текста.

UNIT 6

Тематика: государственное и административное право

Текст: Крадут, сэр!

Police hunt sign thieves

Friday, 26 April, 2002, 15:03 GMT 16:03 UK

Words and phrases

to sell for scrap – продавать на слом, сдавать в утиль

theft – кража

dozen – дюжина (русск. «десяток»)

traffic signs – дорожные знаки

to investigate – расследовать

sharp bends – крутые повороты

hazard, danger – опасность

whole strips of reflective chevrons – целые полосы светоотражателей

a tight corner – острый угол (дороги)

park and ride notices – знаки парковки и проезда

to deter thieves – удерживать (отпугивать) воров

downright stupidity – отъявленная глупость

to be targeted [‘ta:getid] - быть объектом, целью

to blitz - нагрянуть

The theft of dozens of traffic signs from the side of the road is being investigated by police. About 50 aluminium signs were stolen from roads in the Stirling area last month, many of which warned motorists of sharp bends and other hazards. The disappearance of the signs prompted Stirling Council to warn that drivers lives are being put at risk.

Officials at the council believe the aluminium signs are being sold for scrap. Stirling Council is worried about the spate of thefts. In some cases, whole strips of reflective chevrons on tight corners have been removed, along with large directional signs.

An official added that tourism and park-and-ride notices have also been targeted.

Central Scotland Police said that areas around nearby Falkirk and Clackmannanshire had also been hit. Stirling Council's road services has spent nearly Ј4,000 on replacing warning signs in the Strathblane area with non-metallic signs in a bid to deter thieves.

Councillor Colin O'Brien said: "This is downright stupidity. Removing hazard signs is simply dangerous. It could cause a very serious accident and someone could get killed.

"The money to replace these stolen signs has to come from somewhere. "If the council is spending money on replacing them, it means something else on the roads isn't being done." He added that scrap metal dealers have been warned to look out for road signs and urged people to alert police if they saw someone tampering with signs.

Road safety experts said the theft of the road signs could be put into two categories.

A spokesman for the Automobile Association Scotland said: "Welcome to Scotland signs are often targeted and I gather that the National Trust lose a lot of notices that people take as souvenirs.

"Then there is the more organized theft of signs which tends to happen quite suddenly as the people who are behind it blitz an area and then move on."

BBC Scotland

Задания к тексту

1. Проработайте лексику, данную перед текстом. Прочитайте текст, не пользуясь «Англо-русским словарем».

2. Найдите, где в тексте говорится о следующем:

- десятки (в тексте «дюжины») дорожных знаков исчезли;

- эти знаки предупреждали о крутых поворотах;

- алюминий сдают в утиль;

- сколько фунтов стерлингов уже ушло на замену алюминиевых знаков на пластмассовые;

- исчезновение знаков может стать причиной серьезных аварий;

- из-за замены знаков что-то другое на дороге не будет сделано;

- приемщиков металлолома предупредили;

- пропадают знаки сервиса и парковки;

- возможно, некоторые знаки гости Шотландии берут на сувениры.

4. Выпишите необходимый набор лексики для кратчайшего тезисного изложения текста.

UNIT 7

Тематика: проблема смертной казни

Текст: Мы казним всё меньше

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">

U.S. Death Sentences Decline for Third Year

washingtonpost.com
Reuters, Monday, December 16, 2002; Page A09

Words and phrases

inmates – заключенный

death sentence – смертный приговор

to release – выпустить, зд. издать

annual decline – годовое снижение

capital punishment – высшая мера наказания

execution – исполение приговора; казнь

steady decline – устойчивое снижение

death row – «смертный ряд» (т.е., приговоренные к смертной казни и ожидающие исполнения приговора)

to set aside – отложить, отменить (приговор)

average – средний (показатель)

lethal injection – смертельная инъекция

A total of 155 inmates in the United States received a death sentence in 2001, the smallest number in 28 years, according to a Justice Department report released yesterday.

The third straight annual decline occurred at a time of growing national debate about capital punishment, sparked in part by recent exonerations of death row inmates because of DNA evidence and calls for more state moratoriums on executions.

The report by the department's Bureau of Justice Statistics found a steady decline in the number of inmates who received a death sentence, with 304 in 1998, 282 in 1999 and 229 in 2000.

The number put on death row last year represented the lowest figure since the 1973 total of 44 inmates.

The death sentences for 90 inmates were set aside or overturned last year, according to the report.

It said 66 death row inmates were executed last year by 15 states and the federal government. There have been 70 executions in 2002, according to the Death Penalty Information Center, a group opposed to capital punishment.

Of those put to death last year, 63 were men and three were women, according to the report. Forty-eight of those executed were white, 17 were black and one was an American Indian.

The report found that those executed last year had been on death row an average of nearly 12 years. All were executed by lethal injection.

At the end of last year, 3,581 inmates were on death row in prisons across the country, 20 fewer than at the end of 2000.

Of the 38 states with capital punishment, California had the most death row inmates, at 603, by the end of 2001, followed by Texas at 453 and Florida at 372. The report said that of all the inmates on death row at the end of 2001, the youngest was 19 and the oldest was 86.

Задания к тексту

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- какой период времени рассматривает статистика;

- в США растет национальная озабоченность проблемой смертной казни;

- скольким осужденным отменили приговор в предыдущем (2000) году;

- сколько осужденных было казнено в минувшем году;

- какие штаты США имеют наибольшее число приговоренных к смерти;

- в скольких штатах имеется смертная казнь, и кто еще может назначать ее;

- приводится статистика по осужденным в прошедшем году;

- приводится общая статистика по приговоренным к смертной казни.

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